Four faint red point sources near critical curves in JWST images of Abell S1063 are interpreted as extremely magnified AGB stars and a yellow supergiant at cosmic noon.
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Older Upper Scorpius disks show reduced molecular emission and hints of higher inner-gas C/O ratios than young disks, indicating chemical evolution consistent with pebble drift.
JWST data on 3C305 shows the compact radio jet efficiently drives kiloparsec-scale multiphase outflows via shocks, with high coupling to the observed gas kinetic power and radiative losses.
Direct imaging over 11 years confirms β Pictoris d as a ~2.4 MJup, ~600 K bound companion at ~26 au, coplanar with b and c and consistent with sculpting the debris-disk inner edge.
JWST MIRI observations of 634 galaxies at 0.2<z<2 yield IR luminosity functions with faint-end slope α≈0.147, implying lower dust-obscured SFRD than previous ALMA/Herschel/Spitzer studies.
Four parameters suffice to describe dust attenuation curve diversity in TNG simulations, yielding a new symbolic-regression model that recovers curves and fluxes better than existing parameterizations while linking parameters to SFR surface density, metallicity, and geometry.
Detection of a stellar bar in the extreme gas-rich galaxy GN20 at z=4.055 shows that gas-rich disks support rapid bar formation in the early universe.
Direct [OIII]4364-based metallicities show that galaxies with stellar masses 10^6.7-9 solar masses at z~6-8 are 0.3-0.5 dex more metal-poor than local galaxies of the same mass, with slope 0.25 and 0.2 dex scatter.
457P shows dust activity without detectable H2O, CO, CO2, or CH3OH, with Q(H2O) < 2e24 molecules/s, indicating it may be more volatile-depleted than other main-belt comets.
A score-based diffusion generative model on deep infrared galaxy photometry yields a star formation rate density peaking at z=1.3 and shows distinct non-parametric star formation histories plus AGN activity peaking during the quenching transition of massive galaxies.
A data-driven model for periodic ADC integral nonlinearity in JWST/NIRISS is fitted to ramp residuals and applied to correct the ERS1366 WASP-39b transmission spectrum, reducing systematics at the 30ppm level.
New stack-based strong-line calibrations from ~1500 spectra yield mass-metallicity relations at z=1-10 with decreasing metallicity toward higher redshift and no slope change, plus 50 EMPG candidates at 1-4% solar metallicity showing large scatter and opposite sSFR trends.
A simulation-based inference method with Gaussian process emulators trained on 1300 kilonova simulations recovers parameters accurately and rapidly while avoiding MCMC biases from likelihood misspecification.
Lyα radiation pressure mildly reduces gas-to-star conversion efficiency in dense high-redshift clusters while dominating the launch of rapid outflows.
Massive galaxies at z>3.5 assembled stars earlier than theoretical models predict and exhibit gray dust attenuation, especially at the highest masses.
At z≈5–6, quasar clustering implies host dark matter halos of ~10^12 M_sun and duty cycles below ~1%, but the value depends strongly on the adopted quasar luminosity function.
Deep JWST spectroscopy of Maisie's Galaxy at z=11.4 reveals moderate star formation, metallicity, and ionization consistent with a typical galaxy on the early star-formation main sequence rather than an extreme source.
Analysis of JWST/NIRSpec Prism spectra for 25 z>=10 galaxies finds burstiness correlates with strong UV lines, short depletion times, and DLA-induced redshift biases of 0.39 and 0.14 with marginal impact on UV luminosity density.
Barred galaxies transition from actively star-forming at z~1-2 to quiescent at z~0, with the fraction of quiescent galaxies hosting bars increasing steeply over cosmic time.
Bayesian continuum fitting of 66 LRDs shows the BH* model fits ~6% best, rising to ~40% under AGN-disfavoring priors, with most objects stellar/AGN-dominated and possible evolutionary trends.
JWST spectra reveal that two z~7 galaxies already show near-solar iron-to-silicon ratios with no strong odd-even effect, favoring early Type Ia supernovae over pair-instability supernovae as the source of iron enrichment.
JWST spectroscopy reveals radio jets in nearby AGN drive multiphase ISM turbulence and shock-dominated H2 excitation both along and perpendicular to the jet direction.
JWST observations of 133P/Elst-Pizarro yield water outgassing rates of (1.9 ± 0.6) × 10^25 and (1.4 ± 0.4) × 10^25 molecules/s at true anomalies 8° and 37.4°, with hypervolatile depletion Q(CO2)/Q(H2O) < 0.009 and an average log(Afrho/Q(H2O)) = -24.6 ± 0.2 across three MBCs.
Multi-element Bayesian modeling of 23 EELGs reveals short depletion timescales and large mass-loading factors in a burst-driven regime, with abundance ratios isolating star-formation efficiency, outflows, and inflows.
