Extreme z>3 emission-line ratios are reproduced only by combining harder ionizing spectra, ionization parameters from massive star clusters, and enhanced nitrogen abundances.
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In the IllustrisTNG model, CGM gas around z=1 galaxies mixes quickly and separates into cold inner and warm-hot outer phases within 500 Myr due to feedback, with kinematic decorrelation over 400 Myr and ion-specific phases lasting different durations.
IllustrisTNG yields γ=2.23±0.20 for luminosity density evolution that explains the Tolman and distance-duality test signals in standard cosmology.
A homogenized ICL definition applied to Horizon-AGN, TNG100, Gizmo-Simba and Hydrangea yields consistent z=0 fractions of 0.1-0.2 with no significant redshift evolution and dominant contributions from satellites of 10^10.5-10^11.5 solar masses.
A six-parameter function of peak height ν, power spectrum slope n_eff, and growth rate α_eff accurately describes median halo mass accretion rates from simulations in ΛCDM and Einstein-de Sitter cosmologies at z=0-14.
A simulation-based procedure for cluster strong lensing that remaps uniform boxes and traces rays through resolved particles, finding uncorrelated line-of-sight structure shifts images by arcseconds and changes critical areas by 16+20-14 percent at zs=4.
TNG50 MW analogues reproduce global soft X-ray luminosity, inner surface brightness, emission measure and O VII absorption but show too-steep radial decline in X-ray brightness and 65% lower O VIII absorption than observed, indicating overly central feedback.
SHAMe-SF modeling of small-scale DESI ELG clustering delivers 6% precision on σ8 and Ωm h², matching full DR1 results with 1% volume.
Machine learning on cosmological simulations achieves 91-94% accuracy classifying over-massive versus under-massive SMBH growth regimes from LSST photometry, with 83-89% cross-simulation transfer accuracy driven primarily by host galaxy colors.
Milky Way-mass dark matter density profiles in IllustrisTNG are largely insensitive to astrophysics and cosmology variations, dominated by halo-to-halo variance instead.
Stable mass transfer produces two distinct peaks in merging binary black hole primary mass and mass ratio distributions via mass ratio reversal under conservative mass transfer.
TNG50 simulation analysis finds early-forming halos show higher stellar mass, metallicity, lower CGM gas mass and sSFR at z=0, with mass-dependent CGM metallicity reversal and cold-gas kinematics differences.
Presents 24 AREPO+IllustrisTNG zoom-in simulations of clusters above 10^15 solar masses showing converged magnetic fields with volume-averaged plasma beta approximately 100 inside R200 after z~1.2, declining Faraday rotation profiles, and intermittent Braginskii heating approaching cooling rates in
The TNG SAM reproduces TNG hydro simulation gas and metal flows plus galaxy and halo properties within 30% accuracy out to z=6 via five targeted updates to the Santa Cruz SAM calibrated on stellar feedback-dominated galaxies.
Barred galaxies transition from actively star-forming at z~1-2 to quiescent at z~0, with the fraction of quiescent galaxies hosting bars increasing steeply over cosmic time.
PRFM-vol and PRFM-int subgrid models, calibrated from TIGRESS, produce shorter gas depletion times than IllustrisTNG and match TIGRESS star formation rates at high resolution while remaining robust at lower resolutions.
TNG100 and EAGLE hydrodynamical simulations underproduce faint compact galaxies at z>3 relative to CANDELS observations even after forward modeling and completeness corrections, with the mismatch linked to both detection effects and simulation physics.
IllustrisTNG simulations indicate galactic disk precession is common, driven by external tidal torques within 30 kpc, inducing warps and influencing evolution at all redshifts.
A large collaboration compiles and compares merger rate predictions for massive black holes across multiple galaxy formation models to forecast LISA detections and quantify uncertainties.
TNG50 shows most massive high-z star-forming galaxies are dynamically hotter than ALMA data indicate, with rare cold discs forming from aligned accretion and evolving into one-third discs and two-thirds early-type galaxies by z=0.
Galaxy properties in IllustrisTNG form a continuum across the multiscale caustic skeleton, with formation time of web components influencing colors and star formation activity.
Globular cluster mass fractions, in-situ fractions, metallicity spreads, and spatial profiles in simulated compact galaxies can identify massive relic analogs with early assembly histories.
Satellite abundance is higher in filaments than the field by factors of 1.9-3.5, but reduced up to 79% after halo mass matching and further suppressed by dark matter tracer choice in IllustrisTNG.
A machine learning model trained on IllustrisTNG predicts galaxy baryonic properties from dark matter subhalo features, producing a mock catalog for the A-SPEC survey that matches observed galaxy clustering.
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TNG SAM: Bridging Hydrodynamical Complexity and Semi-Analytic Efficiency to Model Galaxy Formation
The TNG SAM reproduces TNG hydro simulation gas and metal flows plus galaxy and halo properties within 30% accuracy out to z=6 via five targeted updates to the Santa Cruz SAM calibrated on stellar feedback-dominated galaxies.