LeWRON is a new agentic framework that automates construction, auditing, and exploration of finite-temperature effective potentials and gravitational-wave predictions for electroweak phase transitions starting from an input Lagrangian.
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Science with the space-based interferometer eLISA. II: Gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions
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abstract
We investigate the potential for the eLISA space-based interferometer to detect the stochastic gravitational wave background produced by strong first-order cosmological phase transitions. We discuss the resulting contributions from bubble collisions, magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, and sound waves to the stochastic background, and estimate the total corresponding signal predicted in gravitational waves. The projected sensitivity of eLISA to cosmological phase transitions is computed in a model-independent way for various detector designs and configurations. By applying these results to several specific models, we demonstrate that eLISA is able to probe many well-motivated scenarios beyond the Standard Model of particle physics predicting strong first-order cosmological phase transitions in the early Universe.
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representative citing papers
Endpoint-safe Fourier sine deformations of straight-line paths achieve sub-percent agreement with FindBounce, OptiBounce and CosmoTransitions on multi-field benchmarks while cutting runtime up to 90% when used as initializer.
The paper derives a quantitative relationship showing that the Kerr parameter a_* of PBHs from first-order phase transitions increases with latent heat α and decreases with transition rate β, reaching typical values of 10^{-3}.
Bubble collisions in a seesaw model produce right-handed neutrinos that source novel gravitational waves detectable by LISA, ET, and LVK while allowing the lightest RHN to explain dark matter or enable leptogenesis.
Stochastic gravitational waves induce 1-loop freeze-in production of fermionic dark matter via in-in formalism, potentially explaining the observed abundance more efficiently than conventional mechanisms.
Defines peak-integrated sensitivity curves (PISCs) that fold in the expected spectral shape of gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions and supplies semianalytical fits plus public data for major detectors.
LISA forecasts for quadratically coupled ultralight dark matter show competitive or superior sensitivity to terrestrial and astrophysical probes in selected mass windows, free of screening.
Dynamical LTE simulations reveal that heating wave formation often outlasts wall acceleration, yielding a revised maximal driving pressure criterion that weakens hydrodynamic obstruction compared to steady-state models.
Applies high-T dimensional reduction for the first time to a classically scale-invariant model, computes NLO nucleation rate via determinants, and predicts LISA-detectable GW from supercooled PT in SU(2)cSM.
The end of thermal inflation proceeds by nucleating true-vacuum bubbles rather than by global phase mixing, and the resulting gravitational-wave background can reach BBO and DECIGO sensitivities for low flaton mass scale gamma.
Non-Gaussian primordial fluctuations of a Z2-symmetric spectator scalar trigger a strong first-order electroweak phase transition, with the field serving as cold dark matter and generating a stochastic gravitational wave background in the 10^{-3}-10^{-1} Hz band.
Covariant analysis of curvature perturbations from first-order phase transitions reveals gauge-dependent overestimation of primordial black holes and gravitational waves in prior non-covariant calculations, leading to strong suppression of both signals.
First-order gradient CP-violating sources in EWBG quantum transport relax electron EDM bounds and increase viability compared to prior approximations in a model illustration.
AM-CW lunar laser ranging achieves μHz SGWB sensitivity of 5.29×10^{-9} D_cov (80 μm range uncertainty) or 2.07×10^{-9} D_cov (50 μm) over 5 years, with discovery possible if covariance degradation stays below ~3.6-13.7.
Ensemble-averaged bubble profiles and decay rates from zero-temperature lattice simulations match Coleman instantons computed in a one-parameter renormalized effective potential, not the bare potential.
In the Witten–Sakai–Sugimoto holographic QCD model, inverse first-order transitions yield Euclidean bounce solutions, nucleation rates, and (for the chiral case) bubble wall velocities under motivated steady-state approximations.
Precision study of dark sector phase transitions finds PTA-favored parameters near EFT breakdown with disfavored GW signals after higher-order corrections.
HydroGrav code computes self-similar fluid profiles and GW spectra using exact EOS from effective potentials for EWPT models, identifying parameter regions in a Z2 SM extension where simplified EOS differ in amplitude and shape, with LISA SNR estimates.
