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Particle Physics Models of Inflation and the Cosmological Density Perturbation
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abstract
This is a review of particle-theory models of inflation, and of their predictions for the primordial density perturbation that is thought to be the origin of structure in the Universe. It contains mini-reviews of the relevant observational cosmology, of elementary field theory and of supersymmetry, that may be of interest in their own right. The spectral index $n(k)$, specifying the scale-dependence of the spectrum of the curvature perturbation, will be a powerful discriminator between models, when it is measured by Planck with accuracy $\Delta n\sim 0.01$. The usual formula for $n$ is derived, as well as its less familiar extension to the case of a multi-component inflaton; in both cases the key ingredient is the separate evolution of causally disconnected regions of the Universe. Primordial gravitational waves will be an even more powerful discriminator if they are observed, since most models of inflation predict that they are completely negligible. We treat in detail the new wave of models, which are firmly rooted in modern particle theory and have supersymmetry as a crucial ingredient. The review is addressed to both astrophysicists and particle physicists, and each section is fairly homogeneous regarding the assumed background knowledge.
Forward citations
Cited by 33 Pith papers
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Nonlinear Lattice Framework for Inflation: Bridging stochastic inflation and the $\delta{N}$ formalism
A shear-free locally FLRW lattice framework for single-field inflation captures spatially varying expansion, curvature corrections, and nonlinear δN observables at a fraction of the cost of full numerical relativity.
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Leptogenesis and Low Reheating Temperatures
Standard non-thermal leptogenesis works at arbitrarily low reheating temperatures above the BBN bound when the inflaton potential has a quartic minimum (k≥4), because the inflaton's evolving mass kinematically shuts o...
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Kinetic Gauge Friction in Natural Inflation
Kinetic gauge friction can sustain natural inflation with sub-Planckian f, and a Chern-Simons term stabilizes the perturbations, yielding CMB-compatible spectra.
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Mild Non-Gaussianities under Perturbative Control from Rapid-Turn Inflation Models
Leading-order exponential contributions to higher-order correlators in rapid-turn inflation cancel exactly in the in-in formalism, leaving order-one non-Gaussianity and preserving perturbative control.
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From Primordial Black Holes Abundance to Primordial Curvature Power Spectrum (and back)
Using numerical relativity thresholds, cosmological perturbation theory, and peak theory, the authors derive updated upper limits on the small-scale primordial curvature power spectrum from primordial black hole abund...
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(The) Wiggles going non-linear
N-body simulations calibrate a one-parameter damping model that predicts the non-linear matter power spectrum from wiggly primordial spectra to sub-percent accuracy when wiggle frequency is high enough.
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Axions on a Hyperbolic Ride: Geometric Suppression of CMB Isocurvature and a Blue-Tilted Spectrum
A hyperbolic PQ field-space metric exponentially suppresses CMB axion isocurvature and induces a blue-tilted spectrum, allowing H_inf≈10^13 GeV with fa up to 10^16 GeV.
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Fermion (non)reheating with a quartic inflaton potential
In the quartic T-model, inflaton decay to fermions is strongly suppressed by Pauli blocking and parametric resonance, so fermion-only reheating is effectively impossible unless y ≳ 0.2 or a scalar channel is added.
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Post-inflationary enhancement of adiabatic perturbations in modular cosmology
In modular inflation models, entropic perturbations frozen during inflation are converted into curvature perturbations after inflation, producing an enhanced power spectrum while preserving the spectral index ns.
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Generalized neutrino isocurvature
Generalizes neutrino isocurvature by introducing a mixing angle for the neutrino-matter perturbation ratio and derives first Planck limits on the angle.
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Aspects of Gravitational Portals and Freeze-in during Reheating
During reheating, freeze-in from the gravitationally produced radiation bath can dominate the dark matter relic density for DM masses above the reheating temperature, with k- and n-dependent constraints.
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Constraining inflation with nonminimal derivative coupling with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array third data release
Using PPTA DR3 data, the authors report 90% constraints on the nonminimal derivative coupling inflation parameters φc, ωL, and σ, with Bayes factor 0.9 against a power-law background.
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Adiabatic Perturbations in GW170817-Compatible Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Inflation
In Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet inflation, the unconstrained GW170817-compatible models keep perturbations adiabatic, while the constrained class violates adiabaticity in the last few e-foldings.
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The Goldstone Awakens: Unimodular dark energy in scale-invariant $R^2$ gravity
In a scale-invariant R² + unimodular-gravity model, the Goldstone boson of scale symmetry becomes thawing dark energy, with its equation of state fixed by the same coupling that sets the inflationary spectral tilt.
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Effective Constrained Scalar--Gauss--Bonnet Inflation Motivated by $f(R,\mathcal{G})$ Gravity
Effective constrained scalar-Gauss-Bonnet inflation yields ns ≃ 0.958 and r ≃ 2.7×10^{-4} with the exact theory eliminating propagating scalar degrees of freedom via vanishing lapse perturbation and ḋR=0.
