A numerical polology sampler maps ghost- and tachyon-free regions of bosonic EFT coupling spaces and finds new particle branches, including a spin-one mode in general rank-2 tensor theories.
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General relativity as an effective field theory: The leading quantum corrections
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abstract
I describe the treatment of gravity as a quantum effective field theory. This allows a natural separation of the (known) low energy quantum effects from the (unknown) high energy contributions. Within this framework, gravity is a well behaved quantum field theory at ordinary energies. In studying the class of quantum corrections at low energy, the dominant effects at large distance can be isolated, as these are due to the propagation of the massless particles (including gravitons) of the theory and are manifested in the nonlocal/nonanalytic contributions to vertex functions and propagators. These leading quantum corrections are parameter-free and represent necessary consequences of quantum gravity. The methodology is illustrated by a calculation of the leading quantum corrections to the gravitational interaction of two heavy masses.
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representative citing papers
Non-quantized gravity models that preserve Galilean invariance and reproduce Newtonian interaction on average require a minimal noise injection to remain non-entangling.
In the Gravity from Entropy framework, spherically symmetric black holes acquire r^{-4} corrections to Schwarzschild geometry, with large-mass evaporation at constant rate -β/24 and intermediate-mass loss following the classical Hawking M^{-2} scaling.
Self-force theory is extended to compute merger and ringdown waveforms in beyond-GR black hole binaries under the extreme mass-ratio approximation, with first calculations of self-force corrections to the merger waveform.
Higher-curvature gravities are constructed in which both FLRW backgrounds and linearized scalar perturbations obey at most second-order differential equations.
Leading-order deviations from general relativity in scalar quasinormal modes of rotating black holes are computed numerically up to dimensionless spins of 0.99 in quadratic-curvature scalar-tensor theories.
UV divergences of one-loop primordial tensor and scalar spectra are absorbed by covariant and tadpole counterterms using only the universal WKB expansion of internal modes, yielding finite model-independent renormalized expressions.
Derives explicit expression for ω in the ω-effect from Takagi supermodes of a squeezed graviton bath produced by an axion cloud around a Kerr black hole.
At quadratic order in asymptotically safe gravity, the graviton propagator has a single pole at q²=0 with positive residue, no ghost poles, and yields a regular Newtonian potential at r=0.
Asymptotically safe gravitational form factors are obtained by integrating the proper-time flow to k=0; finite cutoff-independent results with 1/q² UV decay require selecting the non-Gaussian fixed point as UV boundary condition.
Neutron stars in quasi-topological gravity can be more compact than black holes and radially stable across several equations of state.
Collective excitations analogous to phonons are derived in quantum gravity condensates within a group field theory model, yielding leading beyond-mean-field corrections to emergent Friedmann dynamics.
Superradiant axion-like-particle clouds around rotating black holes can generate multimode squeezed graviton states with 10^6-10^7 correlated quanta showing polarization correlations and quantum-noise signatures potentially detectable by future interferometers.
Quadratic gravity with Weyl-squared and Ricci-squared terms produces PPN parameters that equal their GR values except for exponentially decaying corrections, with gamma identically 1 when the two mode masses are equal, yielding solar-system lower bounds m_R, m_W greater than or equal to 23 per AU.
Two-loop Yukawa corrections in de Sitter yield ⟨ϕ²⟩ ~ ln⁴a at late times, with a resummed expression that is bounded, decreases with larger Yukawa coupling, and implies a growing dynamical scalar mass.
Leading-order cubic-curvature corrections to scalar quasinormal modes of black holes with spins up to 0.99M are computed numerically for modes up to l=5 with relative errors below 10^{-4}.
Stiff-fluid reheating in Starobinsky inflation fits CMB+BAO at 1 sigma only if excluded by BBN radiation bounds, with remaining 2 sigma space testable by LISA, ET, DECIGO and BBO via blue-tilted GW spectrum.
Virtual graviton exchange between a photon and a high-spinning quantum rotor generates entanglement between photon degrees of freedom and rotor position, with prograde-retrograde motion yielding observable differences in linear entanglement entropy.
Classical part of 1-loop tensor power spectrum in de Sitter is IR divergent but cancels with vacuum part, enabling non-perturbative renormalization to extract unaffected physical information.
Tree-level amplitudes in agravity-coupled QED produce differential cross sections scaling universally as dσ/dΩ ∝ 1/s at ultra-Planckian energies across multiple channels.
Gravitational scalar production yields reheating-dependent constraints on dark matter scalars, with dilution preserving viability for k<4 low-temperature reheating and factorization in multi-stage cases.
Gauge dependence cancels in the one-loop effective scalar equation in de Sitter when all diagram contributions including external mode corrections are collected.
In the UV regime of Horava-Lifshitz gravity the Wheeler-DeWitt solutions suppress annihilation-to-nothing behavior for all examined spatial sections and cosmological constants.
