Omni-DeepSearch is a 640-sample benchmark for audio-driven omni-modal search where the best model reaches only 43.44% accuracy, exposing bottlenecks in audio inference, tool use, and cross-modal reasoning.
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MiMo-V2-Flash Technical Report
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We present MiMo-V2-Flash, a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model with 309B total parameters and 15B active parameters, designed for fast, strong reasoning and agentic capabilities. MiMo-V2-Flash adopts a hybrid attention architecture that interleaves Sliding Window Attention (SWA) with global attention, with a 128-token sliding window under a 5:1 hybrid ratio. The model is pre-trained on 27 trillion tokens with Multi-Token Prediction (MTP), employing a native 32k context length and subsequently extended to 256k. To efficiently scale post-training compute, MiMo-V2-Flash introduces a novel Multi-Teacher On-Policy Distillation (MOPD) paradigm. In this framework, domain-specialized teachers (e.g., trained via large-scale reinforcement learning) provide dense and token-level reward, enabling the student model to perfectly master teacher expertise. MiMo-V2-Flash rivals top-tier open-weight models such as DeepSeek-V3.2 and Kimi-K2, despite using only 1/2 and 1/3 of their total parameters, respectively. During inference, by repurposing MTP as a draft model for speculative decoding, MiMo-V2-Flash achieves up to 3.6 acceptance length and 2.6x decoding speedup with three MTP layers. We open-source both the model weights and the three-layer MTP weights to foster open research and community collaboration.
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- abstract We present MiMo-V2-Flash, a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model with 309B total parameters and 15B active parameters, designed for fast, strong reasoning and agentic capabilities. MiMo-V2-Flash adopts a hybrid attention architecture that interleaves Sliding Window Attention (SWA) with global attention, with a 128-token sliding window under a 5:1 hybrid ratio. The model is pre-trained on 27 trillion tokens with Multi-Token Prediction (MTP), employing a native 32k context length and subsequently extended to 256k. To efficiently scale post-training compute, MiMo-V2-Flash introduces a novel Multi-Teach
co-cited works
years
2026 53representative citing papers
OmniOPD replaces token-level logit matching in on-policy distillation with Monte Carlo chunk-level semantic verification and a peak-entropy scheduler.
GRASP aggregates stable local LLM interaction judgments into global argument rankings via a convergent attack-defense propagation operator on interaction graphs, yielding higher reproducibility than holistic judging and no correlation with human convincingness.
Decoupling prefix source from token-level KL direction in autoregressive sequence KL yields four objectives unifying SFT, DAgger, offline RL and OPD, with KL mixing and entropy-gated curriculum improving math reasoning accuracy and shortening responses.
Distillation signals align better with ideal updates on incorrect student rollouts than correct ones, with optimal teacher context depending on student capacity and task.
EntCollabBench shows that today's LLM agents still struggle with delegation, context transfer, parameter grounding, workflow closure, and decision commitment when tested in a simulated enterprise with 11 role-specialized agents.
OPHSD uses harness-augmented models as teachers to distill reasoning capabilities into base LLMs, yielding strong standalone performance on classification and math tasks.
GameGen-Verifier decomposes game specifications into keypoints, injects runtime states for targeted checks, and achieves 92.2% accuracy on 100 games while running up to 16.6x faster than agent-based baselines.
Rubric-based on-policy distillation allows training student models using only teacher responses by generating scoring rubrics from contrasts and using them for on-policy optimization, achieving superior performance and up to 10x better sample efficiency than logit-based approaches.
The first survey on Attention Sink in Transformers structures the literature around fundamental utilization, mechanistic interpretation, and strategic mitigation.
OPD for LLMs suffers length inflation and repetition collapse; StableOPD uses reference divergence and rollout mixing to prevent it and improve math reasoning performance by 7.2% on average.
SalesLLM provides an automatic evaluation framework for LLM sales dialogues that correlates 0.98 with human experts and shows top models approaching human performance while weaker ones lag.
DetailVerifyBench supplies 1,000 images and densely annotated long captions to evaluate precise hallucination localization in multimodal large language models.
RLSD mixes self-distillation for token-level policy difference magnitudes with RLVR for reliable update directions from response correctness to reach higher convergence and better training stability.
