Negative narrative immersion causes 12-31% drops in LLM moral accuracy and produces structured shifts that appear in downstream applications.
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Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback
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abstract
As AI systems become more capable, we would like to enlist their help to supervise other AIs. We experiment with methods for training a harmless AI assistant through self-improvement, without any human labels identifying harmful outputs. The only human oversight is provided through a list of rules or principles, and so we refer to the method as 'Constitutional AI'. The process involves both a supervised learning and a reinforcement learning phase. In the supervised phase we sample from an initial model, then generate self-critiques and revisions, and then finetune the original model on revised responses. In the RL phase, we sample from the finetuned model, use a model to evaluate which of the two samples is better, and then train a preference model from this dataset of AI preferences. We then train with RL using the preference model as the reward signal, i.e. we use 'RL from AI Feedback' (RLAIF). As a result we are able to train a harmless but non-evasive AI assistant that engages with harmful queries by explaining its objections to them. Both the SL and RL methods can leverage chain-of-thought style reasoning to improve the human-judged performance and transparency of AI decision making. These methods make it possible to control AI behavior more precisely and with far fewer human labels.
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- abstract As AI systems become more capable, we would like to enlist their help to supervise other AIs. We experiment with methods for training a harmless AI assistant through self-improvement, without any human labels identifying harmful outputs. The only human oversight is provided through a list of rules or principles, and so we refer to the method as 'Constitutional AI'. The process involves both a supervised learning and a reinforcement learning phase. In the supervised phase we sample from an initial model, then generate self-critiques and revisions, and then finetune the original model on revised
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representative citing papers
Presents a new expert-curated dataset of multi-turn counterspeech dialogues in five languages targeting hate against seven groups, with span annotations linking to verified external knowledge for RAG applications.
RefusalBench shows strict refusal rates fail to rank frontier LLMs correctly on biological safety, with provider effects and partial-compliance patterns that binary metrics miss.
Sequential LLM defense deployment leads to risk exacerbation in 38.9% of cases due to anti-aligned updates in shared critical layers, addressed by conflict-guided layer freezing.
Multi-source transfer learning incurs an intrinsic adaptation cost that can exceed one, with phase transitions separating regimes where bias-agnostic estimators match oracle performance from those where they cannot.
LCDD creates sparse carriers for SFT behaviors that SFT-Eraser can reverse, with ablations showing the sparse structure enables causal control.
MM-JudgeBench shows substantial cross-lingual performance variance in 22 LVLM judges, with model size and architecture as poor predictors of multilingual robustness.
LLM mental health simulations produce individually plausible patients but systematically misrepresent real population distributions, with reduced variance, unstable diagnoses, and demographic biases.
Harmful skills in open agent ecosystems raise average harm scores from 0.27 to 0.76 across six LLMs by lowering refusal rates when tasks are presented via pre-installed skills.
No continuous utility-preserving input wrapper can eliminate all prompt injection risks in connected prompt spaces for language models.
Invisible orchestrators raise collective dissociation in LLM agent groups, suppress protective actions, and produce internal risks undetectable by output-based checks.
ORPO performs preference alignment during supervised fine-tuning via a monolithic odds ratio penalty, allowing 7B models to outperform larger state-of-the-art models on alignment benchmarks.
Promptbreeder evolves both task prompts and the mutation prompts that improve them using LLMs, outperforming Chain-of-Thought and Plan-and-Solve on arithmetic and commonsense reasoning benchmarks.
GPT-4-generated instruction data produces superior zero-shot performance in finetuned LLaMA models versus prior state-of-the-art data.
Process sidecars use a secant-based two-parameter edit to achieve second-order accurate memory revocation after safety training, outperforming scalar task arithmetic on refusal tasks across three models.
CRAFT is a three-pillar credit assignment scheme that uses counterfactual token importance from GRPO sibling rollouts to provide signed per-token distillation signals in self-distilled agentic RL.
TRL extends tandem training to RLVR pipelines, matching GRPO solo reasoning on Qwen3-4B math tasks while improving handoff robustness, reducing distributional drift, and increasing CoT legibility for the junior.
Four self-stigma personas identified via LPA on 1,174 Reddit users; persona-conditioned LLMs achieve targeted shifts but experts prefer generic empathy baselines.
MergeProbe forecasts LoRA adapter mergeability from first-few-percent training signals and outperforms interference-aware baselines on retention while adding low overhead on a five-domain benchmark.
Alignment defenses adapted from DPO and GRPO mitigate property inference attacks on LLMs while preserving utility.
BenSyc is the first benchmark for conversational sycophancy in Bengali, with top LLMs achieving only 61.8 Macro-F1 on binary detection and 61.7 on five-class classification while often generating overly validating responses.
Prompt injections in RAG documents trigger brand-level recommendation suppression in Claude models (dropping to zero in tested cases) while increasing recommendations in GPT models, creating a potential reverse-attack surface.
INNSteer learns an invertible neural network to map LLM activations into a latent space where linear steering becomes more effective, then applies the inverse map to produce nonlinear interventions in the original space.
Self-commitment latency measures early behavioral commitment in hinted vs. honest reasoning contexts on GSM8K using Qwen2.5-3B, achieving AUROC 0.878 for first-commitment latency and up to 0.926 for curve summaries.
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