FigSIM is the first annotated dataset for fine-grained suicide severity and figurative language in suicide memes, accompanied by benchmarks on 16 unimodal and multimodal models.
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BERT : Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding
Mixed citation behavior. Most common role is background (68%).
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- background The retrieval system only manages to fetch informationabout Fleming's professional achievements in the discoveryof penicillin. However, the document does not provide informa-tion about his educational background, thus the model generates ahallucinatory answer. inappropriately activated, blindly retrieving inaccurate information and consequently leading to an undesirable response. Consequently, several studies [75, 204, 228, 378] have proposed to make a shift from passive retrieval to adaptive re
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Gaussian distributions are invariant under the mean-field Transformer flow, reducing infinite-dimensional dynamics to a bilinear control system on mean and covariance with explicit reachability and stability results.
QSTRBench is a new benchmark evaluating LLMs on compositional reasoning, converse relations, and conceptual neighbourhoods across QSTR calculi including a newly published RCC-22 CN, showing models exceed chance but fail to achieve consistent correctness.
Promptbreeder evolves both task prompts and the mutation prompts that improve them using LLMs, outperforming Chain-of-Thought and Plan-and-Solve on arithmetic and commonsense reasoning benchmarks.
Factual associations in autoregressive transformers are localized to mid-layer feed-forward modules and can be edited via rank-one model editing while preserving both specificity and generalization on counterfactual tests.
SimCSE achieves 76.3% unsupervised and 81.6% supervised Spearman's correlation on STS tasks with BERT-base, improving prior best results by 4.2% and 2.2% via simple contrastive learning.
SpheRoPE modifies rotary position embeddings in diffusion transformers to enforce spherical topology for zero-shot 360 panorama generation across multiple backbones.
A systematic analysis of evaluation practices in multimedia event extraction reveals that minor methodological choices cause large performance swings and overestimation of cross-modal grounding ability.
Semantic geometry emerges transiently early in next-token prediction training before collapsing to Neural Collapse symmetry in synthetic settings with latent semantic factors.
Graph random walks provide a verifiable sandbox for diagnosing parallel samplers in masked diffusion models, showing performance depends on graph structure and introducing a new exact bisection sampler.
SciTraj is the first claim-grounded typed citation graph with 32,559 papers and 573,126 edges across six relation types, plus a temporally split link-prediction benchmark.
OVIG introduces an optimistic gradient-based verification framework for outsourced AI post-training that uses stride-sampled interval checks against an honest-replay boundary to achieve 0% attack success rate with low overhead.
Large Language Gibbs uses LLM next-token conditionals as MCMC transition operators for iterative resampling of structured variables, aiming to produce a stationary distribution that compromises across all local conditionals.
CheckMIABench converts LLMs with intermediate checkpoints into clean MIA testbeds by using pre- and post-checkpoint training data from the same distribution and evaluates published attacks on Pythia and OLMo models while releasing an open-source library.
Introduces applicability condition extraction for therapeutic drug-disease relations, creates first annotated dataset of 1,119 pairs, and proposes enhanced LoRA method outperforming baselines.
AfriSUD supplies new SUD-annotated dependency treebanks for nine Sub-Saharan African languages and demonstrates that existing models exhibit clear limitations on their syntax.
WorldReasoner supplies 345 resolved forecasting tasks built from 14,141 articles to score LM agents on outcome quality, evidence quality, and reasoning quality against time-bounded evidence and hindsight graphs.
Continuous language diffusion works by entering high-margin decoder basins where frozen T5 embeddings recover 93-96% of native decisions and linear readouts reach 97.9% agreement, implying models should be evaluated as representation-decoder systems.
An adaptive two-phase semantic filter using clustering then a hybrid proxy trained on LLM confidence achieves 1.6-2.0x speedup over prior methods at 90% accuracy on 10K document corpora.
Structurally distinct circuits for literal sequence copying across token frequency bands implement the same computation, shown by broad transfer of band-specific edges, a shared core recovering 99% performance, and interchangeable representations via causal interventions.
A cycle-consistent MT pipeline generates and similarity-weights training data for coreference resolution, producing gains on four low-resource languages and enabling the task where no corpora existed.
ClinicalMC is a benchmark of 1,275 Chinese and 5,804 English multi-course clinical samples across four stages, evaluated via a multi-agent framework on closed-source, open-source, and medical LLMs in static and dynamic settings.
