KV cache quantization silently erodes LLM safety alignment via vulnerable low-dimensional subspaces, diagnosed by Per-Channel Reduction into three failure modes and mitigated training-free with up to 97% recovery.
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Spqr: A sparse-quantized representation for near-lossless llm weight compression.arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.03078
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GPTQ-intrinsic LoRA augments GPTQ with intrinsic low-rank compensation via Hessian modification to achieve layer-wise reconstruction bounds that match information-theoretic lower bounds under structural assumptions.
OrbitQuant is a data-agnostic PTQ technique for DiTs that uses RPBH rotation in a normalized basis to enable a single codebook across all inputs, achieving SOTA low-bit performance on FLUX.1, CogVideoX and similar models.
Analysis of 15 calibration sources shows opposite-sign Spearman correlations between perplexity and retention across General vs. Math/Code dimensions in LLM pruning, and multi-source mixing via IGSP raises total retention from 40-50% to 58.8%.
Two randomized Hadamard transforms suffice to make coordinate marginals O(d^{-1/2})-close to Gaussian for most quantization methods, with three needed for vector quantization to match uniform random rotations asymptotically.
COVERCAL selects PTQ calibration samples via weighted set cover over outlier channels, with a stylized clipping model showing missed coverage upper-bounds surrogate loss, yielding gains over random and other baselines on LLaMA and Mistral models.
High-variance activation directions are uncorrelated with predictions, transformer blocks grow more linear with depth, and single-block linear replacement yields 34x compression on Mistral's final block at a 1.71 perplexity cost.
HyperQuant unifies Hadamard transform, optimal lattice quantization, and entropy coding to outperform prior schemes on LLM weight and KV cache quantization down to 1.7 bits per scalar while preserving quality on a 19B DiT model.
TWLA is a PTQ method using E2M-ATQ, KOTMS, and ILA-AMP to enable W1.58A4 quantization for LLMs with maintained accuracy.
ReCache learns recomputation schedules via policy gradients to maximize quality under a target compute budget for any caching mechanism in diffusion models.
Q-K=V projection sharing in transformers matches standard QKV performance with 50% KV cache reduction and combines with GQA/MQA for up to 96.9% reduction across vision and language tasks.
GEMQ applies global LP-based expert importance estimation and router fine-tuning within progressive quantization to cut memory and speed inference in MoE LLMs with little accuracy loss.
ActQuant achieves sub-4-bit (down to 2.5 bpw) quantization of VLA models via action-contribution bit allocation and curvature-based scale tuning, retaining over 90% performance on LIBERO and physical robot tasks.
SplitQ improves low-bit PTQ for VLMs by isolating modality-specific outlier channels via MOCD and applying dual-branch adaptive calibration via ACC, outperforming prior methods on six datasets across W4A8 to W3A2 settings.
XFP introduces quality-targeted adaptive codebook quantization with sparse outlier separation that auto-selects parameters from cosine similarity floors, achieving high throughput and accuracy on Qwen3.5 models at low effective bits without calibration data.
ADMM-Q is a new post-training quantization method using ADMM operator splitting that reduces WikiText-2 perplexity compared to GPTQ on Qwen3-8B across W3A16, W4A8, and W2A4KV4 settings.
XtraMAC unifies mixed-precision MAC on FPGA via shared integer mantissa products, delivering 1.4-2.0x higher compute density and up to 1.9x better energy efficiency.
WindowQuant performs window-adaptive mixed-precision KV cache quantization guided by similarity to the text prompt, with reordering to enable efficient inference in VLMs.
BitRL enables on-device RL agents via 1-bit quantized language models, delivering 10-16x memory reduction and 3-5x energy efficiency gains with 85-98% retained performance.
LLM 2-bit quantization fails via either cumulative signal degradation or early computation collapse in key components.
LBLLM achieves better accuracy than prior binarization methods for LLMs by decoupling weight and activation quantization through initialization, layer-wise distillation, and learnable activation scaling.
GSQ uses Gumbel-Softmax to optimize scalar quantization grids for LLMs, closing most of the accuracy gap to vector methods like QTIP at 2-3 bits per parameter while using symmetric scalar grids compatible with existing kernels.
Sol-RL decouples FP4-based candidate exploration from BF16 policy optimization in diffusion RL, delivering up to 4.64x faster convergence with maintained or superior alignment performance on models like FLUX.1 and SD3.5.
MorphoQuant proposes DABC and MDQFO for 4-bit quantization of omni-modal LLMs, claiming superior performance over SOTA W4A4 methods and even W4A16 baselines on benchmarks like ScienceQA.
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GSQ: Highly-Accurate Low-Precision Scalar Quantization for LLMs via Gumbel-Softmax Sampling
GSQ uses Gumbel-Softmax to optimize scalar quantization grids for LLMs, closing most of the accuracy gap to vector methods like QTIP at 2-3 bits per parameter while using symmetric scalar grids compatible with existing kernels.