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A Comprehensive Survey of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG): Evolution, Current Landscape and Future Directions

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arxiv 2410.12837 v1 pith:DQFQPTTB submitted 2024-10-03 cs.CL cs.AIcs.IR

A Comprehensive Survey of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG): Evolution, Current Landscape and Future Directions

classification cs.CL cs.AIcs.IR
keywords modelsgenerationlanguageretrievalretrieval-augmentedaddressingcomprehensivecurrent
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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This paper presents a comprehensive study of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), tracing its evolution from foundational concepts to the current state of the art. RAG combines retrieval mechanisms with generative language models to enhance the accuracy of outputs, addressing key limitations of LLMs. The study explores the basic architecture of RAG, focusing on how retrieval and generation are integrated to handle knowledge-intensive tasks. A detailed review of the significant technological advancements in RAG is provided, including key innovations in retrieval-augmented language models and applications across various domains such as question-answering, summarization, and knowledge-based tasks. Recent research breakthroughs are discussed, highlighting novel methods for improving retrieval efficiency. Furthermore, the paper examines ongoing challenges such as scalability, bias, and ethical concerns in deployment. Future research directions are proposed, focusing on improving the robustness of RAG models, expanding the scope of application of RAG models, and addressing societal implications. This survey aims to serve as a foundational resource for researchers and practitioners in understanding the potential of RAG and its trajectory in natural language processing.

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Cited by 18 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

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    cs.AI 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    TADI shows that domain-specialized tools orchestrated by an LLM over dual structured and semantic databases can convert heterogeneous wellsite data into evidence-grounded drilling intelligence, with tool design matter...

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    cs.IR 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    DotRAG reformulates graph retrieval as query-guided path reasoning with Division of Thought, reporting SOTA results on MetaQA and UltraDomain for multi-hop tasks.

  3. PowerDAG: Supervisory Agentic AI System for Automating Distribution Grid Analysis

    eess.SY 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    PowerDAG achieves 94-100% success on unseen distribution grid analysis queries by combining adaptive retrieval with similarity-decay cutoff and just-in-time supervision, outperforming ReAct, LangChain, and CrewAI baselines.

  4. CrossTraffic: An Open-Source Framework for Reproducible and Executable Transportation Analysis and Knowledge Management

    cs.CY 2026-02 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    CrossTraffic encodes transportation methodologies in an executable core and ontology-driven knowledge graph, enabling LLM-assisted analyses with near-zero numerical error and perfect invalid-input detection.

  5. Light-Omni: Reflex over Reasoning in Agentic Video Understanding with Long-Term Memory

    cs.CV 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.5

    Dual global+latent states with hierarchical episodic merging enable reflexive, low-latency long-video agents that beat iterative reasoning baselines on accuracy and efficiency.

  6. HMARS: A Hierarchical Multi-Agent Memory System for Long-Context Reasoning

    cs.IR 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    HMARS introduces a hierarchical multi-agent memory system that outperforms standard retrieval and other baselines on long-document and multi-turn reasoning tasks through improved evidence coverage.

  7. Why Retrieval-Augmented Generation Fails: A Graph Perspective

    cs.CL 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Attribution graphs reveal that RAG failures arise from shallow fragmented evidence flow in LLMs, enabling topology-based detection and targeted interventions that reinforce question-guided routing.

  8. GRACE-RAG: Governed Retrieval Architecture for Canonical Evidence Synthesis, Enabling Lightweight Deployment in Closed-Domain Institutional Settings

    cs.IR 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    GRACE-RAG is a governed graph-augmented RAG architecture that moves structural reasoning to retrieval, reporting up to 20% quality gains on mid-scale models in closed-domain settings.

  9. PowerDAG: Supervisory Agentic AI System for Automating Distribution Grid Analysis

    eess.SY 2026-03 conditional novelty 6.0

    Adaptive exemplar retrieval plus just-in-time prerequisite checks let LLM agents complete distribution-grid analysis workflows at 94–100% Pass@1 across six models, beating ReAct, LangChain, CrewAI, and PowerChain.

  10. Agentic AI and Retrieval-Augmented Models in Straight-Through Underwriting

    cs.AI 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0

    On 635 synthetic BOP applications, multi-agent Agentic RAG reaches 86.5% decision accuracy versus 77.6% single-LLM and 76.9% naive RAG, with largest gains on multi-step and missing-information cases.

  11. Qiskit Code Migration with LLMs

    cs.SE 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    A taxonomy-guided RAG system with LLMs reduces hallucinations and improves migration suggestions for Qiskit code compared to unconstrained retrieval.

  12. A Sociotechnical, Practitioner-Centered Approach to Technology Adoption in Cybersecurity Operations: An LLM Case

    cs.CR 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    A six-month ethnographic co-creation project in a real SOC demonstrates that practitioner involvement in LLM tool design can overcome typical adoption barriers in cybersecurity operations.

  13. Learning from AVA: Early Lessons from a Curated and Trustworthy Generative AI for Policy and Development Research

    cs.HC 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    AVA is a specialized GenAI platform for development policy research that provides verifiable syntheses from World Bank reports and is associated with 2.4-3.9 hours of weekly time savings in a large-scale user evaluation.

  14. Adaptive Query Routing: A Tier-Based Framework for Hybrid Retrieval Across Financial, Legal, and Medical Documents

    cs.IR 2026-04 conditional novelty 5.0

    Tree reasoning outperforms vector search on complex document queries but a hybrid approach balances results across tiers, with validation showing an 11.7-point gap on real finance documents.

  15. End-to-end Contrastive Language-Speech Pretraining Model For Long-form Spoken Question Answering

    cs.SD 2025-11 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    CLSR is an end-to-end contrastive language-speech retriever using an intermediate text-like conversion step to improve retrieval of relevant segments from long audio for spoken question answering.

  16. ARIS: Agentic and Relationship Intelligence System for Social Robots

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    ARIS integrates a graph-based Social World Model, RAG, and agentic architecture for social robots and reports higher user ratings for intelligence, animacy, anthropomorphism, and likeability than an LLM baseline in a ...

  17. Less LLM, More Documents: Searching for Improved RAG

    cs.IR 2025-10 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Corpus scaling in RAG frequently matches the accuracy gains from larger LLMs on open-domain QA tasks, with mid-sized models benefiting most due to better passage coverage.

  18. Advances and Challenges in Foundation Agents: From Brain-Inspired Intelligence to Evolutionary, Collaborative, and Safe Systems

    cs.AI 2025-03 unverdicted novelty 2.0

    This survey frames foundation agents using brain-inspired modular architectures and reviews challenges in evolution, collaboration, and safety.