Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 0 of 0 outbound references and 46 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2301.01768.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T12:24:54.381272Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z
0 of 0 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
36
arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z
No outbound reference observations are available for this paper version.
Observation d43d2054-0047-4a95-82cd-daefb91f32df · inbound
A Roadmap to Pluralistic Alignment The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 267
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 4a655924-db8d-48de-80f2-ac7ea556537d · inbound
Exploring the Potential Role of Generative AI in the TRAPD Procedure for Survey Translation The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 126
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 73045891-0d08-46af-90a7-2272ac69fca0 · inbound
Mapping and Influencing the Political Ideology of Large Language Models using Synthetic Personas The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ea0552de-393b-450f-a6de-b84e0f0b058b · inbound
Emergence of human-like polarization among large language model agents The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 71
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 0da8b195-ff0a-438c-ac30-c65303c9c836 · inbound
SAIF: A Comprehensive Framework for Evaluating the Risks of Generative AI in the Public Sector The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 05dcc4f1-2860-4bdb-8085-0b6aeca8367c · inbound
Normative Evaluation of Large Language Models with Everyday Moral Dilemmas The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3fce4f30-974a-4d4c-9ad3-e46f6634d3a2 · inbound
How Inclusively do LMs Perceive Social and Moral Norms? The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b571eb89-14b2-49be-b442-29507e440297 · inbound
IssueBench: Millions of Realistic Prompts for Measuring Issue Bias in LLM Writing Assistance The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a2e19b70-34ec-4124-bb7e-aee156240eb9 · inbound
Language Agents as Digital Representatives in Collective Decision-Making The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 55
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 624fe149-ce6a-4a6b-add5-85be1ba63f90 · inbound
Benchmarking Multi-National Value Alignment for Large Language Models The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 55
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d4b14731-9496-4058-af96-f45d0cc1c8d0 · inbound
Large Language Models are often politically extreme, usually ideologically inconsistent, and persuasive even in informational contexts The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation eef894d7-3657-42a0-8079-fe69a66e5780 · inbound
Learn, Explore and Reflect by Chatting: Understanding the Value of an LLM-Based Voting Advice Application Chatbot The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 595bf063-9ce2-470b-acc3-85148db61c90 · inbound
Analyzing Political Bias in LLMs via Target-Oriented Sentiment Classification The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ce6dbd5d-2b57-4eae-a6a8-2b06d8f24e83 · inbound
Political Ideology Shifts in Large Language Models The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ce64dd98-d3d3-49b5-89b1-949f5d410844 · inbound
The LLM Has Left The Chat: Evidence of Bail Preferences in Large Language Models The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation af0c01d6-8cb3-4f20-a174-f1f4e360840b · inbound
Conversational AI increases political knowledge as effectively as self-directed internet search The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 860313ea-4d3b-4583-9576-09937fdb3eb6 · inbound
Conversational AI increases political knowledge as effectively as self-directed internet search The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 2023
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 905b8220-6688-44c1-8a92-ef838ddfdae4 · inbound
POW: Political Overton Windows of Large Language Models The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 77b92ae8-a2c0-456e-a118-d9433242b4d1 · inbound
Bilingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Taiwan Sovereignty Benchmark Study The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6ad82039-6683-4396-b579-d55b639c052c · inbound
Ideological Bias in LLMs' Economic Causal Reasoning The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 18a6afb9-143d-4297-9717-d60badcf7911 · inbound
Measuring Opinion Bias and Sycophancy via LLM-based Persuasion The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 6f5d9ead-fb7b-43c6-b826-48c1b436b924 · inbound
Political Bias Audits of LLMs Capture Sycophancy to the Inferred Auditor The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 2ae57312-4221-402b-b950-39f80fadf738 · inbound
