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Robo2VLM: Visual Question Answering from Large-Scale In-the-Wild Robot Manipulation Datasets

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arxiv 2505.15517 v2 pith:QCMC7KQC submitted 2025-05-21 cs.RO cs.AIcs.CLcs.LG

Robo2VLM: Visual Question Answering from Large-Scale In-the-Wild Robot Manipulation Datasets

classification cs.RO cs.AIcs.CLcs.LG
keywords robotrobo2vlmtrajectoryinteractionmanipulationquestionreasoningvlms
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) acquire real-world knowledge and general reasoning ability through Internet-scale image-text corpora. They can augment robotic systems with scene understanding and task planning, and assist visuomotor policies that are trained on robot trajectory data. We explore the reverse paradigm - using rich, real, multi-modal robot trajectory data to enhance and evaluate VLMs. In this paper, we present Robo2VLM, a Visual Question Answering (VQA) dataset generation framework for VLMs. Given a human tele-operated robot trajectory, Robo2VLM derives ground-truth from non-visual and non-descriptive sensory modalities, such as end-effector pose, gripper aperture, and force sensing. Based on these modalities, it segments the robot trajectory into a sequence of manipulation phases. At each phase, Robo2VLM uses scene and interaction understanding to identify 3D properties of the robot, task goal, and the target object. The properties are used to generate representative VQA queries - images with textural multiple-choice questions - based on spatial, goal-conditioned, and interaction reasoning question templates. We curate Robo2VLM-1, a large-scale in-the-wild dataset with 684,710 questions covering 463 distinct scenes and 3,396 robotic manipulation tasks from 176k real robot trajectories. Results suggest that Robo2VLM-1 can benchmark and improve VLM capabilities in spatial and interaction reasoning.

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Forward citations

Cited by 18 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

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  2. EmbodiedMidtrain: Bridging the Gap between Vision-Language Models and Vision-Language-Action Models via Mid-training

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    EmbodiedMidtrain mid-trains VLMs on curated VLA-aligned data subsets to improve downstream performance on robot manipulation benchmarks.

  3. SOLE-R1: Video-Language Reasoning as the Sole Reward for On-Robot Reinforcement Learning

    cs.RO 2026-03 conditional novelty 6.5

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  4. RynnBrain 1.1: Towards More Capable and Generalizable Embodied Foundation Model

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  7. EgoSteer: A Full-Stack System Towards Steerable Dexterous Manipulation from Egocentric Videos

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    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

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    cs.RO 2026-06 conditional novelty 6.0

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  12. Unified Embodied VLM Reasoning with Robotic Action via Autoregressive Discretized Pre-training

    cs.RO 2025-12 conditional novelty 6.0

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    GEM adds generative depth supervision to VLM pre-training and reports improved results on embodied benchmarks plus real-world robot execution.

  17. Extending Embodied Question Answering from Perception to Decision

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Introduces EQA-Decision dataset with 4M+ QA pairs across four embodied reasoning dimensions and RoboDecision baseline for joint perception-reasoning-decision evaluation.

  18. Rethinking VLM Representation for VLA Initialization

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