In AdS3 gravity with double-trace scalar boundary conditions, zero-frequency boson stars are the true ground state below the instability threshold, and hairy black holes carry higher entropy than BTZ at fixed mass and angular momentum.
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Dynamical Boson Stars
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abstract
The idea of stable, localized bundles of energy has strong appeal as a model for particles. In the 1950s John Wheeler envisioned such bundles as smooth configurations of electromagnetic energy that he called {\em geons}, but none were found. Instead, particle-like solutions were found in the late 1960s with the addition of a scalar field, and these were given the name {\em boson stars}. Since then, boson stars find use in a wide variety of models as sources of dark matter, as black hole mimickers, in simple models of binary systems, and as a tool in finding black holes in higher dimensions with only a single killing vector. We discuss important varieties of boson stars, their dynamic properties, and some of their uses, concentrating on recent efforts.
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Numerical simulations of equal-mass boson-star mergers reveal larger waveform deviations from black-hole binaries in late inspiral and merger, plus odd multipole excitations for certain scalar-field phases, with some signals degenerate until IMR consistency tests are applied.
Strongly interacting dark matter described by a first-principles G2 gauge-theory equation of state can be mixed into neutron stars while remaining compatible with current observational constraints.
Spinning test particles around rotating hairy black holes show finite-time instability in localized regions of the (spin, hair-parameter) plane that reorganize the strong-field phase space compared to Kerr.
Asymptotically AdS mini-boson stars exhibit scar-like states with random-matrix chaos signatures, embedded integrable branches, low entanglement, and Krylov complexity revivals, unlike thermal black holes.
A one-body conformal-factor correction stabilizes boson star-black hole initial data, enabling gravitational-wave analysis that shows higher multipoles can discriminate mixed mergers from pure black-hole binaries.
Semiclassical one-loop analysis of solvable near-critical collapse solutions shows quantum corrections selecting a Boulware-like state and producing a growing mode that yields a finite mass gap and a transition to Type I behavior, enforcing weak cosmic censorship.
No evidence for a mass-scale dependent model deficiency is found in the highest-SNR GWTC-3 events.
Fitting GRAVITY flare astrometry to solitonic boson star models requires masses larger than 4.3 million solar masses, with more diffuse models yielding values closer to the standard black hole mass and thus placing stringent but incomplete constraints on such interpretations of Sgr A*.
Upper bounds on the dark matter fraction in MACHOs of 10^3 to 10^7 solar masses are derived from limits on distortions to the global 21-cm signal at z~17, z~89, and z>300.
A logarithmic correction to Schwarzschild in static spherical symmetry obeys all classical energy conditions and serves as an effective exterior for horizon-bearing and horizonless compact objects.
Numerical evolutions of quartically self-interacting boson stars reveal three merger outcomes and a non-monotonic gravitational-wave energy pattern driven by the competition between compactness and tidal deformability.
ℓ-boson stars are constructed and their properties studied in asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetime.
Dark matter cores heat baryonic matter in evolving proto-neutron stars by deepening the gravitational potential while halos cool it, providing a diagnostic distinct from hyperons.
Numerical and analytic modeling of boson star-black hole systems in the nonrelativistic limit, with Fisher analysis indicating LISA sensitivity to ultralight dark matter mass and self-coupling via gravitational wave dephasing.
Parameterized inspiral tests on GW230529 find consistency with GR, with |δφ̂_{-2}| ≲ 8×10^{-5} and ℓ_GB ≲ 0.51 M_⊙ in ESGB theories.
Bayesian analysis shows current near-IR astrometry data cannot distinguish massive boson stars from Schwarzschild black holes for Sgr A*.
Black-hole superradiance extracts energy via the ergoregion and can trigger instabilities with applications to dark matter, beyond-Standard-Model physics, and laboratory analogs.
The paper provides state-of-the-art predictions for the Einstein Telescope's impact on fundamental physics, cosmology, compact-object astrophysics, and multi-messenger astronomy across its proposed configurations.
The paper evaluates how triangular versus two-L-shaped geometries, arm lengths, and presence of low-frequency instruments affect the science reach of the Einstein Telescope for compact binaries, multi-messenger events, and stochastic backgrounds.
No evidence for physics beyond general relativity is found in the analysis of 15 GW events from GWTC-3, with consistency in residuals, PN parameters, and remnant properties.
Current and future observations can test whether dark compact objects are Kerr black holes or exotic alternatives, with null results strengthening the black hole paradigm.
citing papers explorer
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When AdS$_3$ Grows Hair: Boson Stars, Black Holes, and Double-Trace Deformations
In AdS3 gravity with double-trace scalar boundary conditions, zero-frequency boson stars are the true ground state below the instability threshold, and hairy black holes carry higher entropy than BTZ at fixed mass and angular momentum.