Radiative barriers in SUSY flat directions enable supercooled PTs yielding Ω_GW h² up to ~3e-10 for M_λ̃/v_X in 0.05-0.23, with the hidden sector also reproducing Ω_CDM h²=0.12 for m_q ~30-800 keV.
An SU(5) GUT model uses an intermediate breaking to SO(3)_C × SO(2)_L realized by adjoint, symmetric tensor, and singlet scalars plus singlet fermions so that monopoles annihilate via cosmic strings, with possible first-order restoration producing detectable GWs.
Computes dimension-six operators in finite-temperature massive scalar QED via heat kernel methods and evaluates their combined effect with the Polyakov loop on first-order phase transition thermodynamics.
PBH production from slow phase transitions with delayed reheating is modeled via peak theory and Monte Carlo simulations, showing extreme sensitivity to reheating efficiency and potential to explain all dark matter.
Phenomenological late-time vacuum-tunneling models are fit to DESI DR2, supernova, and CMB data, allowing up to 50% vacuum-energy drop for z_t < 1 and a preferred z_t ~7 model that converts ~10% dark matter while easing cosmological tensions.
Tensor perturbations from FOPT and domain-wall sources are claimed to induce second-order scalar perturbations large enough to form primordial black holes, potentially all of the dark matter.
citing papers explorer
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LeWRON: Agentic Analysis of Electroweak Phase Transitions
LeWRON is a new agentic framework that automates construction, auditing, and exploration of finite-temperature effective potentials and gravitational-wave predictions for electroweak phase transitions starting from an input Lagrangian.
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Fourier-Preconditioned Path Deformations for Multi-Field Vacuum Tunnelling
Endpoint-safe Fourier sine deformations of straight-line paths achieve sub-percent agreement with FindBounce, OptiBounce and CosmoTransitions on multi-field benchmarks while cutting runtime up to 90% when used as initializer.
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Primordial black holes spin from cosmological first-order phase transitions
The paper derives a quantitative relationship showing that the Kerr parameter a_* of PBHs from first-order phase transitions increases with latent heat α and decreases with transition rate β, reaching typical values of 10^{-3}.
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Cosmic Collider Gravitational Waves sourced by Right-handed Neutrino production from Bubbles: Testing Seesaw, Leptogenesis and Dark Matter
Bubble collisions in a seesaw model produce right-handed neutrinos that source novel gravitational waves detectable by LISA, ET, and LVK while allowing the lightest RHN to explain dark matter or enable leptogenesis.
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Gravitational Wave-Induced Freeze-In of Fermionic Dark Matter
Stochastic gravitational waves induce 1-loop freeze-in production of fermionic dark matter via in-in formalism, potentially explaining the observed abundance more efficiently than conventional mechanisms.
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New Sensitivity Curves for Gravitational-Wave Signals from Cosmological Phase Transitions
Defines peak-integrated sensitivity curves (PISCs) that fold in the expected spectral shape of gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions and supplies semianalytical fits plus public data for major detectors.
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Probing Quadratically Coupled Ultralight Dark Matter with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
LISA forecasts for quadratically coupled ultralight dark matter show competitive or superior sensitivity to terrestrial and astrophysical probes in selected mass windows, free of screening.
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Dynamical evolution of the pressure on the bubble wall
Dynamical LTE simulations reveal that heating wave formation often outlasts wall acceleration, yielding a revised maximal driving pressure criterion that weakens hydrodynamic obstruction compared to steady-state models.
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Theoretical consistency and phenomenology of supercooled cosmological phase transitions
Applies high-T dimensional reduction for the first time to a classically scale-invariant model, computes NLO nucleation rate via determinants, and predicts LISA-detectable GW from supercooled PT in SU(2)cSM.
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Phase Transitions and Gravitational Wave Production at the End of Thermal Inflation
The end of thermal inflation proceeds by nucleating true-vacuum bubbles rather than by global phase mixing, and the resulting gravitational-wave background can reach BBO and DECIGO sensitivities for low flaton mass scale gamma.
