Detection of a variable stratified UFO with velocities 0.1c and 0.3c, extreme mass outflow rates, and kinetic powers of 1-10% of bolometric luminosity in quasar WISSH13 at z=3.294.
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X-ray spectral modelling of the AGN obscuring region in the CDFS: Bayesian model selection and catalogue
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abstract
AGN are known to have complex X-ray spectra that depend on both the properties of the accreting SMBH (e.g. mass, accretion rate) and the distribution of obscuring material in its vicinity ("torus"). Often however, simple and even unphysical models are adopted to represent the X-ray spectra of AGN. In the case of blank field surveys in particular, this should have an impact on e.g. the determination of the AGN luminosity function, the inferred accretion history of the Universe and also on our understanding of the relation between AGN and their host galaxies. We develop a Bayesian framework for model comparison and parameter estimation of X-ray spectra. We take into account uncertainties associated with X-ray data and photometric redshifts. We also demonstrate how Bayesian model comparison can be used to select among ten different physically motivated X-ray spectral models the one that provides a better representation of the observations. Despite the use of low-count spectra, our methodology is able to draw strong inferences on the geometry of the torus. For a sample of 350 AGN in the 4 Ms Chandra Deep Field South field, our analysis identifies four components needed to represent the diversity of the observed X-ray spectra: (abridged). Simpler models are ruled out with decisive evidence in favour of a geometrically extended structure with significant Compton scattering. Regarding the geometry of the obscurer, there is strong evidence against both a completely closed or entirely open toroidal geometry, in favour of an intermediate case. The additional Compton reflection required by data over that predicted by toroidal geometry models, may be a sign of a density gradient in the torus or reflection off the accretion disk. Finally, we release a catalogue with estimated parameters such as the accretion luminosity in the 2-10 keV band and the column density, $N_{H}$, of the obscurer.
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representative citing papers
Correcting NIRISS charge migration reveals KELT-7 b as a metal-enriched (~92x solar) ultra-hot Jupiter with H2O, CO2 and TiO but no H- or clouds, orbiting a young metal-rich star.
The JWST transmission spectrum of TOI-1231 b shows strong CH4 detection and moderate CO2 evidence, consistent with a deep H2-rich atmosphere and no distinct surface.
Native-resolution retrievals on 0.97-5.27 micron JWST spectra of VHS 1256 b find a ~79% cloud deck, solar-like metallicity and C/O, and depleted 18O in a partially cloudy disequilibrium atmosphere.
First statistically significant detection of dayside silicate clouds on a Neptunian-mass exoplanet, with CO and CO2 detections and C/O ratio of 0.984 from JWST spectra.
Transit spectrum of TOI-6894b indicates 3-10x solar metallicity with solar C/O, N/O, and S/O ratios, similar to Jupiter and Saturn.
Phase-resolved high-resolution spectroscopy of CoRoT-2b measures sub-synchronous rotation at 2.6-sigma significance, consistent with its western hotspot offset.
High-resolution M-band spectroscopy detects super-stellar SiO in TWA 5 B, implying no significant magnesium-silicate clouds and formation consistent with core accretion beyond the CO snowline or gravitational instability with solid enrichment.
JWST NIRISS/SOSS data yield a transmission spectrum of the 23 Myr V1298 Tau c showing H2O absorption and an atmospheric metallicity of 14.8^{+56}_{-12} times solar, lower than mature planets of similar mass.
Direct imaging reveals enhanced metallicity and aligned orbit in 29 Cyg b, supporting protoplanetary disk formation near the deuterium burning limit.
JWST data on NGTS-10A b shows nightside CH4 depletion caused by day-to-night horizontal transport rather than vertical mixing or non-solar abundances.
AGN radiation pressure, not black-hole mass, simultaneously boosts large-scale [O III] outflows and clears circumnuclear gas as Eddington ratio rises.
Deep X-ray, radio, and infrared non-detections of GRS 1915+105 imply an intrinsic decline in accretion activity rather than enhanced obscuration, likely driven by 2023-2024 outflows clearing the inner disc.
Panchromatic JWST spectrum of WASP-121 b detects SiO and measures refractory-to-volatile ratios 3x stellar, consistent with mixed solid-gas accretion or migration with continued solid accretion.
