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Negative neutrino masses as a mirage of dark energy

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arxiv 2407.10965 v2 pith:IXFPPASG submitted 2024-07-15 astro-ph.CO hep-ph

Negative neutrino masses as a mirage of dark energy

classification astro-ph.CO hep-ph
keywords mathrmconstraintsdarkenergymassesneutrinoanalyzecosmological
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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The latest cosmological constraints on the sum of the neutrino masses depend on prior physical assumptions about the mass spectrum. To test the accordance of cosmological and laboratory constraints in the absence of such priors, we introduce an effective neutrino mass parameter that extends consistently to negative values. For the $\Lambda$CDM model, we analyze data from Planck, ACT, and DESI and find a $2.8-3.3\sigma$ tension with the constraints from oscillation experiments. Motivated by recent hints of evolving dark energy, we analyze the $w_0w_a$ and mirage dark energy models, showing that they favour larger masses consistent with laboratory data, respectively $\sum m_{\nu,\mathrm{eff}} = 0.06_{-0.10}^{+0.15}\,\mathrm{eV}$ and $\sum m_{\nu,\mathrm{eff}} = 0.04_{-0.11}^{+0.15}\,\mathrm{eV}$ (both at 68%).

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