AutoResearchBench is a new benchmark showing top AI agents achieve under 10% success on complex scientific literature discovery tasks that demand deep comprehension and open-ended search.
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Tongyi DeepResearch Technical Report
Canonical reference. 77% of citing Pith papers cite this work as background.
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abstract
We present Tongyi DeepResearch, an agentic large language model, which is specifically designed for long-horizon, deep information-seeking research tasks. To incentivize autonomous deep research agency, Tongyi DeepResearch is developed through an end-to-end training framework that combines agentic mid-training and agentic post-training, enabling scalable reasoning and information seeking across complex tasks. We design a highly scalable data synthesis pipeline that is fully automatic, without relying on costly human annotation, and empowers all training stages. By constructing customized environments for each stage, our system enables stable and consistent interactions throughout. Tongyi DeepResearch, featuring 30.5 billion total parameters, with only 3.3 billion activated per token, achieves state-of-the-art performance across a range of agentic deep research benchmarks, including Humanity's Last Exam, BrowseComp, BrowseComp-ZH, WebWalkerQA, xbench-DeepSearch, FRAMES and xbench-DeepSearch-2510. We open-source the model, framework, and complete solutions to empower the community.
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representative citing papers
PixelRAG shows that operating RAG entirely over web screenshots outperforms text-based retrieval on NQ, SimpleQA, MMSearch, LiveVQA, and MoNaCo, with up to 18.1% accuracy gains and 3x token savings via image compression.
VibeSearchBench provides 200 tasks across 20 domains with progressive-disclosure simulation and graph-matching evaluation, showing frontier LLM agents achieve at most 30.30 F1 on long-horizon proactive search.
REFLECT benchmark shows current LLM judges achieve below 55% accuracy detecting failures in evidence-based research agents, especially on evidence verification.
ClawForge is a generator framework that creates reproducible executable benchmarks for command-line agents under state conflict, with ClawForge-Bench showing frontier models reach at most 45.3% strict accuracy and that state inspection drives most performance gaps.
ActGuide-RL uses human action data as plan-style guidance in mixed-policy RL to overcome exploration barriers in LLM agents, matching SFT+RL performance on search benchmarks without cold-start training.
CuSearch reallocates rollout budget in RLVR toward deeper-search trajectories as a proxy for retrieval supervision density, yielding up to 11.8 exact-match gains over uniform GRPO sampling on ZeroSearch.
AIDA is the first end-to-end autonomous agent that combines a domain-specific language with Pareto-guided reinforcement learning to discover insights from complex business data.
Starling, a multi-agent LLM system, extracts ~6.3 million nuanced structured records from PubMed across six tasks with reported error rates of 0.6-7.7%, lower than several curated databases.
Small 7B reasoning models were fine-tuned on synthetic and curated QFT problems using RL and SFT, yielding performance gains, error analysis, and public release of data and traces.
Mind-ParaWorld creates parallel worlds with atomic facts to evaluate search agents on future scenarios, showing they synthesize evidence well but struggle with collection, coverage, sufficiency judgment, and stopping decisions.
SAGE with MHFA improves failure recovery in autonomous research agents, raising metrics-bearing outputs from 42% to 92% on a 12-topic benchmark versus single-reflection baselines.
Agents-K1 is an end-to-end pipeline with a multimodal parser, 4B GRPO-trained extractor, and agent CLI that builds scientific knowledge graphs from full papers and was run on 2.46 million documents to produce Scholar-KG.
Arbor combines a coordinator, executors, and a hypothesis tree to enable cumulative autonomous research, outperforming Codex and Claude Code by over 2.5x on six real tasks and reaching 86.36% Any Medal on MLE-Bench Lite.
DR-rubric is a two-stage framework using iterative agentic search to generate atomic verifiable constraints for GRPO-based RL, achieving competitive performance on 6 benchmarks with 1K-3K examples via bootstrap or frontier-model rubrics.