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Other red dots: A possible GLIMPSE of normal AGB stars at Cosmic Noon through extreme lensing
Four faint red point sources near critical curves in JWST images of Abell S1063 are interpreted as extremely magnified AGB stars and a yellow supergiant at cosmic noon.
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From Young to Older Disks: JWST/MIRI Evidence for Fading Molecular Emission and Hints for Elevated C/O in Upper Scorpius
Older Upper Scorpius disks show reduced molecular emission and hints of higher inner-gas C/O ratios than young disks, indicating chemical evolution consistent with pebble drift.
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JWST resolves jet-driven H2 and ionized outflows in radio galaxy 3C305
JWST data on 3C305 shows the compact radio jet efficiently drives kiloparsec-scale multiphase outflows via shocks, with high coupling to the observed gas kinetic power and radiative losses.
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Direct Imaging Discovery of Giant Exoplanet $\beta$ Pictoris d: A Decade-Long Game of Hide-and-Seek
Direct imaging over 11 years confirms β Pictoris d as a ~2.4 MJup, ~600 K bound companion at ~26 au, coplanar with b and c and consistent with sculpting the debris-disk inner edge.
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MEGA and SMILES Find Fewer Dusty Galaxies than Expected at Cosmic Noon
JWST MIRI observations of 634 galaxies at 0.2<z<2 yield IR luminosity functions with faint-end slope α≈0.147, implying lower dust-obscured SFRD than previous ALMA/Herschel/Spitzer studies.
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Learning the Universe: The Structure of Dust Attenuation Curves in Galaxy Simulations
Four parameters suffice to describe dust attenuation curve diversity in TNG simulations, yielding a new symbolic-regression model that recovers curves and fluxes better than existing parameterizations while linking parameters to SFR surface density, metallicity, and geometry.
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A stellar bar hidden in an extreme gas-rich disk galaxy at z=4.055
Detection of a stellar bar in the extreme gas-rich galaxy GN20 at z=4.055 shows that gas-rich disks support rapid bar formation in the early universe.
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A Glimpse of the Low-Mass End of the Direct Mass-Metallicity Relation at $z\sim6-8$
Direct [OIII]4364-based metallicities show that galaxies with stellar masses 10^6.7-9 solar masses at z~6-8 are 0.3-0.5 dex more metal-poor than local galaxies of the same mass, with slope 0.25 and 0.2 dex scatter.
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Emerging Diversity Among the Main-Belt Comets: Insights from JWST and Ground-Based Observations of 457P/Lemmon-PANSTARRS
457P shows dust activity without detectable H2O, CO, CO2, or CH3OH, with Q(H2O) < 2e24 molecules/s, indicating it may be more volatile-depleted than other main-belt comets.
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pop-cosmos: Star formation over 12 Gyr from generative modelling of a deep infrared-selected galaxy catalogue
A score-based diffusion generative model on deep infrared galaxy photometry yields a star formation rate density peaking at z=1.3 and shows distinct non-parametric star formation histories plus AGN activity peaking during the quenching transition of massive galaxies.
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Calibration of an Analog-to-Digital Conversion Nonlinearity in JWST/NIRISS
A data-driven model for periodic ADC integral nonlinearity in JWST/NIRISS is fitted to ramp residuals and applied to correct the ERS1366 WASP-39b transmission spectrum, reducing systematics at the 30ppm level.
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JADES: the mass-metallicity relation at $z=1-10$. New calibrations, extremely metal-poor galaxies, and chemical diversity
New stack-based strong-line calibrations from ~1500 spectra yield mass-metallicity relations at z=1-10 with decreasing metallicity toward higher redshift and no slope change, plus 50 EMPG candidates at 1-4% solar metallicity showing large scatter and opposite sSFR trends.
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Rapid and robust simulation-based inference for kilonovae
A simulation-based inference method with Gaussian process emulators trained on 1300 kilonova simulations recovers parameters accurately and rapidly while avoiding MCMC biases from likelihood misspecification.
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Lyman-alpha Radiation Pressure in Dense Star Clusters: Implications for Star Formation and Winds at Cosmic Dawn
Lyα radiation pressure mildly reduces gas-to-star conversion efficiency in dense high-redshift clusters while dominating the launch of rapid outflows.
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Massive Galaxies Form Early and Gray: Stellar Assembly and Dust Attenuation at $\mathbf{z>3.5}$ from CAPERS
Massive galaxies at z>3.5 assembled stars earlier than theoretical models predict and exhibit gray dust attenuation, especially at the highest masses.
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Probing Dark Matter Halos of High-redshift Quasars via Wide-Field Clustering
At z≈5–6, quasar clustering implies host dark matter halos of ~10^12 M_sun and duty cycles below ~1%, but the value depends strongly on the adopted quasar luminosity function.
