Implements full-Stokes SGWB map-making for ground-based networks, applies to LVK O3 data, and constrains polarized angular spectra while showing intensity-only models can be biased.
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Detecting a stochastic background of gravitational radiation: Signal processing strategies and sensitivities
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abstract
We analyze the signal processing required for the optimal detection of a stochastic background of gravitational radiation using laser interferometric detectors. Starting with basic assumptions about the statistical properties of a stochastic gravity-wave background, we derive expressions for the optimal filter function and signal-to-noise ratio for the cross-correlation of the outputs of two gravity-wave detectors. Sensitivity levels required for detection are then calculated. Issues related to: (i) calculating the signal-to-noise ratio for arbitrarily large stochastic backgrounds, (ii) performing the data analysis in the presence of nonstationary detector noise, (iii) combining data from multiple detector pairs to increase the sensitivity of a stochastic background search, (iv) correlating the outputs of 4 or more detectors, and (v) allowing for the possibility of correlated noise in the outputs of two detectors are discussed. We briefly describe a computer simulation which mimics the generation and detection of a simulated stochastic gravity-wave signal in the presence of simulated detector noise. Numerous graphs and tables of numerical data for the five major interferometers (LIGO-WA, LIGO-LA, VIRGO, GEO-600, and TAMA-300) are also given. The treatment given in this paper should be accessible to both theorists involved in data analysis and experimentalists involved in detector design and data acquisition.
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representative citing papers
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Cross-correlating pulsar timing and polarimetry isolates the circular polarization of isotropic stochastic GW backgrounds and shares the Hellings-Downs angular pattern.
In pure axion inflation, detectable gravitational wave signals arise only in parameter regions with strong backreaction that violate the upper bound on ΔN_eff.
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A hierarchical Bayesian inference framework combining free-spectrum reconstruction with population-level likelihoods distinguishes finite SMBHB populations from Gaussian primordial GWB using mock PTA data.
Introduces a minimal quadratic statistic to isolate temporal correlations in intrinsic phase fluctuations of double white dwarf binaries and derives an analytic SNR scaling with total observation time and intrinsic correlation time.
Reformulation of frequency-domain narrowband cross-correlation estimators for SGWB searches provides new expressions for estimators and covariances, while showing that widely used prior expressions still yield correct posteriors and log-Bayes factors.
O4a gravitational-wave data give 95% CL upper limits f_PBH ~ 1e-2 to 1e-4 for monochromatic primordial black holes with mean masses 0.6-100 M_sun, with no evidence of a PBH merger component.
Schwinger fermion production in axion inflation damps gauge fields, enabling observable primordial gravitational waves in LISA/ET bands while satisfying ΔN_eff limits and identifying a new damped-oscillation backreaction regime.
High initial eccentricities in stellar-mass black hole binaries produce a stochastic gravitational wave background distinguishable by LISA from quasi-circular models, enabling upper bounds on eccentricity and separation of environmental effects for dense gas.
Domain wall annihilation imprints a two-peaked spectrum on induced gravitational waves via an early matter-dominated phase and entropy dilution.
Third-generation gravitational-wave detectors can constrain frequency-dependent beyond-GR waveform modifications in the stochastic background, but modified propagation effects remain degenerate with astrophysical population parameters.
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In pure axion inflation, detectable gravitational wave signals arise only in parameter regions with strong backreaction that violate the upper bound on ΔN_eff.
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New Sensitivity Curves for Gravitational-Wave Signals from Cosmological Phase Transitions
Defines peak-integrated sensitivity curves (PISCs) that fold in the expected spectral shape of gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions and supplies semianalytical fits plus public data for major detectors.
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Forecasting graviton-mass constraints from the full covariance of PTA-astrometry ORF estimators
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How lonely are the Binary Compact Objects Detected by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration?
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Detecting Chiral Gravitational Wave Background with a Dipole Pulsar Timing Array
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Signal-to-Noise Ratio Contours for LISA
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Population statistics of nanohertz gravitational wave sources
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Temporal Correlation Statistic for Intrinsic Phase Fluctuation in Double White Dwarf Gravitational-Wave Signals
Introduces a minimal quadratic statistic to isolate temporal correlations in intrinsic phase fluctuations of double white dwarf binaries and derives an analytic SNR scaling with total observation time and intrinsic correlation time.
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A thorough investigation of cross-correlation estimators for stochastic gravitational-wave background searches in ground-based detector data
Reformulation of frequency-domain narrowband cross-correlation estimators for SGWB searches provides new expressions for estimators and covariances, while showing that widely used prior expressions still yield correct posteriors and log-Bayes factors.
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Constraints on primordial black holes from the first part of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA fourth observing run
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Gravitational waves from axion inflation in the gradient expansion formalism. Part II. Fermionic axion inflation
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Implications of the LISA stochastic signal from eccentric stellar mass black hole binaries in vacuum
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Imprint of domain wall annihilation on induced gravitational waves
Domain wall annihilation imprints a two-peaked spectrum on induced gravitational waves via an early matter-dominated phase and entropy dilution.
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Modeling Uncertainties in Modified Gravity Predictions for the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background
Third-generation gravitational-wave detectors can constrain frequency-dependent beyond-GR waveform modifications in the stochastic background, but modified propagation effects remain degenerate with astrophysical population parameters.
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Primordial Black Hole from Tensor-induced Density Fluctuation: First-order Phase Transitions and Domain Walls
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Measuring gravitational wave spectrum from electroweak phase transition and Higgs self-couplings
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Sensitivity forecasts for gravitational-wave detectors to dark matter decaying into gravitons
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Impact of facility timing and coordination for next-generation gravitational-wave detectors
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