CPT is introduced as a pairwise reasoning-trace comparison stage that improves the reasoning-metacognition trade-off over standard SFT+RL pipelines across model scales.
GDCR assigns step-level rewards via distance to the answer node in a training-time ER graph and SAPO combines these with trajectory advantages for credit assignment in agentic search.
AgentFugue introduces a plug-in shared reasoning hub trained with SFT and RL that enables peer agents to share intermediate reasoning, yielding gains on long-horizon tasks over strong baselines.
SR²AM achieves competitive Pass@1 accuracy on diverse tasks with 25.8-95.3% fewer reasoning tokens than much larger models by using self-regulated simulative planning trained via supervised learning and RL.
Argus coordinates a Navigator and multiple Searchers via an evidence graph for deep research, reporting average gains of 5.5 points with one Searcher and 12.7 points with eight parallel Searchers across eight benchmarks, reaching 86.2 on BrowseComp with 64 Searchers.
ToolCUA introduces a trajectory scaling pipeline and staged RL to optimize GUI-tool switching, reaching 46.85% accuracy on OSWorld-MCP for a 66% relative gain over baseline.
HTPO introduces hierarchical token-level objective control in RLVR to balance exploration and exploitation by grouping tokens according to difficulty, correctness, and entropy, yielding up to 8.6% gains on AIME benchmarks over DAPO.
Context-ReAct enables agents to dynamically manage context via five atomic operations, and LongSeeker fine-tuned on 10k trajectories achieves 61.5% and 62.5% on BrowseComp benchmarks, outperforming prior agents.
The paper introduces the KDR task, HKA multi-agent framework, and KDR-Bench to enable LLM agents to integrate structured knowledge into deep research reports, with experiments showing outperformance over prior agents.
citing papers explorer
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AutoResearchBench: Benchmarking AI Agents on Complex Scientific Literature Discovery
AutoResearchBench is a new benchmark showing top AI agents achieve under 10% success on complex scientific literature discovery tasks that demand deep comprehension and open-ended search.
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PIXELRAG: Web Screenshots Beat Text for Retrieval-Augmented Generation
PixelRAG shows that operating RAG entirely over web screenshots outperforms text-based retrieval on NQ, SimpleQA, MMSearch, LiveVQA, and MoNaCo, with up to 18.1% accuracy gains and 3x token savings via image compression.
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VibeSearchBench: Benchmarking Long-horizon Proactive Search in the Wild
VibeSearchBench provides 200 tasks across 20 domains with progressive-disclosure simulation and graph-matching evaluation, showing frontier LLM agents achieve at most 30.30 F1 on long-horizon proactive search.
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Time to REFLECT: Can We Trust LLM Judges for Evidence-based Research Agents?
REFLECT benchmark shows current LLM judges achieve below 55% accuracy detecting failures in evidence-based research agents, especially on evidence verification.
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ClawForge: Generating Executable Interactive Benchmarks for Command-Line Agents
ClawForge is a generator framework that creates reproducible executable benchmarks for command-line agents under state conflict, with ClawForge-Bench showing frontier models reach at most 45.3% strict accuracy and that state inspection drives most performance gaps.
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Learning Agentic Policy from Action Guidance
ActGuide-RL uses human action data as plan-style guidance in mixed-policy RL to overcome exploration barriers in LLM agents, matching SFT+RL performance on search benchmarks without cold-start training.
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CuSearch: Curriculum Rollout Sampling via Search Depth for Agentic RAG
CuSearch reallocates rollout budget in RLVR toward deeper-search trajectories as a proxy for retrieval supervision density, yielding up to 11.8 exact-match gains over uniform GRPO sampling on ZeroSearch.
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Towards Autonomous Business Intelligence via Data-to-Insight Discovery Agent
AIDA is the first end-to-end autonomous agent that combines a domain-specific language with Pareto-guided reinforcement learning to discover insights from complex business data.
