High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · arXiv:2010.00017 v2 · submitted 30 Sep 2020
Universal gravitational-wave signatures from heavy new physics in the electroweak sector
The paper says
“We discover a universal relation between the mean bubble separation and the strength parameter of the phase transition, which holds for a wide range of new-physics contributions.”
from the abstract · picked out as the main claim by a classifier
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The paper
Abstract
We calculate the gravitational-wave spectra produced by the electroweak phase transition with TeV-scale Beyond-Standard-Model physics in the early universe. Our study captures the effect of quantum and thermal fluctuations within a non-perturbative framework. We discover a universal relation between the mean bubble separation and the strength parameter of the phase transition, which holds for a wide range of new-physics contributions. The ramifications of this result are three-fold: First, they constrain the gravitational-wave spectra resulting from heavy (TeV-scale) new physics. Second, they contribute to distinguishing heavy from light new physics directly from the gravitational-wave signature. Third, they suggest that a concerted effort of gravitational-wave observations together with collider experiments could be required to distinguish between different models of heavy new physics.
The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. No sentence in this record was written by a model.
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
How the main claim is stated: asserted 1.00
What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.04 · states limitation 0.39 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.03 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.12 · compares with prior results 0.12 · mentions code or data availability 0.02
The abstract, sentence by sentence
This table labels the abstract only (arXiv listing abstract v2). The number is the probability the classifier gave the label.
| Sentence | Role | The authors' own work | States the main conclusion | Strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| We calculate the gravitational-wave spectra produced by the electroweak phase transition with TeV-scale Beyond-Standard-Model physics in the early universe. | contribution 0.99 | 0.95 | 0.06 | asserted 0.99 |
| Our study captures the effect of quantum and thermal fluctuations within a non-perturbative framework. | method 0.95 | 0.88 | 0.03 | asserted 1.00 |
| We discover a universal relation between the mean bubble separation and the strength parameter of the phase transition, which holds for a wide range of new-physics contributions. | result 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.74 | asserted 1.00 |
| The ramifications of this result are three-fold: First, they constrain the gravitational-wave spectra resulting from heavy (TeV-scale) new physics. | interpretation 0.98 | 0.79 | 0.26 | asserted 0.97 |
| Second, they contribute to distinguishing heavy from light new physics directly from the gravitational-wave signature. | interpretation 0.96 | 0.73 | 0.16 | asserted 0.87 |
| Third, they suggest that a concerted effort of gravitational-wave observations together with collider experiments could be required to distinguish between different models of heavy new physics. | interpretation 0.66 | 0.35 | 0.19 | hedged possibility 1.00 |
What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 0.82 · evidence from simulation or computation 0.97
What was examined, and what was not
Sources read
- arXiv listing abstract v2
Not examined
- full text
- figures and tables
- references and citing sentences
- relations to other papers
Levels run
- P abstract
Not run
- S sections
- T body sentences
- C citations
- R cross-paper relations
How the labels were made
Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 4,854 input tokens.
Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. This record as JSON
Cited by 10 Pith papers
Reviewed papers on Pith that cite this one. The full citation record
- Gauge-Fermion Cartography: from confinement and chiral symmetry breaking to conformality hep-th · Dec 2024
- The Asymptotically Safe Standard Model: From quantum gravity to dynamical chiral symmetry breaking hep-th · Jul 2022
- From quantum gravity to gravitational waves through cosmic strings gr-qc · Jun 2023
- Strongly supercooled first-order phase transitions: monopole abundance, entropy production and homogeneity consistency hep-ph · Nov 2026
- Gravitational Wave Probe of Singlet-Doublet Dark Matter Induced Radiative Neutrino Mass hep-ph · Nov 2025
- Perturbative gravitational wave predictions for the real-scalar extended Standard Model hep-ph · Nov 2024
- Dark Confinement and Chiral Phase Transitions: Gravitational Waves vs Matter Representations hep-ph · Sep 2021
- Testing the dark SU(N) Yang-Mills theory Confined Landscape: From the Lattice to Gravitational Waves hep-ph · Dec 2020
- Gravitational waves from a holographic phase transition hep-th · Nov 2020
- Phase transitions in the early universe astro-ph.CO · Aug 2020
How the literature uses it
16 arXiv papers cite this in 18 sentences
Papers citing it · 14 sentences without a confident label
Uses its method or tool 2 papers
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One can define the inverse duration of the PT w.r.t Hubble expansion rate, $H_n$ at the nucleation temperature, calculated as [ref] , [equation]
Gravitational Wave Probe of Singlet-Doublet Dark Matter Induced Radiative Neutrino Mass · Relevant parameters for GWs · 0.82
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Alternatively, one can consider the dilution of energy density due to the expansion of space, compared to the time when reheating becomes significant, leading to [ref] [equation] where $T_p$ is the percolation temperature (discussed in <ref>).
Cosmological phase transitions: from perturbative particle physics to gravitational waves · Reheating · 0.81
Cites it as background 2 papers
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When studying gravitational wave production we will therefore treat them as free parameters.[In weakly coupled theories, there are interesting correlations between $β$ and $α$ [ref] .] For studying gravitational wave power spectra the more useful scale-setting combination is $R_*$.
Gravitational waves from a holographic phase transition · First order phase transitions · 0.82
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There has been a recent flurry of works examining extensions of the Standard Model which could provide gravitational wave signatures [ref] , including models with a focus on dark sectors and dark matter [ref] .