A single LLM improves its own reasoning by self-distilling from privileged verified traces as teacher to its question-only student policy, outperforming off-policy distillation and RL on math benchmarks with better token efficiency.
Position bias in on-policy distillation degrades later-token supervision; IW-OPD weights tokens by accumulated discrepancy, yielding faster convergence and up to 6.9 point gains on AIME-2025.
ConSA learns FA/SWA allocation via L0 masks and augmented Lagrangian constraints, outperforming rule-based baselines on 0.6B and 1.7B models with consistent layer patterns.
CoRP consolidates reward-weighted perturbations into a single model via low-rank structure, improving base LLMs by 8.1 points on average while using one-tenth the budget of prior ensembles and one forward pass.
DeepSurvey introduces an agentic system for automated survey generation that improves depth through full-text keynotes, cross-paper clustering, and code analysis, while boosting citation reliability via graph expansion, hybrid filtering, and evidence-constrained assignment, with reported gains over
A multi-teacher distillation framework that packs 50 effect LoRAs and fast sampling into a single adapter while aiming to avoid concept interference.
Presents Hack-Verifiable TextArena, a benchmark that embeds verifiable reward hacking opportunities into environments to enable deterministic measurement of exploitation by language models.
SSOPD converts intra-group correct-wrong contrast into process supervision by distilling a teacher distribution from the shortest correct completion into prefixes of the longest wrong completion, improving GRPO on AIME and HMMT benchmarks.
RESD turns failure trajectories into token-level supervision via retrospective reflections and a persistent global playbook, enabling faster improvement than standard self-distillation or GRPO with only one rollout per prompt.
Missing old logits in async agentic RL entangle discrepancy and staleness terms in PPO off-policy correction; exact acquisition methods and revised PPO-EWMA restore decoupled updates with reported gains in speed and performance.
citing papers explorer
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OmniOPD: Logit-Free On-Policy Distillation via Speculative Verification
OmniOPD replaces token-level logit matching in on-policy distillation with Monte Carlo chunk-level semantic verification and a peak-entropy scheduler.
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GRASP: Deterministic argument ranking in interaction graphs
GRASP aggregates stable local LLM interaction judgments into global argument rankings via a convergent attack-defense propagation operator on interaction graphs, yielding higher reproducibility than holistic judging and no correlation with human convincingness.
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Decoupling KL and Trajectories: A Unified Perspective for SFT, DAgger, Offline RL, and OPD in LLM Distillation
Decoupling prefix source from token-level KL direction in autoregressive sequence KL yields four objectives unifying SFT, DAgger, offline RL and OPD, with KL mixing and entropy-gated curriculum improving math reasoning accuracy and shortening responses.
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Unmasking On-Policy Distillation: Where It Helps, Where It Hurts, and Why
Distillation signals align better with ideal updates on incorrect student rollouts than correct ones, with optimal teacher context depending on student capacity and task.
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GameGen-Verifier: Parallel Keypoint-Based Verification for LLM-Generated Games via Runtime State Injection
GameGen-Verifier decomposes game specifications into keypoints, injects runtime states for targeted checks, and achieves 92.2% accuracy on 100 games while running up to 16.6x faster than agent-based baselines.
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Rubric-based On-policy Distillation
Rubric-based on-policy distillation allows training student models using only teacher responses by generating scoring rubrics from contrasts and using them for on-policy optimization, achieving superior performance and up to 10x better sample efficiency than logit-based approaches.
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Attention Sink in Transformers: A Survey on Utilization, Interpretation, and Mitigation
The first survey on Attention Sink in Transformers structures the literature around fundamental utilization, mechanistic interpretation, and strategic mitigation.
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Self-Distilled RLVR
RLSD mixes self-distillation for token-level policy difference magnitudes with RLVR for reliable update directions from response correctness to reach higher convergence and better training stability.
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Self-Distilled Reasoner: On-Policy Self-Distillation for Large Language Models
A single LLM improves its own reasoning by self-distilling from privileged verified traces as teacher to its question-only student policy, outperforming off-policy distillation and RL on math benchmarks with better token efficiency.
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On the Position Bias of On-Policy Distillation
Position bias in on-policy distillation degrades later-token supervision; IW-OPD weights tokens by accumulated discrepancy, yielding faster convergence and up to 6.9 point gains on AIME-2025.