Derives a relatively simple graviton propagator in de Sitter space for a one-parameter family of non-covariant gauges to enable gauge-dependence checks in loop computations.
citing papers explorer
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Numerical polology: towards next-generation model-building for cosmology
A numerical polology sampler maps ghost- and tachyon-free regions of bosonic EFT coupling spaces and finds new particle branches, including a spin-one mode in general rank-2 tensor theories.
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Minimal noise in non-quantized gravity
Non-quantized gravity models that preserve Galilean invariance and reproduce Newtonian interaction on average require a minimal noise injection to remain non-entangling.
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Spherically symmetric black holes in Gravity from Entropy and spontaneous emission
In the Gravity from Entropy framework, spherically symmetric black holes acquire r^{-4} corrections to Schwarzschild geometry, with large-mass evaporation at constant rate -β/24 and intermediate-mass loss following the classical Hawking M^{-2} scaling.
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Black hole mergers beyond general relativity: a self-force approach
Self-force theory is extended to compute merger and ringdown waveforms in beyond-GR black hole binaries under the extreme mass-ratio approximation, with first calculations of self-force corrections to the merger waveform.
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Cosmological higher-curvature gravities
Higher-curvature gravities are constructed in which both FLRW backgrounds and linearized scalar perturbations obey at most second-order differential equations.
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Quadratic gravity corrections to scalar QNMs of rapidly rotating black holes
Leading-order deviations from general relativity in scalar quasinormal modes of rotating black holes are computed numerically up to dimensionless spins of 0.99 in quadratic-curvature scalar-tensor theories.
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Background-independent one-loop renormalization of tensor and scalar primordial spectra
UV divergences of one-loop primordial tensor and scalar spectra are absorbed by covariant and tadpole counterterms using only the universal WKB expansion of internal modes, yielding finite model-independent renormalized expressions.
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The $\omega$-Effect from a Multimode Squeezed Graviton State
Derives explicit expression for ω in the ω-effect from Takagi supermodes of a squeezed graviton bath produced by an axion cloud around a Kerr black hole.
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The Graviton Propagator in Asymptotically Safe Gravity with Non-Local Form Factors
At quadratic order in asymptotically safe gravity, the graviton propagator has a single pole at q²=0 with positive residue, no ghost poles, and yields a regular Newtonian potential at r=0.
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Asymptotically Safe Gravitational Form Factors from the Proper-Time Flow Equation
Asymptotically safe gravitational form factors are obtained by integrating the proper-time flow to k=0; finite cutoff-independent results with 1/q² UV decay require selecting the non-Gaussian fixed point as UV boundary condition.
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Neutron stars more compact than black holes in quasi-topological gravity: Equilibrium configurations and radial stability
Neutron stars in quasi-topological gravity can be more compact than black holes and radially stable across several equations of state.
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Collective excitations in quantum gravity condensates
Collective excitations analogous to phonons are derived in quantum gravity condensates within a group field theory model, yielding leading beyond-mean-field corrections to emergent Friedmann dynamics.
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How Much Can Gravitons Be Squeezed?
Superradiant axion-like-particle clouds around rotating black holes can generate multimode squeezed graviton states with 10^6-10^7 correlated quanta showing polarization correlations and quantum-noise signatures potentially detectable by future interferometers.
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Parameterized Post-Newtonian Analysis of Quadratic Gravity and Solar System Constraints
Quadratic gravity with Weyl-squared and Ricci-squared terms produces PPN parameters that equal their GR values except for exponentially decaying corrections, with gamma identically 1 when the two mode masses are equal, yielding solar-system lower bounds m_R, m_W greater than or equal to 23 per AU.
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Yukawa scalar self energy at two loop and $\langle \phi^2 \rangle$ in the inflationary de Sitter spacetime
Two-loop Yukawa corrections in de Sitter yield ⟨ϕ²⟩ ~ ln⁴a at late times, with a resummed expression that is bounded, decreases with larger Yukawa coupling, and implies a growing dynamical scalar mass.
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Ringing of rapidly rotating black holes in effective field theory
Leading-order cubic-curvature corrections to scalar quasinormal modes of black holes with spins up to 0.99M are computed numerically for modes up to l=5 with relative errors below 10^{-4}.
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Reheating matters: Starobinsky inflation in light of joint CMB+BAO results and gravitational-wave forecasts
Stiff-fluid reheating in Starobinsky inflation fits CMB+BAO at 1 sigma only if excluded by BBN radiation bounds, with remaining 2 sigma space testable by LISA, ET, DECIGO and BBO via blue-tilted GW spectrum.
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Graviton-mediated entanglement due to light bending from a quantum rotor
Virtual graviton exchange between a photon and a high-spinning quantum rotor generates entanglement between photon degrees of freedom and rotor position, with prograde-retrograde motion yielding observable differences in linear entanglement entropy.
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Matching second-order classical and 1-loop quantum tensor power spectra in de Sitter spacetime
Classical part of 1-loop tensor power spectrum in de Sitter is IR divergent but cancels with vacuum part, enabling non-perturbative renormalization to extract unaffected physical information.