Introduces EURO-5K dataset from 136 EU acts and benchmarks full fine-tuning vs QLoRA for BERT and LLM models on reporting obligation extraction, reporting 0.89 F1 with limited gains from legal pretraining except under parameter-efficient adaptation.
Introduces coherence as a topological constraint on representations and the Coh objective to enforce geometric clustering for interpretability in neural networks.
citing papers explorer
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More Context, Larger Models, or Moral Knowledge? A Systematic Study of Schwartz Value Detection in Political Texts
Context and retrieved moral knowledge improve sentence-level Schwartz value detection more consistently than model scaling, with early-fusion RAG outperforming other variants in matched comparisons.
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Scene Abstraction for Lexical Semantics: Structured Representations of Situated Meaning
Scene Abstraction framework builds structured scene representations for lexical meaning via LLM prompting, with COCA-Scenes dataset and human experiments showing 82.4% identification accuracy and 86.4% preference over ATOMIC baselines.
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How Many Different Outputs Can a Transformer Generate?
Transformers are limited to a linearly growing number of accessible output sequences with prompt length, with exponential decay in accessible proportion beyond a critical point, even under unbounded context.
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TextTeacher: What Can Language Teach About Images?
TextTeacher uses frozen text embeddings from captions as semantic anchors to guide vision model training, improving ImageNet accuracy by up to 2.7 p.p. and transfer performance by 1.0 p.p. on average.
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Single-Pass, Depth-Selective Reading for Multi-Aspect Sentiment Analysis
DABS is a single-pass framework that builds a depth-ordered substrate from one Transformer encoding and performs lightweight aspect-conditioned readout, cutting computation by up to 60% on multi-aspect ATSA benchmarks while matching prior accuracy.
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CLIF: Concept-Level Influence Functions for Transparent Bottleneck Models
CLIF applies influence functions to pinpoint influential samples and concepts in CBMs on CEBaB and Yelp datasets, enabling performance restoration via adjustments without retraining.
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Understanding Wacky Weights: A Dissection of SPLADE's Learned Term Importance
SPLADE models produce wacky expansion terms whose prevalence rises with larger vocabularies and falls with stricter sparsity; these terms primarily aid in-domain retrieval rather than out-of-domain generalization.
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Geometric Prototype Learning in Quantum Hilbert Space with Matrix Product States
A quantum prototype learning scheme encodes class representatives as generative matrix product states and performs classification and clustering via geometric measures in Hilbert space, outperforming classical prototypes on Fashion-MNIST and ECG data.
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Structure-Aware Masking for Protein Representation Learning
Bucket Masking improves protein fitness prediction by up to 14% over random masking by preferentially masking structurally coupled residue groups on four downstream tasks.
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MiVE: Multiscale Vision-language features for reference-guided video Editing
MiVE repurposes VLMs as multiscale feature extractors integrated into a unified self-attention Diffusion Transformer for reference-guided video editing, claiming top human preference scores over prior methods.
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Analogical Trajectory Transfer
A method transfers trajectories across 3D scenes by clustering objects, predicting hierarchical smooth maps from foundation model features, assembling them combinatorially, and refining for coherence.
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Precise Verification of Transformers through ReLU-Catalyzed Abstraction Refinement
A ReLU-catalyzed abstraction method yields tighter bounds for transformer verification by converting dot-product constraints into ReLU forms that leverage standard convex relaxations.
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Polar probe linearly decodes semantic structures from LLMs
LLMs represent semantic relations geometrically via embedding distance and direction; a linear Polar Probe decodes these structures from middle-layer activations and generalizes to new entities.
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GESR: A Genetic Programming-Based Symbolic Regression Method with Gene Editing
GESR uses two BERT models to intelligently direct mutations and crossovers inside genetic programming, yielding higher efficiency and competitive accuracy on symbolic regression benchmarks.
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An Annotation Scheme and Classifier for Personal Facts in Dialogue
An extended annotation scheme with new categories and attributes plus a Gemma-300M-based multi-head classifier achieves 81.6% macro F1 on personal fact classification, outperforming few-shot LLM baselines by nearly 9 points with lower compute.
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When Reviews Disagree: Fine-Grained Contradiction Analysis in Scientific Peer Reviews
Introduces RevCI benchmark and IMPACT multi-agent framework for evidence-level contradiction detection and graded intensity scoring in peer reviews, distilled into efficient TIDE model.
