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Harnessing Vision Models for Time Series Analysis: A Survey

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arxiv 2502.08869 v2 pith:HIGEVZKB submitted 2025-02-13 cs.LG cs.AIcs.CV

Harnessing Vision Models for Time Series Analysis: A Survey

classification cs.LG cs.AIcs.CV
keywords modelsseriestimevisionanalysisllmsresearchchallenges
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Time series analysis has witnessed the inspiring development from traditional autoregressive models, deep learning models, to recent Transformers and Large Language Models (LLMs). Efforts in leveraging vision models for time series analysis have also been made along the way but are less visible to the community due to the predominant research on sequence modeling in this domain. However, the discrepancy between continuous time series and the discrete token space of LLMs, and the challenges in explicitly modeling the correlations of variates in multivariate time series have shifted some research attentions to the equally successful Large Vision Models (LVMs) and Vision Language Models (VLMs). To fill the blank in the existing literature, this survey discusses the advantages of vision models over LLMs in time series analysis. It provides a comprehensive and in-depth overview of the existing methods, with dual views of detailed taxonomy that answer the key research questions including how to encode time series as images and how to model the imaged time series for various tasks. Additionally, we address the challenges in the pre- and post-processing steps involved in this framework and outline future directions to further advance time series analysis with vision models.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

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    T2SP converts time series into structured programs for trends, periods, and events, enabling off-the-shelf LLMs to perform better on editing, captioning, and QA tasks than raw string inputs.

  2. Empowering VLMs for Few-Shot Multimodal Time Series Classification via Tailored Agentic Reasoning

    cs.AI 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    MarsTSC is a VLM-based agentic reasoning framework with a self-evolving knowledge bank and Generator-Reflector-Modifier roles that achieves better few-shot multimodal time series classification than baselines on 12 be...

  3. VEIL: How Visual Encoding Hijacking Induces Bias In Vision Models

    cs.CV 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.5

    Vision models trained on chart images of time series often latch onto rendering style rather than temporal class structure, an effect the authors call visual encoding hijacking.

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    Naturalness of time-series image encodings predicts but does not cause transfer accuracy on frozen vision backbones because the correlation is mediated by local structure, as shown by beta sweeps and phase scrambling ...

  5. VESTA: Visual Exploration with Statistical Tool Agents

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  6. Empowering VLMs for Few-Shot Multimodal Time Series Classification via Tailored Agentic Reasoning

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    MarsTSC is a VLM agentic system with generator, reflector, and modifier roles that iteratively refines a knowledge bank to improve few-shot multimodal time series classification and produce human-readable explanations.