Multi-wavelength data on GRB 260310A support an off-axis jet model explaining weak prompt emission and bright delayed afterglow, including reverse-shock signatures and late X-ray rebrightening.
SPICE-RACS DR2 delivers the largest single Faraday rotation measure catalog from a radio survey, with 250,000-340,000 RMs across most of the sky at median uncertainty of 2 rad m^{-2}.
SAPLE is a new semi-automated pipeline for extracting Swift UVOT and XRT lightcurves, magnitudes, absorption-corrected fluxes, and photon index values assuming a redshifted power-law spectrum.
XSNAP provides a unified pipeline for X-ray supernova analysis and derives a progenitor mass-loss rate of (6.2±0.2)×10^{-5} solar masses per year for SN 2024ggi assuming a 20 km/s wind.
BAGPIPES fitting of 9289 massive quiescent galaxies shows most SFHs rise gradually then quench in 1-2 Gyr, with faster quenching at z>1 and slower at z<1, interpreted as multiple AGN feedback and gas-supply mechanisms.
Spatially resolved observations of z~0.1 galaxies show Mg II absorption outflow velocities are systematically higher than Hα emission velocities by ~0.4 dex while maintaining similar correlations with star formation rate and surface density.
High-contrast imaging of HD 142527 reveals a candidate companion at ~14 au and an Hα spiral in the inner disk, possibly tracing accretion flows linked to companion B.
GJ 1132 b is estimated to have received at least 50 times the cumulative XUV flux of modern Earth with over 95% probability across models, supporting its classification as an atmosphere-free world.
A retrieval technique infers surface gas fluxes from exoplanet spectra via inversion of a photochemical-climate model, demonstrated on synthetic TRAPPIST-1 e data with an Archean-like biosphere.
RMF-CC models with ωρ coupling better match multi-messenger NS data and LQCD/NEP constraints than the baseline, yet standard RMF remains preferred without core phase transitions, requiring high Ksat ~300 MeV.
citing papers explorer
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The WISSHFUL program: the highest redshift UFO discovered in a non-lensed QSO
Detection of a variable stratified UFO with velocities 0.1c and 0.3c, extreme mass outflow rates, and kinetic powers of 1-10% of bolometric luminosity in quasar WISSH13 at z=3.294.
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Mitigating Charge Migration in JWST NIRISS Reveals That KELT-7 b is a Metal-enriched Ultra-hot Jupiter Orbiting a Young Metal-rich Star
Correcting NIRISS charge migration reveals KELT-7 b as a metal-enriched (~92x solar) ultra-hot Jupiter with H2O, CO2 and TiO but no H- or clouds, orbiting a young metal-rich star.
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Transmission Spectrum of the Benchmark Temperate Exo-Neptune TOI-1231 b
The JWST transmission spectrum of TOI-1231 b shows strong CH4 detection and moderate CO2 evidence, consistent with a deep H2-rich atmosphere and no distinct surface.
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Native-resolution retrievals of VHS 1256-1257 b spanning the JWST/NIRSpec wavelength range: Chemical composition of a partially cloudy atmosphere
Native-resolution retrievals on 0.97-5.27 micron JWST spectra of VHS 1256 b find a ~79% cloud deck, solar-like metallicity and C/O, and depleted 18O in a partially cloudy disequilibrium atmosphere.
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Glossy Silicate Clouds on the Scorched Dayside of LTT9779b
First statistically significant detection of dayside silicate clouds on a Neptunian-mass exoplanet, with CO and CO2 detections and C/O ratio of 0.984 from JWST spectra.
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C, N, O, S, and photochemistry in a temperate giant planet orbiting a late M dwarf
Transit spectrum of TOI-6894b indicates 3-10x solar metallicity with solar C/O, N/O, and S/O ratios, similar to Jupiter and Saturn.
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Unraveling the Mystery of the Peculiar and Young Hot Jupiter CoRoT-2b II: Phase Resolved Emission Spectroscopy with VLT/CRIRES+ and Gemini-S/IGRINS
Phase-resolved high-resolution spectroscopy of CoRoT-2b measures sub-synchronous rotation at 2.6-sigma significance, consistent with its western hotspot offset.
