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Quantum information approach to high energy interactions
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Quantum information approach to high energy interactions
abstract
High energy hadron interactions are commonly described by using a probabilistic parton model that ignores quantum entanglement present in the light-cone wave functions. Here we argue that since a high energy interaction samples an instant snapshot of the hadron wave function, the phases of different Fock state wave functions cannot be measured - therefore the light-cone density matrix has to be traced over these unobservable phases. Performing this trace with the corresponding $U(1)$ Haar integration measure leads to "Haar scrambling" of the density matrix, and to the emergence of entanglement entropy. This entanglement entropy is determined by the Fock state probability distribution, and is thus directly related to the parton structure functions. As proposed earlier, at large rapidity $\eta$ the hadron state becomes maximally entangled, and the entanglement entropy is $S_E \sim \eta$ according to QCD evolution equations. When the phases of Fock state components are controlled, for example in spin asymmetry measurements, the Haar average cannot be performed, and the probabilistic parton description breaks down.
Forward citations
Cited by 10 Pith papers
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Higher-order local constraints from reciprocal symmetry and entanglement entropy of charged-particle multiplicity distributions in $pp$ collisions
The reciprocal symmetry of the KNO-violating term yields the new constraint δ₃=0 at n=⟨n⟩ (untestable at present precision), fails globally at 13 TeV, and the derived entropy S=ln⟨n⟩+I₀−½∫e^{-z}f_s²dz matches ATLAS da...
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Reciprocal symmetry and KNO scaling violation in proton-proton collisions
A z ↔ 1/z reciprocal symmetry is found in KNO scaling violations in pp collisions, imposing the constraint P'(⟨n⟩) = −P(⟨n⟩)/⟨n⟩ that enables entanglement entropy extraction from the well-measured multiplicity region.
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An approximate formula for the entropy of the negative binomial distribution
An approximate formula for the entropy of the negative binomial distribution is given, accurate to within 20% for extreme parameter values.
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An approximate formula for the entropy of the negative binomial distribution
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Entanglement entropy, Monte Carlo event generators, and soft gluons DIScovery
Including soft gluons in Monte Carlo generators for DIS aligns parton distributions with inclusive PDFs and makes entropy grow with decreasing x, indicating initial-state origin of the bulk entropy.
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