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GR-Athena++: General-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulations of neutron star spacetimes

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arxiv 2311.04989 v1 pith:LLOPTUV4 submitted 2023-11-08 gr-qc astro-ph.HEastro-ph.IM

classification gr-qcastro-ph.HEastro-ph.IM
keywords gr-athenaneutronspacetimesstargravitationalgrmhdadaptivebinary
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

We present the extension of GR-Athena++ to general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) for applications to neutron star spacetimes. The new solver couples the constrained transport implementation of Athena++ to the Z4c formulation of the Einstein equations to simulate dynamical spacetimes with GRMHD using oct-tree adaptive mesh refinement. We consider benchmark problems for isolated and binary neutron star spacetimes demonstrating stable and convergent results at relatively low resolutions and without grid symmetries imposed. The code correctly captures magnetic field instabilities in non-rotating stars with total relative violation of the divergence-free constraint of $10^{-16}$. It handles evolutions with a microphysical equation of state and black hole formation in the gravitational collapse of a rapidly rotating star. For binaries, we demonstrate correctness of the evolution under the gravitational radiation reaction and show convergence of gravitational waveforms. We showcase the use of adaptive mesh refinement to resolve the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the collisional interface in a merger of magnetised binary neutron stars. GR-Athena++ shows strong scaling efficiencies above $80\%$ in excess of $10^5$ CPU cores and excellent weak scaling is shown up to $\sim 5 \times 10^5$ CPU cores in a realistic production setup. GR-Athena++ allows for the robust simulation of GRMHD flows in strong and dynamical gravity with exascale computers.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. 3D Binary Neutron Star Merger Ejecta Evolution up to Seconds Timescale: Dynamics, Element Distribution, and Light Curves

    astro-ph.HE 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Long 3D simulations of neutron star merger ejecta show radioactive heating keeps reshaping heavy-element outflows, and 3D light curves are dimmer but no closer to AT2017gfo than 2D ones.

  2. Transport Properties of the MRI in Differentially Rotating Neutron Stars

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Saturated MRI turbulence in differentially rotating neutron stars yields ℓ_mix ≈ (0.01–0.1) λ_MRI, largely independent of density, so standard GRLES mixing-length prescriptions overestimate transport by about an order...

  3. GRACE: An Open-Source Framework for GPU-Accelerated Numerical Relativity

    gr-qc 2026-07 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

    GRACE is a validated, open-source, Kokkos+p4est GPU-portable framework that evolves ideal GRMHD with constrained transport self-consistently coupled to Z4c Einstein equations on fixed or adaptive meshes.

  4. Magnetic Field Configurations in Binary Neutron Star Mergers II: Inspiral, Merger and Ejecta

    astro-ph.HE 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Initial magnetic field topology, especially anti-aligned poloidal fields, strongly controls post-merger field amplification and ejecta magnetisation in neutron star merger simulations.

  5. Extending the infrastructure of the BAM code towards resistive general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics: tests and first applications

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    BAM gains a validated resistive GRMHD module; BNS runs show the parallel electric field reaching up to 10% of total strength in low-density disks, unlike ideal MHD.

  6. Magnetic field dynamics in isolated neutron stars with an external dipole field

    astro-ph.HE 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    Long-term numerical relativity simulations find that neutron star magnetic fields relax to stable mixed configurations with toroidal energy fraction ≲10% within one Alfvén time after Tayler instability saturation.

  7. Impact of rotation on magnetic field stability and orientation in isolated neutron stars

    astro-ph.HE 2025-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    In 3D GRMHD simulations, neutron star rotation delays Tayler, kink, and Parker instabilities, so faster-spinning models retain more magnetic energy over 10 Alfven times.

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