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Thermalization dynamics of a gauge theory on a quantum simulator

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arxiv 2107.13563 v2 pith:JNO7BJWX submitted 2021-07-28 cond-mat.quant-gas cond-mat.stat-mechhep-lathep-phquant-ph

Thermalization dynamics of a gauge theory on a quantum simulator

Zhao-Yu Zhou , Guo-Xian Su , Jad C. Halimeh , Robert Ott , Hui Sun , Philipp Hauke , Bing Yang , Zhen-Sheng Yuan
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J\"urgen Berges Jian-Wei Pan
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classification cond-mat.quant-gas cond-mat.stat-mechhep-lathep-phquant-ph
keywords gaugequantumdynamicsmattertheoryfieldsphysicssimulator
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Gauge theories form the foundation of modern physics, with applications ranging from elementary particle physics and early-universe cosmology to condensed matter systems. We perform quantum simulations of the unitary dynamics of a U(1) symmetric gauge field theory and demonstrate emergent irreversible behavior. The highly constrained gauge theory dynamics is encoded in a one-dimensional Bose--Hubbard simulator, which couples fermionic matter fields through dynamical gauge fields. We investigate global quantum quenches and the equilibration to a steady state well approximated by a thermal ensemble. Our work may enable the investigation of elusive phenomena, such as Schwinger pair production and string-breaking, and paves the way for simulating more complex higher-dimensional gauge theories on quantum synthetic matter devices.

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Cited by 10 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Local Thermalization of SU(2) Lattice Gauge Fields on Quantum Computers

    hep-lat 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Quantum hardware simulation of SU(2) lattice gauge thermalization matches classical extrapolations up to 101 plaquettes after error mitigation, establishing feasibility for chaotic quantum field systems.

  2. Quantum dynamics of cosmological particle production: interacting quantum field theories with matrix product states

    hep-th 2026-01 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Self-interactions in scalar and gauge theories suppress gravitational particle production in a quench modeling cosmic expansion, as computed with tensor networks.

  3. String dynamics of a (2+1)D U(1) quantum link model on a digital quantum computer

    quant-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Digital quantum simulations of string dynamics in a (2+1)D U(1) quantum link model on IBM hardware with up to 112 qubits agree with tensor networks at short times and thermal averages at long times.

  4. Hilbert Space Fragmentation and Gauge Symmetry

    hep-lat 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    An emergent gauge symmetry valid only in a subset of sectors of the fragmented S=1 dipole-conserving spin chain enables exact quantum simulation of gauge theories using a non-gauge-invariant Hamiltonian.

  5. A minimal implementation of Yang-Mills theory on a digital quantum computer

    hep-lat 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    A minimal implementation of SU(N) pure Yang-Mills theory on digital quantum computers is presented with simplified Hamiltonians, improved infinite-mass convergence, and SU(2) embedding into R^4, benchmarked by Monte C...

  6. Local Thermalization of SU(2) Lattice Gauge Fields on Quantum Computers

    hep-lat 2026-03 conditional novelty 6.0

    Error-mitigated IBM quantum hardware reproduces extrapolated classical simulations of entanglement growth and local thermalization for a truncated SU(2) gauge theory on chains up to 101 plaquettes.

  7. A Framework for Quantum Simulations of Energy-Loss and Hadronization in Non-Abelian Gauge Theories: SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theory in 1+1D

    quant-ph 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0

    A quantum simulation framework is developed and demonstrated for energy loss and hadronization of a heavy quark in 1+1D SU(2) lattice gauge theory on 18 qubits of IBM hardware, with results matching classical simulations.

  8. Eigenstate Thermalization in 1+1-Dimensional SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theory Coupled with Dynamical Fermions

    hep-th 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0

    Exact diagonalization shows 1+1D SU(2) lattice gauge theory with dynamical fermions satisfies ETH, including for non-local string operators that display a memory peak.

  9. Probing metric fluctuations with the spin of a particle in a quantum simulation

    quant-ph 2025-07 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Proposes emulating metric fluctuations' effect on fermion spin in a lattice (2+1)D massive gravity model via a minimal two-bosonic-mode system simulatable with atomic states in an optical cavity.

  10. Observation of Robust and Coherent Non-Abelian Hadron Dynamics on Noisy Quantum Processors

    hep-lat 2026-02 reject novelty 5.0

    A 60-site SU(2) lattice gauge theory was run on 120 qubits, but the implemented dynamics approximate to non-interacting fermion hopping, and the abstract's claimed breathing-mode frequency is not extracted anywhere.