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The CRIMSON survey I: super-stellar SiO in the directly imaged companion TWA 5 B from high-resolution M-band spectroscopy
High-resolution M-band spectroscopy detects super-stellar SiO in TWA 5 B, implying no significant magnesium-silicate clouds and formation consistent with core accretion beyond the CO snowline or gravitational instability with solid enrichment.
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KRONOS I: The $1{-}2.8\mu$m JWST Transmission Spectrum of the 23 Myr V1298 Tau c
JWST NIRISS/SOSS data yield a transmission spectrum of the 23 Myr V1298 Tau c showing H2O absorption and an atmospheric metallicity of 14.8^{+56}_{-12} times solar, lower than mature planets of similar mass.
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Direct Images of CO2 Absorption in the Atmosphere of a Super-Jupiter: Enhanced Metallicity Suggestive of Formation in a Disk
Direct imaging reveals enhanced metallicity and aligned orbit in 29 Cyg b, supporting protoplanetary disk formation near the deuterium burning limit.
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Horizontal transport as a source of disequilibrium chemistry on the nightside of a hot exoplanet
JWST data on NGTS-10A b shows nightside CH4 depletion caused by day-to-night horizontal transport rather than vertical mixing or non-solar abundances.
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AGN radiative feedback as the main regulator of [O III] outflow activity and obscuration in X-ray AGN
AGN radiation pressure, not black-hole mass, simultaneously boosts large-scale [O III] outflows and clears circumnuclear gas as Eddington ratio rises.
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An intrinsic decline of accretion activity in GRS 1915+105
Deep X-ray, radio, and infrared non-detections of GRS 1915+105 imply an intrinsic decline in accretion activity rather than enhanced obscuration, likely driven by 2023-2024 outflows clearing the inner disc.
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The panchromatic JWST dayside spectrum of WASP-121 b reveals a refractory-rich formation
Panchromatic JWST spectrum of WASP-121 b detects SiO and measures refractory-to-volatile ratios 3x stellar, consistent with mixed solid-gas accretion or migration with continued solid accretion.
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An extremely bright slow-rising afterglow from an off-axis jet in GRB 260310A
Multi-wavelength data on GRB 260310A support an off-axis jet model explaining weak prompt emission and bright delayed afterglow, including reverse-shock signatures and late X-ray rebrightening.
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The Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey VII: Spectra and Polarisation In Cutouts of Extragalactic Sources (SPICE-RACS) Second Data Release -- Unveiling the Magnetised Sky
SPICE-RACS DR2 delivers the largest single Faraday rotation measure catalog from a radio survey, with 250,000-340,000 RMs across most of the sky at median uncertainty of 2 rad m^{-2}.
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SAPLE: Swift Analysis Pipeline for Lightcurve Extraction
SAPLE is a new semi-automated pipeline for extracting Swift UVOT and XRT lightcurves, magnitudes, absorption-corrected fluxes, and photon index values assuming a redshifted power-law spectrum.
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XSNAP: An X-ray Supernova Analysis Pipeline with Application to the Type II Supernova 2024ggi
XSNAP provides a unified pipeline for X-ray supernova analysis and derives a progenitor mass-loss rate of (6.2±0.2)×10^{-5} solar masses per year for SN 2024ggi assuming a 20 km/s wind.
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Inferring the star-formation histories of massive quiescent galaxies with BAGPIPES: Evidence for multiple quenching mechanisms
BAGPIPES fitting of 9289 massive quiescent galaxies shows most SFHs rise gradually then quench in 1-2 Gyr, with faster quenching at z>1 and slower at z<1, interpreted as multiple AGN feedback and gas-supply mechanisms.
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Differences between emission and absorption tracers of spatially resolved outflows in clumpy z ~ 0.1 star-forming galaxies
Spatially resolved observations of z~0.1 galaxies show Mg II absorption outflow velocities are systematically higher than Hα emission velocities by ~0.4 dex while maintaining similar correlations with star formation rate and surface density.
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Exploration of the inner region of the system HD 142527
High-contrast imaging of HD 142527 reveals a candidate companion at ~14 au and an Hα spiral in the inner disk, possibly tracing accretion flows linked to companion B.
