Complete leading-order dynamical tidal corrections to neutron-star binaries are derived in EFT, showing dynamical Love numbers enhanced relative to static ones and yielding measurable contributions to the GW phase at 8PN order.
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An Effective Field Theory of Gravity for Extended Objects
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abstract
We present an Effective Field Theory (EFT) formalism which describes the dynamics of non-relativistic extended objects coupled to gravity. The formalism is relevant to understanding the gravitational radiation power spectra emitted by binary star systems, an important class of candidate signals for gravitational wave observatories such as LIGO or VIRGO. The EFT allows for a clean separation of the three relevant scales: r_s, the size of the compact objects, r the orbital radius and r/v, the wavelength of the physical radiation (where the velocity v is the expansion parameter). In the EFT radiation is systematically included in the v expansion without need to separate integrals into near zones and radiation zones. We show that the renormalization of ultraviolet divergences which arise at v^6 in post-Newtonian (PN) calculations requires the presence of two non-minimal worldline gravitational couplings linear in the Ricci curvature. However, these operators can be removed by a redefinition of the metric tensor, so that the divergences at arising at v^6 have no physically observable effect. Because in the EFT finite size features are encoded in the coefficients of non-minimal couplings, this implies a simple proof of the decoupling of internal structure for spinless objects to at least order v^6. Neglecting absorptive effects, we find that the power counting rules of the EFT indicate that the next set of short distance operators, which are quadratic in the curvature and are associated with tidal deformations, do not play a role until order v^10. These operators, which encapsulate finite size properties of the sources, have coefficients that can be fixed by a matching calculation. By including the most general set of such operators, the EFT allows one to work within a point particle theory to arbitrary orders in v.
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A vector-supported compact object in modified gravity relaxes dissipatively without oscillatory ringdown because a hidden chiral symmetry converts perturbations into one-way transport.
Derives gravitational Compton amplitude at O(G^4) and N-matrix element for scattering phase shift, verified by agreement with black-hole perturbation theory.
O(G^4) gravitational wave scattering amplitude computed in worldline QFT with Murua decomposition, matched to black hole perturbation theory to validate the formalism for Schwarzschild black holes.
Low-frequency scattering calculations show scalar probes through the MMP wormhole are mostly reflected or trapped at early times with late leakage to half the black-hole cross-section, while charged massless fermions transmit with unit probability via a Callan-Rubakov-like channel.
The classical limit of five-dimensional spinning amplitudes reproduces the multipole expansion of five-dimensional black holes after augmenting with the Hodge dual of the spin tensor, and identifies amplitudes corresponding to the Myers-Perry solution.
Gravitational Compton amplitude computed to third post-Minkowskian order via worldline EFT with infrared and forward divergences regulated to connect to black hole perturbation theory.
Derives closed 5D partial-wave Raman scattering amplitude via NS functions and computes non-vanishing dynamical ℓ=0 and static ℓ=1 scalar tidal Love numbers with RG running up to O(G²) for STBH.
A universal anomalous dimension for multipole moments in GR is derived via two EFT methods and applied to resum short-distance logarithmic tails in binary gravitational waveforms.
Derives NNLO post-Newtonian tidal contributions to conservative dynamics and ten conserved quantities in massless scalar-tensor theories for spinless sources, with extension to Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity.
Dynamical tidal Love numbers for Kerr black holes are obtained to linear frequency order by matching EFT worldline couplings to black-hole perturbation solutions, including spin-induced mode mixing.
Closed-form Sommerfeld factor via EFT connection matrix with analytic O(G^10) magnitude and phase for l=0,1,2 waves, plus a new RG equation for radiative multipole moments that improves waveform resummation beyond tail logarithms.
The gravitational impulse for ultrarelativistic massive scalars is resummed to all orders in G_N at fixed G_N s/mb, recovering post-Minkowski results and predicting the leading high-energy behavior to eleventh post-Minkowski order.
Derives exact hypergeometric solutions for static perturbations of 5D Myers-Perry black holes and iteratively computes electromagnetic Love tensors showing lower-to-higher angular momentum mode mixing in the response.
The NLO gravitational spin-orbit Hamiltonian for N spinning bodies is computed via PN-EFT, with only three-body diagrams new beyond the binary case, and the result matches the known ADM Hamiltonian up to canonical transformation.
Four relativistic spinning particle models (vector oscillator, spinor oscillator, spherical top, massive twistor) describe identical physics in free and interacting theories within the spin-magnitude-preserving sector.
High-order PM tidal corrections improve EOB predictions for neutron-star gravitational scattering and lay groundwork for PM-based tidal EOB waveforms.
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Conjecture reducing bulk loop discontinuity integrals in black hole Schwinger-Keldysh geometry to exterior real-time finite-temperature loop integrals, checked at one to three loops for low-point functions.
Derives next-to-next-to-leading tidal corrections to flux and phasing in scalar-tensor gravity using adapted post-Newtonian multipolar-post-Minkowskian methods under the adiabatic approximation.
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