REVIEW 15 cited by
Phase effects from strong gravitational lensing of gravitational waves
Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.
This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.
SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event
T0 review · schema-true
One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.
pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp
Phase effects from strong gravitational lensing of gravitational waves
read the original abstract
Assessing the probability that two or more gravitational waves (GWs) are lensed images of the same source requires an understanding of the image properties, including their relative phase shifts in strong lensing (SL). For non-precessing, circular binaries dominated by quadrupole radiation these phase shifts are degenerate with either a shift in the coalescence phase or a detector and inclination dependent shift in the orientation angle. This degeneracy is broken by the presence of higher harmonic modes with $|m|\ne 2$ in the former and $|m| \ne l$ in the latter. Precession or eccentricity will also break this degeneracy. This implies that lensed GWs will not necessarily be consistent with (unlensed) predictions from general relativity (GR). Therefore, unlike EM lensing, GW SL can lead to images with an observable modified phase evolution. However, for a wide parameter space, the lensed waveform is similar enough to an unlensed waveform that detection pipelines will still find it. For present detectors, templates with a shifted detector-dependent orientation angle have SNR differences of less than $1\%$ for mass ratios up to 0.1, and less than $5\%$ for precession parameters up to 0.5 and eccentricities up to 0.4 at 20Hz. The mismatch is lower than $10\%$ with the alternative detector-independent coalescence phase shift. Nonetheless, for a loud enough source, even with one image it may be possible to directly identify it as a SL image from its non-GR waveform. In more extreme cases, lensing may lead to considerable distortions, and the lensed GWs may be undetected with current searches. Nevertheless, an exact template with a phase shift in Fourier space can always be constructed to fit any lensed GW. We conclude that an optimal search strategy would incorporate phase information in all stages, with an exact treatment in the final assessment of the probability of multiple lensed events.
Forward citations
Cited by 15 Pith papers
-
Effective description of lensed gravitational waves diffracted by stellar fields
Authors synthesize SVD-based reduced-order models from wave-optics simulations to provide an effective stochastic description of stellar microlensing distortions on lensed gravitational waves.
-
Accurate waveforms for generic planar-orbit binary black holes: The multipolar effective-one-body model SEOBNRv6EHM
SEOBNRv6EHM is a multipolar EOB model for eccentric planar-orbit BBHs calibrated to NR simulations, showing low waveform mismatches up to eccentricity 0.9.
-
Prospect of Measuring the Cosmic Dipole by Associating Strongly Lensed Gravitational Waves with Galaxy Surveys
Simulations forecast that 10 years of Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer data could detect the cosmic dipole magnitude using strongly lensed GW events, with tighter bounds from combining double, triple, and quadru...
-
Gravitational lensing of gravitational waves: universal characteristics of strongly lensed memory waveforms
Strongly lensed gravitational-wave memory waveforms acquire universal parity signatures—odd for type I/III images, even for type II—that can identify image type via a simple step-function approximation.
-
The diffraction-lensing interpretation of GW231123 with astrophysical priors
GW231123 is better fit by a lower-mass merger diffracted by an isolated ~1000 M_sun lens, but astrophysical priors and a frequentist rate estimate make this lensing interpretation unlikely.
-
Wave-optics imprints of dark matter subhalos on strongly lensed gravitational waves. II. Saddle images and detectability
Subhalos produce percent-level modulations in saddle and minimum images; matched-filter analysis yields >5σ combined detections in 62% of realizations for fiducial sources near caustics, projecting 10-20 substructure ...
-
Prospect of Measuring the Cosmic Dipole by Associating Strongly Lensed Gravitational Waves with Galaxy Surveys
Simulations for Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer forecast that decade-scale samples of strongly lensed GWs can constrain the cosmic dipole magnitude at the few×10^{-3} level when combined with multi-image events.
-
Forecasting Constraints on Cosmology and Modified Gravitational-wave Propagation by Combining Strongly Lensed Gravitational Waves and Galaxy Surveys
Simulated doubly lensed gravitational-wave events matched to galaxy surveys give a forecasted H0 precision of 0.42% with next-generation detectors.
-
Across the Universe: GW231123 as a magnified and diffracted black hole merger
GW231123's extreme mass and spins may be explained by a point-mass microlens embedded in a galaxy, reducing the inferred source mass to about 100-180 solar masses.
-
Improved Identification of Strongly Lensed Gravitational Waves with Host Galaxy Locations
A two-step Bayesian reweighting scheme using Euclid galaxy locations boosts the Bayes factor for true lensed GW pairs by a factor of about 10 while lowering it for unlensed coincidences.
-
Can Eccentric Binary Black Hole Signals Mimic Gravitational-Wave Microlensing?
Eccentric BBH signals can masquerade as wave-optics microlensing in quasicircular analyses, but eccentric recovery templates break the degeneracy.
-
Biases in Tests of General Relativity from Microlensed Gravitational-Wave Signals
Microlensing in the wave-optics regime can push standard LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA general-relativity tests to false ~4–4.5σ deviations, even for signals that are perfectly consistent with GR.
-
Discovering gravitational waveform distortions from lensing: A deep dive into GW231123
GW231123's apparent gravitational-lensing signal has a false-alarm probability around 4σ, so the event cannot be claimed as lensed under the two-image wave-optics model.
-
Machine Learning Assisted Parameter-Space Searches for Lensed Gravitational Waves
Normalizing flow based non-Gaussian consistency tests in a compressed detector basis select GW170104-GW170814 as the only promising lensed pair in GWTC-3.
-
The Science of the Einstein Telescope
The paper provides state-of-the-art predictions for the Einstein Telescope's impact on fundamental physics, cosmology, compact-object astrophysics, and multi-messenger astronomy across its proposed configurations.
discussion (0)
Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.