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Self-Driving Datasets: From 20 Million Papers to Nuanced Biomedical Knowledge at Scale
Starling, a multi-agent LLM system, extracts ~6.3 million nuanced structured records from PubMed across six tasks with reported error rates of 0.6-7.7%, lower than several curated databases.
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Fine-Tuning Small Reasoning Models for Quantum Field Theory
Small 7B reasoning models were fine-tuned on synthetic and curated QFT problems using RL and SFT, yielding performance gains, error analysis, and public release of data and traces.
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Evaluating the Search Agent in a Parallel World
Mind-ParaWorld creates parallel worlds with atomic facts to evaluate search agents on future scenarios, showing they synthesize evidence well but struggle with collection, coverage, sufficiency judgment, and stopping decisions.
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One Reflection Is Not Enough: Self-Correcting Autonomous Research via Multi-Hypothesis Failure Attribution
SAGE with MHFA improves failure recovery in autonomous research agents, raising metrics-bearing outputs from 42% to 92% on a 12-topic benchmark versus single-reflection baselines.
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Agents-K1: Towards Agent-native Knowledge Orchestration
Agents-K1 is an end-to-end pipeline with a multimodal parser, 4B GRPO-trained extractor, and agent CLI that builds scientific knowledge graphs from full papers and was run on 2.46 million documents to produce Scholar-KG.
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Toward Generalist Autonomous Research via Hypothesis-Tree Refinement
Arbor combines a coordinator, executors, and a hypothesis tree to enable cumulative autonomous research, outperforming Codex and Claude Code by over 2.5x on six real tasks and reaching 86.36% Any Medal on MLE-Bench Lite.
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Deep Research as Rubric for Reinforcement Learning
DR-rubric is a two-stage framework using iterative agentic search to generate atomic verifiable constraints for GRPO-based RL, achieving competitive performance on 6 benchmarks with 1K-3K examples via bootstrap or frontier-model rubrics.
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Enhancing LLM Metacognition via Cognitive Pairwise Training
CPT is introduced as a pairwise reasoning-trace comparison stage that improves the reasoning-metacognition trade-off over standard SFT+RL pipelines across model scales.
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Beyond Trajectory Rewards: Step-level Credit Assignment for Agentic Search via Graph Modeling
GDCR assigns step-level rewards via distance to the answer node in a training-time ER graph and SAPO combines these with trajectory advantages for credit assignment in agentic search.
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AgentFugue: Agent Scaling for Long-Horizon Tasks through Collective Reasoning
AgentFugue introduces a plug-in shared reasoning hub trained with SFT and RL that enables peer agents to share intermediate reasoning, yielding gains on long-horizon tasks over strong baselines.
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Efficient Agentic Reasoning Through Self-Regulated Simulative Planning
SR²AM achieves competitive Pass@1 accuracy on diverse tasks with 25.8-95.3% fewer reasoning tokens than much larger models by using self-regulated simulative planning trained via supervised learning and RL.
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Argus: Evidence Assembly for Scalable Deep Research Agents
Argus coordinates a Navigator and multiple Searchers via an evidence graph for deep research, reporting average gains of 5.5 points with one Searcher and 12.7 points with eight parallel Searchers across eight benchmarks, reaching 86.2 on BrowseComp with 64 Searchers.
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ToolCUA: Towards Optimal GUI-Tool Path Orchestration for Computer Use Agents
ToolCUA introduces a trajectory scaling pipeline and staged RL to optimize GUI-tool switching, reaching 46.85% accuracy on OSWorld-MCP for a 66% relative gain over baseline.
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HTPO: Towards Exploration-Exploitation Balanced Policy Optimization via Hierarchical Token-level Objective Control
HTPO introduces hierarchical token-level objective control in RLVR to balance exploration and exploitation by grouping tokens according to difficulty, correctness, and entropy, yielding up to 8.6% gains on AIME benchmarks over DAPO.