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Electroweak First-Order Phase Transition Triggered by Non-Gaussian Fluctuations of a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-Symmetric Spectator Scalar
Non-Gaussian primordial fluctuations of a Z2-symmetric spectator scalar trigger a strong first-order electroweak phase transition, with the field serving as cold dark matter and generating a stochastic gravitational wave background in the 10^{-3}-10^{-1} Hz band.
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Curvature Perturbations from First-Order Phase Transitions: Implications to Black Holes and Gravitational Waves
Covariant analysis of curvature perturbations from first-order phase transitions reveals gauge-dependent overestimation of primordial black holes and gravitational waves in prior non-covariant calculations, leading to strong suppression of both signals.
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Does the Electron EDM Preclude Electroweak Baryogenesis ?
First-order gradient CP-violating sources in EWBG quantum transport relax electron EDM bounds and increase viability compared to prior approximations in a model illustration.
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High-Power AM-CW Lunar Laser Ranging as a $\mu$Hz SGWB Detector
AM-CW lunar laser ranging achieves μHz SGWB sensitivity of 5.29×10^{-9} D_cov (80 μm range uncertainty) or 2.07×10^{-9} D_cov (50 μm) over 5 years, with discovery possible if covariance degradation stays below ~3.6-13.7.
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Evidence for renormalized instantons in real-time simulations of vacuum decay
Ensemble-averaged bubble profiles and decay rates from zero-temperature lattice simulations match Coleman instantons computed in a one-parameter renormalized effective potential, not the bare potential.
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Bubble wall velocity and nucleation rates in inverse holographic phase transitions
In the Witten–Sakai–Sugimoto holographic QCD model, inverse first-order transitions yield Euclidean bounce solutions, nucleation rates, and (for the chiral case) bubble wall velocities under motivated steady-state approximations.
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A critical look at low-scale cosmological phase transitions in the PTA era
Precision study of dark sector phase transitions finds PTA-favored parameters near EFT breakdown with disfavored GW signals after higher-order corrections.
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HydroGrav: Precise hydrodynamics and gravitational waves for cosmological phase transitions
HydroGrav code computes self-similar fluid profiles and GW spectra using exact EOS from effective potentials for EWPT models, identifying parameter regions in a Z2 SM extension where simplified EOS differ in amplitude and shape, with LISA SNR estimates.
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Natural Supercooling and Reheating along Supersymmetric Flat Directions and Observable Gravitational Waves at the Einstein Telescope and the Cosmic Explorer
Radiative barriers in SUSY flat directions enable supercooled PTs yielding Ω_GW h² up to ~3e-10 for M_λ̃/v_X in 0.05-0.23, with the hidden sector also reproducing Ω_CDM h²=0.12 for m_q ~30-800 keV.
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A simple solution to the monopole problem: SU(5) GUT with symmetry breaking into special subgroup
An SU(5) GUT model uses an intermediate breaking to SO(3)_C × SO(2)_L realized by adjoint, symmetric tensor, and singlet scalars plus singlet fermions so that monopoles annihilate via cosmic strings, with possible first-order restoration producing detectable GWs.
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Higher-dimensional operators and Polyakov loop in hot Scalar QED from the heat kernel
Computes dimension-six operators in finite-temperature massive scalar QED via heat kernel methods and evaluates their combined effect with the Polyakov loop on first-order phase transition thermodynamics.
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Primordial Black Holes from Slow Phase Transitions with Delayed Reheating: A Peak-Theory Approach
PBH production from slow phase transitions with delayed reheating is modeled via peak theory and Monte Carlo simulations, showing extreme sensitivity to reheating efficiency and potential to explain all dark matter.
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Late-time Quantum Vacuum Decay and its Cosmological Implications
Phenomenological late-time vacuum-tunneling models are fit to DESI DR2, supernova, and CMB data, allowing up to 50% vacuum-energy drop for z_t < 1 and a preferred z_t ~7 model that converts ~10% dark matter while easing cosmological tensions.
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Primordial Black Hole from Tensor-induced Density Fluctuation: First-order Phase Transitions and Domain Walls
Tensor perturbations from FOPT and domain-wall sources are claimed to induce second-order scalar perturbations large enough to form primordial black holes, potentially all of the dark matter.