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Hack-Verifiable Environments: Towards Evaluating Reward Hacking at Scale
Presents Hack-Verifiable TextArena, a benchmark that embeds verifiable reward hacking opportunities into environments to enable deterministic measurement of exploitation by language models.
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Self-Supervised On-Policy Distillation for Reasoning Language Models
SSOPD converts intra-group correct-wrong contrast into process supervision by distilling a teacher distribution from the shortest correct completion into prefixes of the longest wrong completion, improving GRPO on AIME and HMMT benchmarks.
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Learning with Rare Success but Rich Feedback via Reflection-Enhanced Self-Distillation
RESD turns failure trajectories into token-level supervision via retrospective reflections and a persistent global playbook, enabling faster improvement than standard self-distillation or GRPO with only one rollout per prompt.
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Missing Old Logits in Asynchronous Agentic RL: Semantic Mismatch and Repair Methods for Off-Policy Correction
Missing old logits in async agentic RL entangle discrepancy and staleness terms in PPO off-policy correction; exact acquisition methods and revised PPO-EWMA restore decoupled updates with reported gains in speed and performance.
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Anti-Self-Distillation for Reasoning RL via Pointwise Mutual Information
Anti-Self-Distillation reverses self-distillation signals via PMI to fix overconfidence on structural tokens, matching GRPO baseline accuracy 2-10x faster with up to 11.5 point gains across 4B-30B models.
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An Information-Theoretic Criterion for Efficient Data Synthesis
Synthetic data improves models only in information-open generation-training loops with external signals, and coarser signals like binary correctness enable better generalization by converging to the most information-efficient component.
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Uni-OPD: Unifying On-Policy Distillation with a Dual-Perspective Recipe
Uni-OPD unifies on-policy distillation across LLMs and MLLMs with dual-perspective strategies that promote student exploration and enforce order-consistent teacher supervision based on outcome rewards.
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Multilingual Safety Alignment via Self-Distillation
MSD enables cross-lingual safety transfer in LLMs via self-distillation with Dual-Perspective Safety Weighting, improving safety in low-resource languages without target response data.
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Co-Evolving Policy Distillation
CoPD integrates multiple expert capabilities by running parallel RLVR training with bidirectional online policy distillation among experts, outperforming mixed RLVR and sequential OPD while surpassing domain-specific experts on text-image-video reasoning.
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Rethinking On-Policy Distillation of Large Language Models: Phenomenology, Mechanism, and Recipe
On-policy distillation works when student and teacher models share thinking patterns and the teacher adds new capabilities, with success tied to alignment on a small set of high-probability tokens.
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Lightning OPD: Efficient Post-Training for Large Reasoning Models with Offline On-Policy Distillation
Lightning OPD is an offline on-policy distillation method that matches standard OPD performance at 4x efficiency by enforcing teacher consistency between SFT and distillation phases.
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How Transformers Learn to Plan via Multi-Token Prediction
Multi-token prediction induces a two-stage reverse reasoning process in Transformers via gradient decoupling, improving planning on synthetic and realistic tasks.
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Learning beyond Teacher: Generalized On-Policy Distillation with Reward Extrapolation
Generalized on-policy distillation with reward scaling above one (ExOPD) lets student models surpass teacher performance when merging domain experts on math and code tasks.
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One-Way Policy Optimization for Self-Evolving LLMs
OWPO decouples optimization direction from magnitude via asymmetric reweighting (Accelerated Alignment for inferior deviations, Gain Locking for superior) plus iterative references to create a ratchet effect for continuous LLM improvement.
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$\boldsymbol{f}$-OPD: Stabilizing Long-Horizon On-Policy Distillation with Freshness-Aware Control
f-OPD decomposes on-policy distillation drift into rollout and supervision components, then applies a sample-level freshness score to adaptively limit stale data influence and stabilize long-horizon agent training.
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Beyond GRPO and On-Policy Distillation: An Empirical Sparse-to-Dense Reward Principle for Language-Model Post-Training
Sparse rewards on capable teachers for exploration followed by dense distillation to students outperforms direct sparse reward application like GRPO on the deployment model.
- A Survey of On-Policy Distillation for Large Language Models