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Molecules Meet Language: Confound-Aware Representation Learning and Chemical Property Steering in Transformer-VAE Latent Spaces
Chemically meaningful steering for properties like cLogP and TPSA emerges in entangled Transformer-VAE latent spaces only after controlling for SELFIES representation confounds through residualization and decoded traversals.
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A Unified Benchmark for Evaluating Knowledge Graph Construction Methods and Graph Neural Networks
A dual-purpose benchmark supplies two text-derived knowledge graphs and one expert reference graph on the same biomedical corpus to jointly measure construction method quality and GNN robustness via semi-supervised node classification.
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Perturbation is All You Need for Extrapolating Language Models
Perturbing prefixes to semantic neighbors during training creates a hierarchical noise model that improves language model predictions on token sequences outside the training corpus support.
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Skipping the Zeros in Diffusion Models for Sparse Data Generation
SED modifies diffusion models to skip zeros during training and inference, preserving sparsity patterns while claiming computational savings and comparable or better generation quality on benchmarks.
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Verbal-R3: Verbal Reranker as the Missing Bridge between Retrieval and Reasoning
Verbal-R3 uses a verbal reranker to generate analytic narratives that guide retrieval and reasoning in LLMs, achieving SOTA results on complex QA benchmarks.
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Compared to What? Baselines and Metrics for Counterfactual Prompting
Counterfactual prompting effects on LLMs are often indistinguishable from those caused by meaning-preserving paraphrases, causing most previously reported demographic sensitivities to disappear under proper statistical comparison.
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Kernel Affine Hull Machines as Compute-Efficient Encoders for Frozen Semantic Spaces
KAHM yields a compute-efficient query encoder that outperforms matched learned adapters in reconstructing a frozen Mixedbread embedding space on an Austrian-law retrieval task while delivering an 8.53x CPU speedup.
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Beyond Decodability: Reconstructing Language Model Representations with an Encoding Probe
An encoding probe reconstructs transformer representations from acoustic, phonetic, syntactic, lexical and speaker features, showing independent syntactic/lexical contributions and training-dependent speaker effects.
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PrismAgent: Illuminating Harm in Memes via a Zero-Shot Interpretable Multi-Agent Framework
PrismAgent deploys four specialized LLM agents in sequence to analyze meme intent, gather context, make preliminary judgments, and deliver a final harm verdict, outperforming prior zero-shot methods on three public datasets.
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InvEvolve: Evolving White-Box Inventory Policies via Large Language Models with Performance Guarantees
InvEvolve evolves inventory policies using LLMs with RL and provides statistical safety guarantees, outperforming classical and DL methods on synthetic and real data.
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Polaris: Coupled Orbital Polar Embeddings for Hierarchical Concept Learning
Polaris separates semantic meaning from hierarchical structure in embeddings via angular geometry and radius on a hypersphere, yielding up to 19-point gains in taxonomy expansion retrieval over baselines.
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Cultural Benchmarking of LLMs in Standard and Dialectal Arabic Dialogues
ArabCulture-Dialogue dataset shows LLMs perform worse on dialectal Arabic than Modern Standard Arabic across cultural reasoning, translation, and generation tasks.
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A Survey of Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval: Progress and Challenges
A survey that categorizes RIR benchmarks by domain and modality, proposes a taxonomy for integrating reasoning into retrieval pipelines, and outlines key challenges.
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Structural Generalization on SLOG without Hand-Written Rules
A neural cellular automaton learns compositional rules from data alone to achieve structural generalization on the SLOG semantic parsing benchmark, reaching 67.3% accuracy and fully succeeding on 11 of 17 categories.
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GLIER: Generative Legal Inference and Evidence Ranking for Legal Case Retrieval
GLIER reformulates legal case retrieval as generative inference over latent legal variables like charges and elements, then fuses generative, structural, and lexical signals, outperforming baselines on LeCaRD datasets with strong performance at 10% training data.
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Empirical Insights of Test Selection Metrics under Multiple Testing Objectives and Distribution Shifts
A broad empirical benchmark shows how 15 existing test selection metrics perform for fault detection, performance estimation, and retraining under corrupted, adversarial, temporal, natural, and label shifts across image, text, and Android data.
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MiMIC: Mitigating Visual Modality Collapse in Universal Multimodal Retrieval While Avoiding Semantic Misalignment
MiMIC mitigates visual modality collapse and semantic misalignment in universal multimodal retrieval via fusion-in-decoder architecture and robust single-modality training.
