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Mining for Gluon Saturation at Colliders
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Mining for Gluon Saturation at Colliders
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Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of strong interactions of quarks and gluons collectively called partons, the basic constituents of all nuclear matter. Its non-abelian character manifests in nature in the form of two remarkable properties: color confinement and asymptotic freedom. At high energies, perturbation theory can result in the growth and dominance of very gluon densities at small-x. If left uncontrolled, this growth can result in gluons eternally growing violating a number of mathematical bounds. The resolution to this problem lies by balancing gluon emissions by recombinating gluons at high energies : phenomena of gluon saturation. High energy nuclear and particle physics experiments have spent the past decades quantifying the structure of protons and nuclei in terms of their fundamental constituents confirming predicted extraordinary behavior of matter at extreme density and pressure conditions. In the process they have also measured seemingly unexpected phenomena. We will give a state of the art review of the underlying theoretical and experimental tools and measurements pertinent to gluon saturation physics. We will argue for the need of high energy electron-proton/ion colliders such as the proposed EIC (USA) and LHeC (Europe) to consolidate our knowledge of QCD in the small x kinematic domains.
Forward citations
Cited by 16 Pith papers
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TMD factorization in diffractive heavy-quark production in photon-nucleus collisions
TMD factorization holds for diffractive massive quark-antiquark-gluon production in the correlation limit, with a new mass-dependent quark diffractive TMD in the antiquark-gluon hard pair case.
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Matching collinear factorization with color-glass condensate for inclusive and exclusive deep inelastic scattering
Collinear factorization amplitudes exactly reproduce the large-Q² expansion of CGC amplitudes for inclusive DIS, DVCS, and DVMP at the amplitude level.
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Forward trijet production in proton-nucleus collisions: gluon initiated channel
The gluon-initiated trijet channel in forward pA collisions is calculated at leading order in CGC, revealing a four-gluon vertex structure matching instantaneous terms and showing how rapidity and collinear divergence...
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Diffractive deep inelastic scattering in the dipole picture: the $q\bar{q}g$ contribution in exact kinematics
Exact q qbar g contribution to diffractive DIS structure functions in the dipole model shows prior high-Q2 and high-MX2 approximations are inadequate and that soft quark terms are comparably important at high Q2.
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Forward trijet production in proton-nucleus collisions: gluon initiated channel
Analytical CGC amplitudes and cross sections for forward g o q¯qg and g o ggg trijet production in pA collisions are obtained, with rapidity and collinear divergences shown to match JIMWLK and DGLAP evolution.
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Unbiased Data-Driven Determination of the Nuclear Dipole Amplitude in the Color Glass Condensate
The 208Pb dipole amplitude is learned from R_pPb and coherent J/ψ photoproduction data with the BK equation embedded in training, giving Q²_s0(Pb)/Q²_s0(p) = 3.17 and an MV-type initial condition.
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Simultaneous Color Glass Condensate fit to deep inelastic scattering and forward hadron production at HERA, RHIC, and the LHC
A simultaneous LO CGC/BK fit to HERA DIS and RHIC/LHC forward hadron production reaches χ²/dof≈1, with complementary constraints and RHIC K-factors roughly twice those at the LHC.
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Confronting Color Glass Condensate at next-to-leading order with HERA data
A Bayesian global fit at full NLO+NLL accuracy extracts the posterior distribution for the non-perturbative initial condition of the NLO Balitsky-Kovchegov equation from HERA inclusive and charm data.
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Quantum simulating multi-particle processes in high energy nuclear physics: dijet production and color (de)coherence
A quantum-circuit framework maps partonic cross-sections for multi-particle QCD processes in media, benchmarked on dipole formation and antenna radiation at leading order.
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Quantum simulating multi-particle processes in high energy nuclear physics: dijet production and color (de)coherence
A framework is developed that encodes leading-order QCD antenna and dipole processes as quantum circuits, with benchmarks against analytic limits in simplified media.
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Revisiting the role of saturation in diffractive vector meson production
EMD-corrected LHC data enables a consistent CGC description of coherent and incoherent diffractive J/ψ production in γ+p and γ+Pb via Bayesian inference from combined HERA and LHC measurements.
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On the Two $R$-Factors in the Small-$x$ Shockwave Formalism
Replacing the rapidity argument of the dipole amplitude with ln min{1/|x|, 1/|ξ|} and refining initial conditions for non-linear evolution can eliminate two R-factors in small-x shockwave calculations.
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Constraining hot and cold nuclear matter properties from heavy-ion collisions and deep-inelastic scattering
Global analysis of HERA DIS and ALICE Pb+Pb data using saturation initial-state model determines early-time non-equilibrium η/s of QGP.
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Evaluating the ratio of the exclusive vector meson photoproduction to inclusive hadron/jet production cross section in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions
Color dipole calculations of the ratio of exclusive vector meson to inclusive jet/hadron photoproduction cross sections in UPC pA and AA collisions at LHC Run 4, including the double ratio R_UPC proposed for saturatio...
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Nuclear Cold QCD: Review and Future Strategy
Review summarizing observed cold nuclear matter modifications in hadron-nucleus collision data and proposing experimental strategies for the EIC to clarify underlying QCD mechanisms.
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Ultra-peripheral Collisions
Ultra-peripheral collisions of heavy ions are reviewed as the energy frontier for photon physics; the paper consolidates a decade of LHC/RHIC results and proposes no new measurement.
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