Efficient Preference Poisoning Attack on Offline RLHF The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation a8e1ebe8-06a4-4edd-b755-275e7e8f2241 · inbound
Political Plasticity: An Analysis of Ideological Adaptability in Large Language Models The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 4267b968-ca0d-4220-89ab-86a09f6003be · inbound
Persona-Model Collapse in Emergent Misalignment The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 43589ffe-da7c-4300-a320-7aafbbe341d8 · inbound
Persona-Model Collapse in Emergent Misalignment The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 92ec1a3d-f840-46a2-bda8-feae91015dd8 · inbound
Reducing Political Manipulation with Consistency Training The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 91d4072d-f9af-4942-a05e-940c464c5929 · inbound
Reducing Political Manipulation with Consistency Training The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 3a095a18-7704-4d23-b0ca-19cffa46a987 · inbound
Progressive in Principle, Centrist in Practice: LLM Political Bias Is Instrument-Dependent The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation a88241be-3d44-4bf5-a311-898da37df8f5 · inbound
Progressive in Principle, Centrist in Practice: LLM Political Bias Is Instrument-Dependent The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f277d2bd-e8d4-4cfd-b0b8-84156a299733 · inbound
Progressive in Principle, Centrist in Practice: LLM Political Bias Is Instrument-Dependent The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 455432c5-251c-4bfb-bea4-ea8db5be584f · inbound
The Neutral Mask: How RLHF Provides Shallow Alignment while Leaving Partisan Structure Intact in a Large Language Model The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 41bd3091-833f-4520-9c8a-24249e94eaff · inbound
Polar: A Benchmark for Evaluating Political Bias in LLMs The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 9375681f-9c77-4f83-8c66-d48ae88468f5 · inbound
M\"OVE: A Holistic LLM Benchmark for the German Public Sector The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 130
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 36542db9-94d8-4d34-9924-e853d6b6cfee · inbound
Unmasking LAION-5B: Age, Gender, Race, and Emotion Biases in Large-Scale Image Datasets The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 182
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 355d531e-c7c3-4fc6-a83d-cca0c7f37ee0 · inbound
LLM-Ideoplasticity: Measuring Ideological Plasticity in the Political Behavior of LLMs as a Context-Conditioned Distribution The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 711fd062-7932-4228-bb16-8c3c1973fc1a · inbound
LLM-Ideoplasticity: Measuring Ideological Plasticity in the Political Behavior of LLMs as a Context-Conditioned Distribution The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 2023
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation bdeba022-45a1-4609-849e-d93c15338c29 · inbound
A Penny for Your Prompts: Experiments Detecting and Mitigating LLM Usage by Survey Respondents The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 80c7c13a-50d0-40e4-aae2-25cb9fb97992 · inbound
The Agentic Garden of Forking Paths The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 3a8fc428-02e9-4c49-b483-b04add7f74f4 · inbound
Synthetic Contact with AI Reduces Cross-Partisan Animosity The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation f318a825-0a16-458b-ace9-8c4781f50cc3 · inbound
Training with (Swap) Regret Loss in a Single-Layer Self-Attention Model: A Case Study on the Probability Simplex The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 247
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2d9a8600-25bd-4edc-8688-0bafe4b0586e · inbound
From Values to Benchmarks: Evaluating Large Language Models for Governmental Use in Dutch The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 703e120d-5a66-4673-a1a6-c4e0a7a6db97 · inbound
The Deliberative Deficit: An Empirical Critique of LLMs in Democratic Discourse The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 265
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5ef0ecd2-7b89-48bd-860f-bfe66f45bee9 · inbound
INSIDE the Student's Mind: Jointly Modeling Latent Reasoning and Action in LLM Student Simulators The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e92c894c-3713-4aa8-b7d6-6d608d8b58aa · inbound
Every Token Counts: Exact Likert-Scale Distributions for Measuring LLM Attitudes and Biases The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 148
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation bbf1951a-766d-4a36-a655-fda52181c988 · inbound
How China-Origin Vision-Language Models Move from Refusal to Reframing in State Alignment The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.