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arxiv: 2605.24790 · v2 · pith:JEXOTVNL · submitted 2026-05-24 · cond-mat.mes-hall · quant-ph

High-fidelity EDSR in Si/SiGe Wiggle Wells

Hudaiba Soomro , Minyoung Kim , Avani Vivrekar , M. A. Eriksson , Benjamin D. Woods , Mark Friesen This is my paper

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classification cond-mat.mes-hall quant-ph
keywords EDSRSi/SiGe quantum wellsWiggle Wellsalloy disorderRabi frequencyvalley splittingsweet spotsspin qubits
0
0 comments X

The pith

Alloy disorder in Si/SiGe Wiggle Wells randomizes the Rabi frequency but still permits fast EDSR at most locations and high-fidelity operations at sweet spots.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper investigates electric dipole spin resonance in Si/SiGe quantum wells with Ge concentration oscillations called Wiggle Wells. Alloy disorder randomizes the valley phase, which causes the Rabi frequency to vary spatially according to its cosine dependence. Despite this randomization, fast EDSR remains possible at most locations in a sample. A new driving mechanism appears from valley dipoles in areas of low valley splitting. Sweet spots are found where EDSR stays insensitive to electric field fluctuations, and high-fidelity Rabi oscillations hold under realistic charge noise.

Core claim

Alloy disorder affects EDSR in two main ways. The Rabi frequency acquires a dependence on the valley phase, given by cos phi_s,s, which causes spatial randomization of the Rabi frequency. Despite this variability, fast EDSR can be achieved at most locations across a given sample. A new Rabi driving mechanism emerges, enabled by valley dipoles and the hybridization of ground and excited valley states. Sweet spots are located where EDSR is relatively insensitive to electric-field fluctuations, and high-fidelity Rabi oscillations can be achieved in the presence of realistic charge noise.

What carries the argument

The cosine dependence of the Rabi frequency on the valley phase phi_s,s together with the identification of sweet spots that are insensitive to electric-field fluctuations.

Load-bearing premise

The model of alloy disorder and the assumed statistics of charge noise are sufficient to predict the existence and location of sweet spots where EDSR fidelity remains high.

What would settle it

An experiment that measures Rabi oscillation fidelity at the predicted sweet spots under realistic charge noise and finds fidelities substantially below the claimed high values would falsify the result.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2605.24790 by Avani Vivrekar, Benjamin D. Woods, Hudaiba Soomro, M. A. Eriksson, Mark Friesen, Minyoung Kim.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1. Schematic illustration of EDSR operation in a long-period Si Wiggle Well. (a) A quantum well is formed between [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2. Rabi frequency distributions in the presence of alloy [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3. Typical disordered landscapes, for several parame [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4. Identifying high-fidelity regions of EDSR. (a) A [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5. Spatial maps of scaled dephasing rates and valley phases ( [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: FIG. 6. Histograms of scaled Rabi frequencies, where [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: FIG. 7. Numerical verification of the Rabi frequency formula, [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p013_7.png] view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: FIG. 8. Ratios of in-plane and out-of-plane electric-field fluc [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p016_8.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Si/SiGe quantum wells that incorporate Ge concentration oscillations, known as long-period Wiggle Wells, have been shown to enhance the Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling of conduction-band electrons. Such intrinsic spin-orbit coupling is desirable when performing spin-qubit gate operations based on electric dipole spin resonance (EDSR) because it eliminates the need for external micromagnets. However, random-alloy disorder plays a key role in this materials system by spatially randomizing the valley splitting and the valley phase $\phi_{s,s}$, and it has not been fully accounted for in recent EDSR analyses. Here, we show that alloy disorder affects EDSR in two main ways. First, the Rabi frequency $\Omega$ acquires a dependence on the valley phase, given by $\cos\phi_{s,s}$, which causes spatial randomization of $\Omega$. Despite this variability, we show that fast EDSR can be achieved at most locations across a given sample. Second, a new Rabi driving mechanism emerges, enabled by valley dipoles and the hybridization of ground and excited valley states, which arise from alloy disorder and EDSR driving, respectively. This mechanism is dominant in regions of low valley splitting. Alloy disorder can therefore strengthen EDSR, but it can also cause gradients in $\Omega$ that lead to dephasing in the rotating frame. We explore this problem by first locating "sweet spots," where EDSR is relatively insensitive to electric-field fluctuations. We then show that high-fidelity Rabi oscillations can be achieved in the presence of realistic charge noise. These results suggest that Wiggle Wells are a promising platform for high-quality, micromagnet-free gate operations.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

0 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript examines alloy disorder effects on EDSR in Si/SiGe Wiggle Wells. It shows that the Rabi frequency Ω acquires a cos φ_{s,s} dependence on the valley phase, leading to spatial randomization, yet fast EDSR remains possible at most sites. A secondary valley-dipole driving mechanism is identified for low valley-splitting regions. Sweet spots insensitive to electric-field fluctuations are located numerically, and high-fidelity Rabi oscillations are demonstrated under realistic charge-noise trajectories using explicit disorder Hamiltonians and noise spectra.

Significance. If the numerical results hold, the work provides concrete evidence that Wiggle Wells can support micromagnet-free, high-fidelity EDSR despite alloy disorder, addressing a central materials challenge for Si spin qubits. The explicit modeling of the valley-phase dependence, the valley-dipole mechanism, and propagation of charge-noise trajectories to fidelity metrics supplies reproducible, falsifiable predictions that strengthen the case for this platform.

minor comments (2)
  1. [Results section on sweet spots and fidelity] The definition of the fidelity metric (e.g., how the rotating-frame dephasing from Ω gradients is quantified) should be stated explicitly in the main text rather than deferred to the supplement, as it is central to the high-fidelity claim.
  2. Figure captions for the spatial maps of Ω and sweet-spot locations should include the precise disorder realization parameters (e.g., Ge oscillation amplitude and correlation length) used in the simulations.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

0 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the positive and accurate summary of our manuscript, as well as the recommendation for minor revision. No specific major comments were raised in the report.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity detected

full rationale

The derivation proceeds from an explicit disorder Hamiltonian to the valley-phase dependence of Ω (via cos φ_{s,s}), then to numerical identification of sweet spots and fidelity under charge-noise trajectories. All load-bearing steps are defined by the stated physical model and simulation protocol rather than by fitting the target fidelity or Rabi frequency to the same data, and no self-citation chain is invoked to justify uniqueness or ansatz choices. The modeling assumptions are internally consistent and externally falsifiable, satisfying the criteria for a self-contained derivation.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claims rest on an unstated model of random-alloy disorder, an assumed distribution of charge noise, and the validity of the effective Hamiltonian used to derive the Rabi-frequency expression; none of these are independently verified in the abstract.

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discussion (0)

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Reference graph

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