Radiative corrections from an asymmetric Dirac fermion generate a bias that collapses domain walls, producing gravitational waves that encode the asymmetry level and temperature.
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A review of gravitational waves from cosmic domain walls
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abstract
In this contribution, we discuss the cosmological scenario where unstable domain walls are formed in the early universe and their late-time annihilation produces a significant amount of gravitational waves. After describing cosmological constraints on long-lived domain walls, we estimate the typical amplitude and frequency of gravitational waves observed today. We also review possible extensions of the standard model of particle physics that predict the formation of unstable domain walls and can be probed by observation of relic gravitational waves. It is shown that recent results of pulser timing arrays and direct detection experiments partially exclude the relevant parameter space, and that a much wider parameter space can be covered by the next generation of gravitational wave observatories.
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representative citing papers
Collapsing domain walls generically form cuspidal edge and vertex singularities captured by Nambu-Goto and eikonal approximations and reproduced in field theory simulations.
Derives dynamical criterion for biased domain wall formation by evaluating p_fv at freeze-out temperature T_fo, producing stricter condition than conventional static threshold and consistency condition T_fo > T_ann.
Bayesian multiband analysis shows LISA and Taiji reconstruct PTA-compatible domain wall parameters in the strong-signal regime, with joint PTA priors reducing 10D degeneracies.
Collapsing Z_N domain walls trap baryons into dense baryoids, yielding a dark matter-baryon energy density ratio of approximately (N-1):1 after the QCD phase transition.
Collapsing axion-like domain walls generate the baryon asymmetry by acting as an effective chemical potential through coupling to the electroweak topological term, with the asymmetry produced via sphaleron processes.
Domain wall annihilation imprints a two-peaked spectrum on induced gravitational waves via an early matter-dominated phase and entropy dilution.
Spectral features of primordial gravitational-wave backgrounds can directly reconstruct the mass and decay rate of long-lived BSM particles via the frequencies imprinted by an early matter-dominated epoch.
A Z3-symmetric Type-III seesaw model uses radiative Coleman-Weinberg effects to lift vacuum degeneracy and annihilate domain walls, fitting neutrino data, generating baryon asymmetry via leptogenesis at 10^9 GeV triplet masses, and predicting detectable gravitational waves.
Tensor perturbations from FOPT and domain-wall sources are claimed to induce second-order scalar perturbations large enough to form primordial black holes, potentially all of the dark matter.
Multi-field tunneling analysis in a CP-violating NJL model yields a slow transition (β/H ~ 100) whose stochastic gravitational-wave signal is detectable by μAres and insensitive to the CP angle.
In the minimal B-L gauge extension, Majorana neutrinos at high breaking scale produce flat GW spectra from cosmic strings, Dirac at low scale produce peaked spectra from first-order phase transitions, and pseudo-Dirac produce kink features from domain wall annihilation.
Lepton parity stabilizes a Majorana fermion dark matter candidate while an accidental Z2 symmetry in the scalar potential creates unstable domain walls whose decay produces observable gravitational waves.
PBH-assisted leptogenesis produces a multi-peaked GW spectrum in the MHz-EHz range from RHN graviton bremsstrahlung plus PBH-related sources.
In an SU(3) non-Abelian gauge theory, magnetic monopole number density is suppressed for small bias parameter ε of domain walls, allowing few monopoles to survive.
Constrains inflationary tensor parameters to fit the EPTA DR2 signal under CMB, BBN and LVK bounds, favoring radiation-era horizon re-entry but requiring low reheating temperatures.
Majoron dark matter is viable for sub-MeV masses in high-scale seesaw models with thermal leptogenesis, produced via misalignment and cosmic strings in pre- and post-inflationary scenarios and constrained by CMB, X-ray, and gravitational wave observations.
Dynamical inverse seesaw predicts low-frequency stochastic GW signals from a first-order phase transition, with complementarity to heavy neutral lepton searches at small active-sterile mixing.
In a complex singlet model with dimension-five Yukawa couplings, current electron EDM bounds already restrict part of the parameter space where gravitational waves from CP domain wall collapse would be detectable.
citing papers explorer
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Imprint of matter-antimatter asymmetry on collapsing domain walls
Radiative corrections from an asymmetric Dirac fermion generate a bias that collapses domain walls, producing gravitational waves that encode the asymmetry level and temperature.
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Cuspidal Singularities in Collapsing Domain Walls
Collapsing domain walls generically form cuspidal edge and vertex singularities captured by Nambu-Goto and eikonal approximations and reproduced in field theory simulations.
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Dynamical criterion for biased domain-wall formation
Derives dynamical criterion for biased domain wall formation by evaluating p_fv at freeze-out temperature T_fo, producing stricter condition than conventional static threshold and consistency condition T_fo > T_ann.