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LLM Safety From Within: Detecting Harmful Content with Internal Representations
SIREN identifies safety neurons via linear probing on internal LLM layers and combines them with adaptive weighting to detect harm, outperforming prior guard models with 250x fewer parameters.
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Towards E-Value Based Stopping Rules for Bayesian Deep Ensembles
E-value sequential tests enable early stopping of MCMC sampling in Bayesian deep ensembles, often needing only a fraction of the full budget while improving over standard deep ensembles.
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Enhancing Reinforcement Learning for Radiology Report Generation with Evidence-aware Rewards and Self-correcting Preference Learning
ESC-RL improves RL for radiology reports via group-wise evidence-aware rewards (GEAR) and LLM-driven self-correcting preference learning (SPL), reaching state-of-the-art on two chest X-ray datasets.
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MetFuse: Figurative Fusion between Metonymy and Metaphor
MetFuse provides the first dataset of 1,000 meaning-aligned quadruplets fusing literal, metonymic, metaphoric, and hybrid sentences, which augments training to boost metonymy and metaphor classification performance on benchmarks.
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TSUBASA: Improving Long-Horizon Personalization via Evolving Memory and Self-Learning with Context Distillation
TSUBASA improves long-horizon personalization in LLMs via dynamic memory evolution for writing and context-distillation self-learning for reading, outperforming Mem0 and Memory-R1 on Qwen-3 benchmarks while reducing token use.
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SemLink: A Semantic-Aware Automated Test Oracle for Hyperlink Verification using Siamese Sentence-BERT
SemLink applies a Siamese SBERT model to detect semantic drift in hyperlinks, achieving 96% recall at 47.5 times the speed of GPT-5.2 using a new 60k-pair dataset.
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Content Fuzzing for Escaping Information Cocoons on Digital Social Media
ContentFuzz rewrites posts with LLM guidance from stance model confidence to flip machine labels without altering human intent, tested across four models and three datasets in two languages.
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One Model for All: Multi-Objective Controllable Language Models
Multi-Objective Control trains a single LLM as a preference-conditioned policy using multi-objective optimization in RLHF to produce outputs in user-specified regions of the Pareto front.
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Align then Train: Efficient Retrieval Adapter Learning
A two-stage adapter method aligns query and document embedding spaces to improve dense retrieval for complex queries using lightweight encoders and few labels.
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A Multi-head-based architecture for effective morphological tagging in Russian with open dictionary
A multi-head attention model for Russian morphological tagging supports open dictionaries via subtoken splitting and reports 98-99% accuracy on grammatical categories while running efficiently on consumer hardware.
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Predicting New Concept-Object Associations in Astronomy by Mining the Literature
Matrix factorization on a literature-mined concept-object graph predicts future associations in astronomy better than neighborhood similarity or recency heuristics.
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HyEm: Query-Adaptive Hyperbolic Retrieval for Biomedical Ontologies via Euclidean Vector Indexing
HyEm maps radius-controlled hyperbolic ontology embeddings to Euclidean space for ANN indexing and applies query-adaptive hyperbolic reranking to improve hierarchy-aware retrieval while preserving most Euclidean performance on flat queries.
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Fundamental Limitations of Favorable Privacy-Utility Guarantees for DP-SGD
Shuffled DP-SGD requires σ ≥ 1/√(2 ln M) or κ ≥ (1/√8)(1 - 1/√(4π ln M)) to limit adversarial advantage, preventing strong privacy and high utility simultaneously.
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World model inspired sarcasm reasoning with large language model agents
WM-SAR decomposes sarcasm into LLM-agent components, quantifies literal-normative inconsistency deterministically, and integrates it with intention via logistic regression to outperform prior sarcasm detectors on benchmarks.
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Fusion or Confusion? Multimodal Complexity Is Not All You Need
Complex multimodal architectures do not reliably outperform unimodal baselines or a simple multimodal baseline under standardized evaluation.
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PEFT-Bench: A Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning Methods Benchmark
PEFT-Bench is a standardized end-to-end benchmark for 7 PEFT methods across 27 NLP datasets on autoregressive LLMs, accompanied by the PSCP metric that penalizes based on trainable parameters, inference speed, and training memory.
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DELICATE: Diachronic Entity LInking using Classes And Temporal Evidence
DELICATE improves entity linking for historical Italian by integrating BERT with temporal plausibility and type consistency from Wikidata, outperforming larger models, and introduces the ENEIDE corpus.