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Lessons from binary dynamics of inspiralling equal-mass boson-star mergers
Numerical simulations of equal-mass boson-star mergers reveal larger waveform deviations from black-hole binaries in late inspiral and merger, plus odd multipole excitations for certain scalar-field phases, with some signals degenerate until IMR consistency tests are applied.
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Strongly Interacting Dark Matter admixed Neutron Stars
Strongly interacting dark matter described by a first-principles G2 gauge-theory equation of state can be mixed into neutron stars while remaining compatible with current observational constraints.
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Spin-Hair Induced Chaos of Spinning Test Particles in Rotating Hairy Black Holes
Spinning test particles around rotating hairy black holes show finite-time instability in localized regions of the (spin, hair-parameter) plane that reorganize the strong-field phase space compared to Kerr.
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Quantum scars from holographic boson stars
Asymptotically AdS mini-boson stars exhibit scar-like states with random-matrix chaos signatures, embedded integrable branches, low entanglement, and Krylov complexity revivals, unlike thermal black holes.
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Boson star-black hole binaries: initial data and head-on collisions
A one-body conformal-factor correction stabilizes boson star-black hole initial data, enabling gravitational-wave analysis that shows higher multipoles can discriminate mixed mergers from pure black-hole binaries.
-
Unveiling horizons in quantum critical collapse
Semiclassical one-loop analysis of solvable near-critical collapse solutions shows quantum corrections selecting a Boulware-like state and producing a growing mode that yields a finite mass gap and a transition to Type I behavior, enforcing weak cosmic censorship.
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Agnostically decoding gravitational wave model deficiencies in GWTC-3
No evidence for a mass-scale dependent model deficiency is found in the highest-SNR GWTC-3 events.
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Testing solitonic boson star interpretations of Sagittarius A* with near-infrared flare astrometry
Fitting GRAVITY flare astrometry to solitonic boson star models requires masses larger than 4.3 million solar masses, with more diffuse models yielding values closer to the standard black hole mass and thus placing stringent but incomplete constraints on such interpretations of Sgr A*.
-
Dark ages bounds on non-accreting massive compact halo objects
Upper bounds on the dark matter fraction in MACHOs of 10^3 to 10^7 solar masses are derived from limits on distortions to the global 21-cm signal at z~17, z~89, and z>300.
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Energy conditions in static, spherically symmetric spacetimes and effective geometries
A logarithmic correction to Schwarzschild in static spherical symmetry obeys all classical energy conditions and serves as an effective exterior for horizon-bearing and horizonless compact objects.
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Massive boson stars: Stability and GW emission in head-on mergers
Numerical evolutions of quartically self-interacting boson stars reveal three merger outcomes and a non-monotonic gravitational-wave energy pattern driven by the competition between compactness and tidal deformability.
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$\ell$-Boson stars in anti-de Sitter spacetime
ℓ-boson stars are constructed and their properties studied in asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetime.
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Dark Matter Heating in Evolving Proto-Neutron Stars: A Two-Fluid Approach
Dark matter cores heat baryonic matter in evolving proto-neutron stars by deepening the gravitational potential while halos cool it, providing a diagnostic distinct from hyperons.
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Boson Stars Hosting Black Holes
Numerical and analytic modeling of boson star-black hole systems in the nonrelativistic limit, with Fisher analysis indicating LISA sensitivity to ultralight dark matter mass and self-coupling via gravitational wave dephasing.
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Tests of General Relativity with GW230529: a neutron star merging with a lower mass-gap compact object
Parameterized inspiral tests on GW230529 find consistency with GR, with |δφ̂_{-2}| ≲ 8×10^{-5} and ℓ_GB ≲ 0.51 M_⊙ in ESGB theories.
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Bayesian Analysis of Massive Boson Star Models for Sagittarius A* Using Near-Infrared Astrometry Data
Bayesian analysis shows current near-IR astrometry data cannot distinguish massive boson stars from Schwarzschild black holes for Sgr A*.
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Superradiance -- the 2020 Edition
Black-hole superradiance extracts energy via the ergoregion and can trigger instabilities with applications to dark matter, beyond-Standard-Model physics, and laboratory analogs.
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The Science of the Einstein Telescope
The paper provides state-of-the-art predictions for the Einstein Telescope's impact on fundamental physics, cosmology, compact-object astrophysics, and multi-messenger astronomy across its proposed configurations.
-
Science with the Einstein Telescope: a comparison of different designs
The paper evaluates how triangular versus two-L-shaped geometries, arm lengths, and presence of low-frequency instruments affect the science reach of the Einstein Telescope for compact binaries, multi-messenger events, and stochastic backgrounds.
-
Tests of General Relativity with GWTC-3
No evidence for physics beyond general relativity is found in the analysis of 15 GW events from GWTC-3, with consistency in residuals, PN parameters, and remnant properties.
-
Testing the nature of dark compact objects: a status report
Current and future observations can test whether dark compact objects are Kerr black holes or exotic alternatives, with null results strengthening the black hole paradigm.