-
PTA-Compatible Domain Walls at LISA and Taiji: Bayesian Reconstruction and Multiband Inference
Bayesian multiband analysis shows LISA and Taiji reconstruct PTA-compatible domain wall parameters in the strong-signal regime, with joint PTA priors reducing 10D degeneracies.
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Baryoid Dark Matter from $\mathbb{Z}_N$ Domain Walls: The $(N-1):1$ origin of the dark matter-baryon coincidence
Collapsing Z_N domain walls trap baryons into dense baryoids, yielding a dark matter-baryon energy density ratio of approximately (N-1):1 after the QCD phase transition.
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Electroweak Baryogenesis from Collapsing Domain Walls
Collapsing axion-like domain walls generate the baryon asymmetry by acting as an effective chemical potential through coupling to the electroweak topological term, with the asymmetry produced via sphaleron processes.
-
Imprint of domain wall annihilation on induced gravitational waves
Domain wall annihilation imprints a two-peaked spectrum on induced gravitational waves via an early matter-dominated phase and entropy dilution.
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Irreducible Gravitational Wave Background as a Particle Detector
Spectral features of primordial gravitational-wave backgrounds can directly reconstruct the mass and decay rate of long-lived BSM particles via the frequencies imprinted by an early matter-dominated epoch.
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Radiative Lifting of $\mathbb{Z}_3$ Domain-Wall Degeneracy in a Type-III Seesaw Model: Implications for Leptogenesis and Gravitational Waves
A Z3-symmetric Type-III seesaw model uses radiative Coleman-Weinberg effects to lift vacuum degeneracy and annihilate domain walls, fitting neutrino data, generating baryon asymmetry via leptogenesis at 10^9 GeV triplet masses, and predicting detectable gravitational waves.
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Primordial Black Hole from Tensor-induced Density Fluctuation: First-order Phase Transitions and Domain Walls
Tensor perturbations from FOPT and domain-wall sources are claimed to induce second-order scalar perturbations large enough to form primordial black holes, potentially all of the dark matter.
-
CP-violating multi-field phase transitions and gravitational waves in a hidden NJL sector
Multi-field tunneling analysis in a CP-violating NJL model yields a slow transition (β/H ~ 100) whose stochastic gravitational-wave signal is detectable by μAres and insensitive to the CP angle.
-
Gravitational Wave Signature and the Nature of Neutrino Masses: Majorana, Dirac, or Pseudo-Dirac?
In the minimal B-L gauge extension, Majorana neutrinos at high breaking scale produce flat GW spectra from cosmic strings, Dirac at low scale produce peaked spectra from first-order phase transitions, and pseudo-Dirac produce kink features from domain wall annihilation.
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Lepton parity dark matter and naturally unstable domain walls
Lepton parity stabilizes a Majorana fermion dark matter candidate while an accidental Z2 symmetry in the scalar potential creates unstable domain walls whose decay produces observable gravitational waves.
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Multi-peaked high-frequency gravitational waves from PBH-assisted leptogenesis
PBH-assisted leptogenesis produces a multi-peaked GW spectrum in the MHz-EHz range from RHN graviton bremsstrahlung plus PBH-related sources.
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Domain walls and magnetic monopoles in Grand Unified Models
In an SU(3) non-Abelian gauge theory, magnetic monopole number density is suppressed for small bias parameter ε of domain walls, allowing few monopoles to survive.
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Inflationary interpretation of the gravitational-wave signal in the European Pulsar Timing Array DR2 with constraints
Constrains inflationary tensor parameters to fit the EPTA DR2 signal under CMB, BBN and LVK bounds, favoring radiation-era horizon re-entry but requiring low reheating temperatures.
-
Majoron Dark Matter, High-Scale Seesaw, and Leptogenesis
Majoron dark matter is viable for sub-MeV masses in high-scale seesaw models with thermal leptogenesis, produced via misalignment and cosmic strings in pre- and post-inflationary scenarios and constrained by CMB, X-ray, and gravitational wave observations.
-
Probing Dynamical Inverse Seesaw with Low-frequency Gravitational Waves
Dynamical inverse seesaw predicts low-frequency stochastic GW signals from a first-order phase transition, with complementarity to heavy neutral lepton searches at small active-sterile mixing.
-
Gravitational waves from CP domain wall collapse and electron EDM in a complex singlet model with dimension-five Yukawa interactions
In a complex singlet model with dimension-five Yukawa couplings, current electron EDM bounds already restrict part of the parameter space where gravitational waves from CP domain wall collapse would be detectable.
- Nanohertz gravitational waves from domain walls nucleated during inflation