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Scattering amplitudes in dimensionless quadratic gravity coupled to QED
Tree-level amplitudes in agravity-coupled QED produce differential cross sections scaling universally as dσ/dΩ ∝ 1/s at ultra-Planckian energies across multiple channels.
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Gravitational scalar production with a generic reheating scenario
Gravitational scalar production yields reheating-dependent constraints on dark matter scalars, with dilution preserving viability for k<4 low-temperature reheating and factorization in multi-stage cases.
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Cancellation of one-parameter graviton gauge dependence in the effective scalar field equation in de Sitter
Gauge dependence cancels in the one-loop effective scalar equation in de Sitter when all diagram contributions including external mode corrections are collected.
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Ultraviolet Behavior of the Wheeler-DeWitt Equation in Horava-Lifshitz Gravity
In the UV regime of Horava-Lifshitz gravity the Wheeler-DeWitt solutions suppress annihilation-to-nothing behavior for all examined spatial sections and cosmological constants.
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Graviton propagator in de Sitter space in a simple one-parameter gauge
Derives a relatively simple graviton propagator in de Sitter space for a one-parameter family of non-covariant gauges to enable gauge-dependence checks in loop computations.
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FeynGrav 4.0
FeynGrav 4.0 adds a finite BRST ghost-graviton interaction set for GR and quadratic gravity plus Cheung-Remmen polynomial variables that also yield finite rules.
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The Spectrum of Quantum Gravity
Higher-order curvature operators like R□R add new poles and shift existing ones in the graviton propagator, with a method to correctly derive the Einstein frame action illustrated for f(R) gravity.
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Canonical quantization of all minisuperspaces with consistent symmetry reductions
All minisuperspaces from symmetry reductions of the Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian that obey the principle of symmetric criticality are canonically quantized and their Wheeler-DeWitt equations are solved.
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Quantum gravitational contrast in creating Schr\"odinger cat state
A matter-wave interferometer with a Schrödinger cat state displaces the graviton vacuum into coherent states, with the left-right overlap providing a gravitational contrast that quantifies entanglement between matter and the quantized gravitational field.
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Numerical Investigations of Stable Dynamics in the Presence of Ghosts
Numerical simulations show ghost-normal scalar systems can remain dynamically bounded for long times when initial data is ultraviolet-dominated and low-amplitude, with some nonlinear potentials creating transient metastable states.
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Photon Surfaces in Higher-Curvature Gravity: Implications for Quasinormal Modes and Gravitational Lensing
For a cubic-plus-quartic curvature EFT, photon-sphere and strong-lensing observables shift at first order in the couplings, but the impact-parameter formula is dimensionally wrong and the gravitational-wave QNM prediction is unproven.
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Gauge-independent approach to inflation in quadratic gravity
Apparent exponential growth of metric perturbations in the Newtonian gauge for quadratic-gravity inflation is gauge-dependent and non-generic; other gauges remain well-behaved.
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Finite Hilbert space and maximum mass of Schwarzschild black holes from a Generalized Uncertainty Principle
GUP with minimal length and maximal momentum applied to Schwarzschild black holes yields finite discrete mass spectrum, maximum mass, and constrains the GUP parameter to β ≲ 10^{-98} from astrophysical data.
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Polarization-Dependent Photon Propagation, Quasinormal Modes, and Gravitational Lensing in Higher-Curvature Effective Theories
Higher-curvature corrections induce polarization-dependent effective metrics for photons that shift photon spheres, alter eikonal quasinormal modes, and modify deflection angles in static spherically symmetric backgrounds.
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Running Vacuum in the expanding Universe: a unified QFT paradigm for Inflation and Dark Energy
QFT in FLRW spacetime yields a running vacuum energy density ρ_vac(H) that unifies mild dynamical dark energy today with H^4 inflation without an inflaton field.
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The Saddle Point of Everything
The inverted harmonic oscillator and its dual are argued to underpin a unique unitary renormalizable quantum gravity in four dimensions, yielding a non-singular universe and Starobinsky inflation.
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The most general four-derivative Unitary String Effective Action with Torsion and Stringy-Running-Vacuum-Model Inflation: Old ideas from a modern perspective
Unitarity and torsion requirements in (3+1)-dimensional string effective actions introduce only a subleading four-derivative term that leaves the StRVM inflationary dynamics unchanged, confirming the model's phenomenological completeness within string theory.
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Particle seismology: mechanical and gravitational properties from parton-hadron duality
A hadronic approach based on dispersion relations and meson dominance achieves a successful description of lattice QCD data for gravitational form factors of pions and nucleons.
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Love numbers of black holes and compact objects
A pedagogical review of Love numbers and tidal responses for black holes and compact objects in general relativity and extensions.
- Probing Effective Field Theory Corrections with Quasinormal Modes and Gravitational Lensing in Reissner-Nordstr\"om Black Holes