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Recombination Thickness as an Uncertainty in Inflationary Observables
Finite recombination thickness introduces Gaussian smoothing in ln k to the primordial power spectrum, producing non-trivial differences between TT and EE spectral indices that may be detectable in future CMB data.
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ACT Data and Positive Running of the Spectral Index for Scalar Theory and Modified Gravity
Positive running of the spectral index is achievable in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity with viable inflation, unlike standard scalar field and F(R) models which face challenges.
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Bayesian analysis of $\alpha$-Starobinsky model with Planck, ACT and DESI data
With Planck+ACT+DESI, pure Starobinsky requires N*>60 while free α shows a 1σ preference for log10 α>0; ACT lensing adds little to the primordial constraints.
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Comparative study of the strong backreaction regime in axion inflation: the effect of the potential
In lattice simulations of axion inflation, the strong-backreaction stage that lengthens inflation occurs for all seven tested potentials, but its duration varies strongly with the potential.
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Imprints of Early Universe Cosmology on Gravitational Waves
Energy injection into a hidden sector can produce three phase transitions and a three-peak gravitational wave spectrum with a distinctive peak-frequency hierarchy detectable by future space-based observatories.
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From Quantum Correlations to Inflationary Tracking Scalar Field Evolution
The author argues, via condensed-matter-style analogies, that the inflationary tracking condition emerges when the correlation length of primordial quantum degrees of freedom scales as a power of the Hubble radius.
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A multi-axion model of inflation and dark matter
A 300-mode Kaluza-Klein axion tower is proposed as a unified inflaton and dark-matter sector, but the lightest state's quoted lifetime contradicts the paper's own decay-rate formula.
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Reheating in No-Scale Models of Inflation
Generalized no-scale models with R=2/(3α) for α≠1 or non-minimal gauge couplings allow unsuppressed inflaton decays, producing calculable reheating temperatures and (n_s,r) predictions.
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Reconstructing ACT-compatible and GW170817-compatible Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Inflation from the Observational Indices
Four Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet inflationary models are reconstructed from a chosen tensor-to-scalar ratio and shown to satisfy ACT and GW170817 constraints including scalar perturbation amplitude.
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Unified Cosmological Scenario in Holographic $f(Q)$ gravity: From Inflation to Late-Time Acceleration
A holographic f(Q) = ζ Q^n model yields slow-roll inflation consistent with Planck 2018 and late-time expansion compatible with CC+BAO data via CPL parametrization, with mild high-z deviations from ΛCDM.
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GW170817 Viable Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Inflation Compatible with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope Data
Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet inflation models with tuned small couplings can reproduce the ACT scalar spectral index and the Planck tensor-to-scalar ratio bound while keeping the gravitational wave speed within the GW170817 limit.
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Cosmological constraints on small-scale primordial non-Gaussianity
Current pulsar-timing, CMB, BAO and PBH data constrain the small-scale local f_NL to -10.0 < f_NL < 1.2 for a monochromatic primordial power spectrum, with that constraint conditional on the spectral amplitude A_zeta = 10^-2.
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Reconstructing slow-roll Scalar-Tensor Gauss-Bonnet single field inflation from running spectral data
Derives slow-roll observables and consistency relations for scalar-tensor Gauss-Bonnet inflation and fits a specific model to Planck data.
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A simple supergravity model of inflation constrained with Planck 2018 data
A single-parameter supergravity inflation model, previously ruled out for one parameter value, becomes compatible with Planck 2018 data when the slope parameter is slightly nonzero.
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Inflationary models in a minimally coupled $f(R,T)$ gravity: Constraints from $Planck$, BICEP/$Keck$, and ACT
Three standard inflationary potentials remain compatible with Planck, BICEP/Keck, DESI DR2, and ACT DR6 data when placed in minimally coupled f(R,T)=R+16πGλT gravity for suitable ranges of the model parameters and coupling λ.
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The Wave Function of the Universe and Inflation
Rearranging the Wheeler-DeWitt equation defines the inflaton potential in terms of an arbitrary wave-function phase and amplitude; nothing constrains that wave function, so the potential is relabeled rather than deriv...
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Tilt and Tensor-to-Scalar Ratio in Multi-Scalar Field Inflation: Non-Sum-Separable Case
A two-field chaotic inflation model with a kinetic-potential coupling can in principle lower ns and r, but the paper's analytic formulas miscompute the correction and its quoted parameter ranges are fitted rather than...
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Modified Gravity Theories on a Nutshell: Inflation, Bounce and Late-time Evolution
Modified gravity theories supply viable mathematical frameworks for inflation, bounces, and dark energy eras that match observational data.
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