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The Range of Cumulative XUV Flux on GJ 1132 b
GJ 1132 b is estimated to have received at least 50 times the cumulative XUV flux of modern Earth with over 95% probability across models, supporting its classification as an atmosphere-free world.
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Toward Inferring the Surface Fluxes of Biosignature Gases on Rocky Exoplanets from Telescope Spectra
A retrieval technique infers surface gas fluxes from exoplanet spectra via inversion of a photochemical-climate model, demonstrated on synthetic TRAPPIST-1 e data with an Archean-like biosphere.
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Relativistic Mean Field Approach with Chiral Symmetry Breaking and Quark Confinement in the light of Astrophysical Observations
RMF-CC models with ωρ coupling better match multi-messenger NS data and LQCD/NEP constraints than the baseline, yet standard RMF remains preferred without core phase transitions, requiring high Ksat ~300 MeV.
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A parameterised approach to disequilibrium retrievals in the JWST era: Application to NIRCam observations of HD 189733b
A quench-pressure parameterisation with two free parameters recovers unbiased C/O and [M/H] from synthetic JWST spectra with vertical mixing, and tentatively detects quenching and photochemical H2S depletion in HD 189733b NIRCam data.
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Redshift-Dependent Intrinsic Dispersion in the Quasar UV/X-ray Luminosity Relation
Intrinsic dispersion in the quasar UV/X-ray luminosity relation decreases with redshift above z~1.6 and modeling it as redshift-dependent shifts Omega_m0 by ~0.025 in flat LambdaCDM.
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Spatially Resolved Nebular-Stellar Reddening with JWST/NIRISS
JWST observations of high-redshift galaxies show no evolution in dust geometry to z~2.4 and yield an empirical calibration linking resolved differential reddening to SFR surface density.
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X-ray luminosity function of Compton-thick AGN in the early Universe (z > 3). Robustness and biases of the CTK population
After applying IR-informed priors to X-ray NH posteriors in a sample of 811 high-z AGN, CTK sources comprise 17% of the population at 3<z<6 with no significant evolution.
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Mapping the Universe as a Bianchi I cosmology with Gaia data
Gaia quasar proper motions show a significant quadrupole signal matching an axisymmetric Bianchi I anisotropy model, but the amplitude does not increase with redshift as the model requires and the inferred local shear exceeds expectations.
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Pulse profile modelling of the 2024 outburst of the accreting millisecond pulsar SRGA J144459.2-604207
Joint NICER+IXPE pulse-profile modeling of SRGA J144459.2-604207 favors large neutron-star mass and radius with two independent hotspots but shows strong sensitivity to joint-analysis methodology.
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Astrophysics equation of state inference with Bayesian chiral effective field theory uncertainties
Multi-messenger observations of neutron stars imply L=42.6–52 MeV (piecewise polytrope) or 44.2–56.7 MeV (speed-of-sound) at 68% credibility, and show pQCD constraints barely change the posterior EOS.
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Chemistry and Isotope Ratios of Substellar Atmospheres in the $\beta$ Pictoris Young Moving Group and Vicinity
Atmospheric retrievals on CRIRES+ spectra of 2MASS J0249-0557 c and two eta Pic YMG brown dwarfs give solar-like C/O, metallicity, and carbon isotope ratios, supporting gravitational collapse formation for the companion.
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The Effect of Mass Loss and Convective Overshooting on the Pre-Collapse Structure, Composition, and Neutrino Emission of Red Supergiants
Varying mass loss and overshooting in RSG models shows core contraction and heating interrupted by silicon burning, shifting pre-SN neutrino flux to higher energies and beta-process dominance hours before collapse.
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Super-Solar Metallicity and Tentative Evidence for Photochemistry on WASP-96b from JWST and Ground-Based VLT Transmission Spectroscopy
WASP-96b shows super-solar metallicity of 2-6x stellar, roughly stellar C/O, tentative SO2 consistent with photochemistry, and an optical slope from scattering aerosols, supporting core-accretion formation beyond the water snowline.
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RedDots: Magnetic field of the nearby active M dwarf GJ 729, and a search for companions
GJ 729 exhibits a weak, evolving large-scale magnetic field (50-145 G) and a persistent ~7 d radial velocity signal that could be a ~1.5-2 Earth-mass planet or residual stellar activity.
