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Interpretable Steering of Large Language Models with Feature Guided Activation Additions

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arxiv 2501.09929 v3 pith:BP6A5TMG submitted 2025-01-17 cs.LG cs.AIcs.CL

Interpretable Steering of Large Language Models with Feature Guided Activation Additions

classification cs.LG cs.AIcs.CL
keywords steeringactivationmodelfgaamethodsacrossadditionsexisting
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Effective and reliable control over large language model (LLM) behavior is a significant challenge. While activation steering methods, which add steering vectors to a model's hidden states, are a promising approach, existing techniques often lack precision and interpretability in how they influence model outputs. We introduce Feature Guided Activation Additions (FGAA), a novel activation steering method that leverages insights from Contrastive Activation Addition (CAA) and Sparse Autoencoder-Targeted Steering (SAE-TS). By operating in the latent space of a Sparse Autoencoder (SAE) and employing optimization techniques to select desired SAE features, FGAA constructs precise steering vectors that provide better steering effects while maintaining coherence of steered model outputs. In this regard, evaluations on Gemma-2-2B and Gemma-2-9B models across various steering tasks demonstrate that FGAA outperforms existing steering methods of CAA, SAE decoder steering, and SAE-TS. Our results also highlight important trade-offs between steering scale and general model capabilities that are consistent across all tested steering methods.

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Cited by 10 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. REALISTA: Realistic Latent Adversarial Attacks that Elicit LLM Hallucinations

    cs.CL 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 8.0

    REALISTA optimizes continuous combinations of valid editing directions in latent space to produce realistic adversarial prompts that elicit hallucinations more effectively than prior methods, including on large reason...

  2. Latent Reward Steering: An Adaptive Inference-Time Framework that Implicitly Promotes Cognitive Behaviors in Reasoning LLMs

    cs.AI 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    LRS trains a latent reward model on final-answer correctness to steer SAE states during inference, improving reasoning performance and implicitly encouraging better cognitive behaviors.

  3. Multilingual Steering by Design: Multilingual Sparse Autoencoders and Principled Layer Selection

    cs.CL 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Multilingual SAEs strengthen cross-lingual representations for reliable steering and an intersection-based rule selects effective layers without exhaustive search.

  4. Transcoders Trace Visual Grounding and Hallucinations in Vision-Language Models

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Transcoders decompose MLP layers in Gemma 3-4B-IT to trace visual grounding more effectively than SAEs and predict hallucinations from circuit graph features at AUC 0.68.

  5. REALISTA: Realistic Latent Adversarial Attacks that Elicit LLM Hallucinations

    cs.CL 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    REALISTA generates semantically coherent adversarial prompts via latent-space optimization over input-dependent editing directions, achieving stronger hallucination elicitation than prior realistic attacks on open-sou...

  6. Continuous Interpretive Steering for Scalar Diversity

    cs.CL 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Continuous Interpretive Steering and the GraSD dataset reveal that LLMs encode graded sensitivity to scalar diversity in their internal representations, recoverable via controlled activation interventions.

  7. On Emotion-Sensitive Decision Making of Small Language Model Agents

    cs.AI 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Emotional perturbations induced via activation steering systematically alter strategic choices made by small language model agents in cooperative and competitive game templates, yet the resulting behaviors remain unst...

  8. Painless Activation Steering: An Automated, Lightweight Approach for Post-Training Large Language Models

    cs.CL 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    PAS automates activation steering for LLMs using labeled data to improve behavior control on tasks like bias and alignment, with gains over ICL and SFT but limited effect on intelligence tasks.

  9. Locate, Steer, and Improve: A Practical Survey of Actionable Mechanistic Interpretability in Large Language Models

    cs.CL 2026-01 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    The survey organizes mechanistic interpretability techniques into a Locate-Steer-Improve framework to enable actionable improvements in LLM alignment, capability, and efficiency.

  10. Mechanistic Interpretability for Neural Networks: Circuits, Sparse Features and Symbolic Reasoning

    cs.LG 2026-07 accept

    A scoping review surveying circuit analysis, sparse autoencoders, activation steering, and neurosymbolic frameworks for interpreting and controlling Transformer-based neural networks.