LRD host galaxies show average metallicity 0.08 Z_sun with narrow stable range, challenging pristine-gas formation models while ruling out typical local AGN.
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Binary interactions and cluster dynamics boost PISN rates by up to 3x versus single stars, enabling constraints on stellar-wind mass loss and galaxy metallicity distributions.
JWST spectra of six z=5-9 galaxies show low-ionization covering fractions of 0.2-0.9 and diverse kinematics including blueshifted outflows, indicating heterogeneous multiphase ISM.
Stacked JWST spectra show weak MZR slope evolution to z~5 with declining normalization, steeper MZR beyond z~5, and emerging shallow FMR anti-correlation by z~5.
SN 2023aeaf is photometrically classified as a likely Type II supernova at z=3.195, consistent with a 12 solar mass progenitor and low-metallicity star-forming host.
Direct [OIII]4364-based metallicities show that galaxies with stellar masses 10^6.7-9 solar masses at z~6-8 are 0.3-0.5 dex more metal-poor than local galaxies of the same mass, with slope 0.25 and 0.2 dex scatter.
A score-based diffusion generative model on deep infrared galaxy photometry yields a star formation rate density peaking at z=1.3 and shows distinct non-parametric star formation histories plus AGN activity peaking during the quenching transition of massive galaxies.
COLIBRE simulations find the galaxy gas-phase MZR already in place at z≈10 with little evolution until z≈5, then shallowens at low z, with high-mass turnover set by AGN feedback and low-mass end by core-collapse supernovae.
New stack-based strong-line calibrations from ~1500 spectra yield mass-metallicity relations at z=1-10 with decreasing metallicity toward higher redshift and no slope change, plus 50 EMPG candidates at 1-4% solar metallicity showing large scatter and opposite sSFR trends.
Milky Way abundance trends act as effective empirical proxies for nucleosynthetic yields, recovering alpha and Fe-peak abundances in quiescent galaxies with 0.05 dex median offset versus 0.23 dex for theory, indicating largely universal yields.
A simulation study finds that a hot gas halo at galaxy total mass ~10^12.5 solar masses suppresses cool gas accretion, driving a redshift-independent turnover in the stellar-to-total mass ratio via reduced in-situ star formation efficiency.
FIRE-2 simulations find metallicity gradients in EoR galaxies flatten from median -0.15 dex/kpc at z~10 to -0.1 at z~6, with positive correlations to stellar mass and gas flow proxy Δv/2σ and links to central SFR density.
New empirical calibrations between 19 emission-line ratios and oxygen abundance are derived from direct electron-temperature measurements in 139 star-forming galaxies at z=1.4-10.6.
Analysis of JWST/NIRSpec Prism spectra for 25 z>=10 galaxies finds burstiness correlates with strong UV lines, short depletion times, and DLA-induced redshift biases of 0.39 and 0.14 with marginal impact on UV luminosity density.
DESI spectra yield radial metallicity gradients in 2291 low-z star-forming galaxies that decline steeply in massive systems, flatten at large radii across all masses, and correlate with size and outer stellar age.
JWST observations of high-redshift galaxies show no evolution in dust geometry to z~2.4 and yield an empirical calibration linking resolved differential reddening to SFR surface density.
PSD modeling of SFR scatter at six timescales shows dominant variability on 10-30 Myr scales, stronger in lower-mass galaxies at z=3-8.
A multiphase ISM grain-size model with low supernova dust yield reproduces observed dust-to-stellar mass ratios and UV luminosity functions at z=7-12 by letting small grains seed rapid metal accretion.
Lumina runs a 500 cMpc radiation-hydrodynamic simulation combining IllustrisTNG galaxy formation with six-bin M1 radiation transport to predict late stellar-driven HI reionization ending around z=4.75 and AGN-driven HeII reionization nearly complete by z=3.
A review of theoretical models for the first stars and observational strategies including JWST searches, near-field studies, and lensing, noting growing candidates and narrowing parameter space.
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Introducing the Lumina project: large-volume radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of the epochs of hydrogen and helium reionization
Lumina runs a 500 cMpc radiation-hydrodynamic simulation combining IllustrisTNG galaxy formation with six-bin M1 radiation transport to predict late stellar-driven HI reionization ending around z=4.75 and AGN-driven HeII reionization nearly complete by z=3.