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The ESO SupJup Survey XI. Atmospheric properties of six isolated M- and L-type dwarfs with CRIRES+
Retrievals on six isolated brown dwarfs yield near-solar C/O (0.51-0.63), metallicities, and 12C/13C ratios (91-155) supporting molecular cloud fragmentation origin.
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Hyperonic equation of state for neutron stars: A systematic Bayesian comparison of density-dependent and non-linear relativistic mean-field models
Including hyperons reduces maximum neutron-star mass by 0.05-0.10 solar masses and increases radius at 1.4 solar masses by 0.5-0.8 km across all models while keeping every equation of state consistent with the 2-solar-mass limit.
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Deep Learning Calibration of the Quasar X-ray/UV Luminosity Relation for Cosmological Applications
Quasar X-ray/UV luminosity relation shows non-linear redshift dependence that cannot be fixed by linear correction and requires further modeling or data screening for cosmological use.
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The Roasting Marshmallows Program with IGRINS on Gemini South V: Atmosphere of MASCARA-1b is Enriched in Refractory Elements
MASCARA-1b atmosphere has solar metallicity, solar C/O, 2.5x solar refractories, and 2.3x solar refractory-to-volatile ratio, consistent with accretion between soot-H2O and H2O-CO snowlines.
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The Double-Burst Nature and Early Afterglow Evolution of Long GRB 110801A
GRB 110801A shows double-burst gamma-ray emission with an early-rising optical afterglow from the first burst preceding the second prompt episode, modeled via reverse and forward shocks yielding Gamma_0 ~60, theta_j ~0.09, and E_k,iso ~10^54.8 erg.
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New $H(z)$ measurement at Redshift = 0.12 with DESI Data Release 1
New measurement of the Hubble parameter H(z=0.12) = 71.33 ± 4.20 km s^{-1} Mpc^{-1} obtained from cosmology-independent stellar ages of passive galaxies in DESI Data Release 1.
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Equation of State Extrapolation Systematics: Parametric vs. Nonparametric Inference of Neutron Star Structure
Nonparametric GP-based high-density extensions yield softer EOS posteriors with larger uncertainties than parametric PP extensions when jointly constrained by multi-messenger neutron star observations.
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Redshift Evolution of the HII Galaxy $L$-$\sigma$ Relation: Gaussian Process Analysis and Cosmological Implications
Bayesian model comparison using GP regression on Pantheon+ SNIa distances finds a logarithmic redshift correction to the HIIG L-σ relation statistically preferred when intrinsic dispersion is modeled, though evidence weakens without it and after Malmquist bias matching.
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TOI-159 b: an eccentric hot-Jupiter planet around a young, pulsating $\gamma$ Doradus star
TOI-159 b is confirmed as the hottest known eccentric hot Jupiter (e = 0.24) with a 13-sigma Keplerian detection around a young gamma Doradus star, including a preliminary low-resolution transmission spectrum.
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Direct Imaging Constraints on Binary Planets and Exomoons around Epsilon Indi A b
JWST/MIRI imaging of Eps Ind A b prefers a double-PSF model likely due to systematics but demonstrates sensitivity to exomoons down to 1.3 M_Jup at separations >2 AU and 2.5 M_Jup at 0.52 AU.
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The GAPS Programme at TNG LXXIV. A reanalysis of the planetary systems TOI-1272 and TOI-1694 with HARPS-N and retraction of the planetary interpretation of TOI-1272 c
Reanalysis of TOI-1272 and TOI-1694 retracts TOI-1272 c as planetary, attributes the signal to stellar activity via Gaussian process modeling, and refines orbital parameters for the systems.
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Bayesian inference for compact binary coalescences with BILBY: Validation and application to the first LIGO--Virgo gravitational-wave transient catalogue
BILBY is validated on simulated compact binary signals and reproduces the eleven GWTC-1 results with configuration and output files provided for reproduction.
- Weak-lensing Analysis of Intracluster Filaments in Abell 2744: Matched-filter Scans and Stepwise 2D Tracing
- Morphological and Star Formation Properties of Cosmic Noon Massive Quiescent Galaxies