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LongSeeker: Elastic Context Orchestration for Long-Horizon Search Agents
Context-ReAct enables agents to dynamically manage context via five atomic operations, and LongSeeker fine-tuned on 10k trajectories achieves 61.5% and 62.5% on BrowseComp benchmarks, outperforming prior agents.
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Towards Knowledgeable Deep Research: Framework and Benchmark
The paper introduces the KDR task, HKA multi-agent framework, and KDR-Bench to enable LLM agents to integrate structured knowledge into deep research reports, with experiments showing outperformance over prior agents.
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TimelineReasoner: Advancing Timeline Summarization with Large Reasoning Models
TimelineReasoner applies large reasoning models in a Global Cognition plus Detail Exploration loop to produce more accurate, complete, and coherent timelines from news than prior LLM-based methods.
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Learning to Retrieve from Agent Trajectories
Retrievers trained on agent trajectories via the LRAT framework improve evidence recall, task success, and efficiency in agentic search benchmarks.
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Probe-then-Plan: Environment-Aware Planning for Industrial E-commerce Search
EASP adds a Probe-then-Plan step so LLMs ground their search plans in actual retrieval snapshots and inventory, yielding higher recall and business metrics in sub-second production search.
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EcoGym: Evaluating LLMs for Long-Horizon Plan-and-Execute in Interactive Economies
EcoGym is a new open benchmark with three economic environments that reveals no leading LLM dominates at sustained plan-and-execute decision making across scenarios.
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Yuvion LLM: An Adversarially-Aware Large Language Model for Content And AI Safety
Yuvion LLM applies adversarially aware training and introduces the YLRE benchmark set, claiming superior safety robustness over larger models on multiple tasks.
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Scaling Retrieval-Augmented Reasoning with Parallel Search and Explicit Merging
MultiSearch uses parallel multi-query retrieval plus explicit merging inside a reinforcement-learning loop to improve retrieval-augmented reasoning, outperforming baselines on seven QA benchmarks.
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ViDR: Grounding Multimodal Deep Research Reports in Source Visual Evidence
ViDR treats source figures as retrievable and verifiable evidence objects in multimodal deep research reports and introduces MMR Bench+ to measure improvements in visual integration and verifiability.
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Towards On-Policy Data Evolution for Visual-Native Multimodal Deep Search Agents
Proposes image-bank harness and ODE closed-loop data generation to boost multimodal deep search agents, reporting average score gains from 24.9% to 39.0% on 8 benchmarks for 8B model and 30.6% to 41.5% for 30B.
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Mind DeepResearch Technical Report
MindDR combines a Planning Agent, DeepSearch Agent, and Report Agent with SFT cold-start, Search-RL, Report-RL, and preference alignment to reach competitive scores on research benchmarks using 30B-scale models.
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Reward Hacking in the Era of Large Models: Mechanisms, Emergent Misalignment, Challenges
The paper introduces the Proxy Compression Hypothesis as a unifying framework explaining reward hacking in RLHF as an emergent result of compressing high-dimensional human objectives into proxy reward signals under optimization pressure.
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SimpleSearch-VL: A Simple Recipe for Multimodal Agentic Deep Search
SimpleSearch-VL improves Qwen3-VL multimodal agent baselines by 15.8-16 points on average using 7K total training examples and reaches parity with Gemini-3-Pro on the 30B variant.
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BioInsight: Multi-Agent Orchestration for Interactive Biomedical Knowledge Discovery
BioInsight is a multi-agent system that generates interactive, provenance-preserving biomedical evidence interfaces from disease names and protein data.
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Valley3: Scaling Omni Foundation Models for E-commerce
Valley3 is an omni MLLM for e-commerce that uses a four-stage pre-training pipeline plus post-training for controllable reasoning and agentic search, outperforming baselines on e-commerce benchmarks while staying competitive on general ones.
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MedXIAOHE: A Comprehensive Recipe for Building Medical MLLMs
MedXIAOHE is a medical MLLM that claims state-of-the-art benchmark performance through specialized pretraining to cover long-tail diseases and RL-based reasoning training.