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Deep Spectroscopic Follow-Up of Maisie's Galaxy -- A Typical Galaxy in the Early Universe
Deep JWST spectroscopy of Maisie's Galaxy at z=11.4 reveals moderate star formation, metallicity, and ionization consistent with a typical galaxy on the early star-formation main sequence rather than an extreme source.
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JWST spectroscopy of galaxies at $z>10$: Damped Ly$\alpha$ absorbers reveal efficient star formation and hidden redshift biases
Analysis of JWST/NIRSpec Prism spectra for 25 z>=10 galaxies finds burstiness correlates with strong UV lines, short depletion times, and DLA-induced redshift biases of 0.39 and 0.14 with marginal impact on UV luminosity density.
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Exploring the Relationship Between Bars, Star Formation Activity, and Host Galaxy Properties from $\mathbf{z \sim 0}$ to $\mathbf{z \sim 2}$
Barred galaxies transition from actively star-forming at z~1-2 to quiescent at z~0, with the fraction of quiescent galaxies hosting bars increasing steeply over cosmic time.
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Between Degeneracy and Evolution: UV-to-optical Insights into the BH$^*$ Model in Little Red Dots
Bayesian continuum fitting of 66 LRDs shows the BH* model fits ~6% best, rising to ~40% under AGN-disfavoring priors, with most objects stellar/AGN-dominated and possible evolutionary trends.
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JWST Absorption-Line Analysis of UV-Bright Galaxies at $z=7.2-10.6$: Early Chemical Enrichment Traced by C, O, Mg, Al, Si, and Fe
JWST spectra reveal that two z~7 galaxies already show near-solar iron-to-silicon ratios with no strong odd-even effect, favoring early Type Ia supernovae over pair-instability supernovae as the source of iron enrichment.
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Jet-driven shocks and turbulence in radio-loud Active Galactic Nuclei observed with JWST MIRI/MRS
JWST spectroscopy reveals radio jets in nearby AGN drive multiphase ISM turbulence and shock-dominated H2 excitation both along and perpendicular to the jet direction.
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Characterization of the Volatile Properties of 133P/Elst-Pizarro and Other Main-Belt Comets with JWST and Ground-Based Observations
JWST observations of 133P/Elst-Pizarro yield water outgassing rates of (1.9 ± 0.6) × 10^25 and (1.4 ± 0.4) × 10^25 molecules/s at true anomalies 8° and 37.4°, with hypervolatile depletion Q(CO2)/Q(H2O) < 0.009 and an average log(Afrho/Q(H2O)) = -24.6 ± 0.2 across three MBCs.
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Unraveling Chemical Enrichment in Extreme Emission-Line Galaxies: A Multi-Element Bayesian View of Bursty Star Formation and Galaxy Evolution in DESI
Multi-element Bayesian modeling of 23 EELGs reveals short depletion timescales and large mass-loading factors in a burst-driven regime, with abundance ratios isolating star-formation efficiency, outflows, and inflows.
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Chemical Abundances of the Bioessential Elements C, O and S, and the Refractory Elements Fe and Ni, in Solar-type Exoplanet-hosting Stars from HARPS North and South
Observational study of 290 exoplanet-host stars finds higher C, O, S, Fe, Ni abundances in giant-planet hosts than small-planet hosts, with C/O ratios, hot/warm differences, and mass correlations that vary by subpopulation.
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The X-ray-to-UV relation does not evolve in homogeneous quasar samples
A bias-controlled quasar sample of ~2000 objects demonstrates that the X-ray-to-UV luminosity relation remains constant from redshift 0.7 to 5.
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PEARLS: Two Distinct Populations of AGN Hosts Moving Between Star Formation and Quiescence
NIRCam-selected AGN hosts split into a 'bridge' group with moderate-to-low SFRs and a 'branch' group above the SFMS with SFR rising with AGN fraction; both populations show recent transitions between star formation and quiescence.
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JWST Exoplanetary Worlds and Elemental Survey (JEWELS) II: Condensation Temperature Trends and Galactic Chemical Evolution in JWST Planet-Hosting Stars
New homogeneous abundances for 19 elements in 25 JWST planet-host stars show Tcond slopes independent of stellar and planetary properties after GCE correction, indicating mixed origins requiring careful interpretation.
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Calibrating Photometric Mid-Infrared Star Formation Rates for JWST
Rest-frame 6-8um MIRI luminosity provides broken power-law SFR calibrations with 0.2-0.3 dex scatter and UV+IR composites at 0.15 dex, supporting robust use above log M* ~9 up to z~3.
- ODIN: Rest-frame Optical Morphologies and Star Formation Activity of Ly{\alpha} Emitters at z=2.4, 3.1, and 4.5