Sensitivity to Dark Sector Scales from Gravitational Wave Signatures · Introduction · 0.97
What it cites · 142 sentences without a confident label
Contests 2 papers
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The term $ΔP_NLO$ describes the $1→2$ processes, e.g., $e^-→e^-Z$ [ref] . $ΔP_LO$ is frame independent, i.e., it does not depends on the Lorentz factor, while the contribution from $1→2$ scattering processes is proportional to $γ$.[The recent work [ref] has improved the computation given in [ref] and has discussed that the next to leading-order pressure should be given by $γ^2ΔP_NLO∝γ^2T^4$ rather than $γΔP_NLO∝γΔm_V T^3$.
Electroweak Bubble Wall Speed Limit · Efficiencies of gravitational-wave production processes · contest 0.76
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The term $ΔP_NLO$ describes the $1→2$ processes, e.g., $e^-→e^-Z$ [ref] . $ΔP_LO$ is frame independent, i.e., it does not depends on the Lorentz factor, while the contribution from $1→2$ scattering processes is proportional to $γ$.[The recent work [ref] has improved the computation given in [ref] and has discussed that the next to leading-order pressure should be given by $γ^2ΔP_NLO∝γ^2T^4$ rather than $γΔP_NLO∝γΔm_V T^3$.
Towards an all-orders calculation of the electroweak bubble wall velocity · Efficiencies of gravitational-wave production processes · contest 0.76
Uses the method or tool of 17 papers
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We follow [ref] and use the following expressions to obtain the respective GW spectra from $α$ and $R$:
Phase transition dynamics and gravitational wave spectra of strong first-order phase transition in supercooled universe · Calculation of gravitational-wave spectra · 1.00
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We follow [ref] and use the following expressions to obtain the respective GW spectra from $α$ and $R$:
Science with the space-based interferometer eLISA. II: Gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions · Calculation of gravitational-wave spectra · 1.00
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We follow [ref] and use the following expressions to obtain the respective GW spectra from $α$ and $R$:
Detecting gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions with LISA: an update · Calculation of gravitational-wave spectra · 1.00
Uses data or values from 2 papers
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In [ref] , it was estimated that $M_NP≈10$ TeV is the maximal new-physics scale that can still impact the electroweak phase transition at fixed Higgs mass and vev.
Probing Baryogenesis through the Higgs Self-Coupling · Higher-order contributions in the Higgs potential · 0.87
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The optimal reach of the high-luminosity LHC run with $3 ab^-1$ is given by [ref] , [equation] A value for $λ_H^3/λ_H^3,0$ outside the given range would detectably violate the cancellation of di-Higgs production in gluon fusion low-energy kinetic regime as discussed above.
Mad-Maximized Higgs Pair Analyses · Collider vs gravitational-wave signatures · 0.87
Compares with 4 papers
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We have compared our results from the $ϕ^6$ modification of the Higgs potential with [ref] .
Gravitational waves from a very strong electroweak phase transition · Model building · 1.00
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We have compared our results from the $ϕ^6$ modification of the Higgs potential with [ref] .
Signals of the electroweak phase transition at colliders and gravitational wave observatories · Model building · 1.00
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We have compared our results from the $ϕ^6$ modification of the Higgs potential with [ref] .
On the Maximal Strength of a First-Order Electroweak Phase Transition and its Gravitational Wave Signal · Model building · 1.00
Cites as support 4 papers
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Secondly, in the non-runaway case, the efficiency factor $κ_coll$ is negligible in comparison with $κ_sw$ and $κ_turb$, [ref] , which we have checked numerically.
Gravitational wave energy budget in strongly supercooled phase transitions · Calculation of gravitational-wave spectra · 0.98
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Secondly, in the non-runaway case, the efficiency factor $κ_coll$ is negligible in comparison with $κ_sw$ and $κ_turb$, [ref] , which we have checked numerically.
A fresh look at the gravitational-wave signal from cosmological phase transitions · Calculation of gravitational-wave spectra · 0.98
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In [ref] it has been shown that already the next-to-leading order $ϕ^8$ contribution has a strongly subleading effect on the phase transition.
Signals of the electroweak phase transition at colliders and gravitational wave observatories · Model building · 0.97
Cites as background 69 papers
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Investigations have been done in supersymmetric models, [ref] , and more recently, more generic new-physics models, e.g., models with one [ref] or several additional SM singlets [ref] , two-Higgs models [ref] and composite Higgs models [ref] .
Di-Higgs Production in the $4b$ Channel and Gravitational Wave Complementarity · Introduction · 0.99
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Investigations have been done in supersymmetric models, [ref] , and more recently, more generic new-physics models, e.g., models with one [ref] or several additional SM singlets [ref] , two-Higgs models [ref] and composite Higgs models [ref] .
Singlet Higgs Phenomenology and the Electroweak Phase Transition · Introduction · 0.99
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Investigations have been done in supersymmetric models, [ref] , and more recently, more generic new-physics models, e.g., models with one [ref] or several additional SM singlets [ref] , two-Higgs models [ref] and composite Higgs models [ref] .
Strong Electroweak Phase Transitions in the Standard Model with a Singlet · Introduction · 0.99
Challenges and discussion
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