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CP-violating multi-field phase transitions and gravitational waves in a hidden NJL sector
Multi-field tunneling analysis in a CP-violating NJL model yields a slow transition (β/H ~ 100) whose stochastic gravitational-wave signal is detectable by μAres and insensitive to the CP angle.
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Electroweak phase transitions in a $U(1)_D$ extension of the standard model with dimension-six operators: Gravitational waves and LHC signatures
A dimension-six operator |H|^2|phi|^4 in a U(1)_D singlet extension relaxes the usual Higgs-portal and mixing-angle correlation, enabling strong first-order electroweak phase transitions driven primarily by the singlet VEV.
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Dark matter in classically conformal theories: WIMP and supercooling
Classically conformal SU(2)_X model with triplet dark scalar yields viable WIMP and supercooled DM parameter spaces whose production histories are set by the model's first-order phase transition, with gravitational waves as a common probe.
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Bayesian analysis of the complex singlet model with phase transition gravitational waves
A realistic Taiji-like analysis recovers an injected complex-singlet phase-transition gravitational-wave signal at relative SNR ≈ 53 with ln BF ≈ 11.6, and maps the spectrum posterior onto the Higgs cubic self-coupling deviation δκ3.
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Measuring gravitational wave spectrum from electroweak phase transition and Higgs self-couplings
Using simulated Taiji data, the authors show that a stochastic gravitational-wave signal from an electroweak phase transition in the singlet-extended Standard Model can constrain the Higgs cubic and quartic self-couplings.
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Finite-temperature Yang-Mills theories with the density of states method: towards the continuum limit
Density-of-states lattice study of the first-order phase transition in Sp(4) Yang-Mills theory at finite temperature, confirming metastability and surface tension for two temporal extents toward the continuum limit.
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Gravitational Wave Signature and the Nature of Neutrino Masses: Majorana, Dirac, or Pseudo-Dirac?
In the minimal B-L gauge extension, Majorana neutrinos at high breaking scale produce flat GW spectra from cosmic strings, Dirac at low scale produce peaked spectra from first-order phase transitions, and pseudo-Dirac produce kink features from domain wall annihilation.
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Numerical simulations of density perturbation and gravitational wave production from cosmological first-order phase transition
3D simulations of cosmological first-order phase transitions find density perturbation spectra with k^3 and k^{-1.5} slopes and GW spectra with k^3 and k^{-2}, confirming slow transitions can produce PBHs.
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Observable CMB B-modes from Cosmological Phase Transitions
Phase transitions in dark sectors can generate CMB B-modes with amplitudes competitive with inflation but peaking at smaller angular scales.
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Probing radiative electroweak symmetry breaking with colliders and gravitational waves
Radiative electroweak symmetry breaking with a logarithmic potential yields analytical vacuum solutions, four thermal history patterns, and supercooled FOPT gravitational waves whose signals combined with collider data can probe conformal scales to 10^5-10^8 GeV.
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Solving Cosmological Puzzles using Finite Temperature $\nu$SMEFT
A minimal extension of the Standard Model with three heavy Majorana neutrinos simultaneously realizes fermionic dark matter, a strong first-order electroweak phase transition, and low-scale resonant leptogenesis consistent with neutrino data.
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Probing High-Quality Axions with Gravitational Waves
High-quality axion models with N_DW=1 and dark matter abundance requirement restrict the gauge breaking scale to 1.6e11-1e16 GeV, yielding a band of gravitational wave signals from two-step phase transitions consistent with current observations.
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Gravitational Waves from Multiple First-Order Phase Transitions in a Scenario with Early Matter Domination
Early matter domination with time-dependent decay rates produces multiple first-order phase transitions whose gravitational wave signatures encode the transition and reheating temperatures.
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Probing Dynamical Inverse Seesaw with Low-frequency Gravitational Waves
Dynamical inverse seesaw predicts low-frequency stochastic GW signals from a first-order phase transition, with complementarity to heavy neutral lepton searches at small active-sterile mixing.
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TransitionListener v2.0 -- Robust gravitational wave predictions for cosmological phase transitions
TransitionListener v2.0 supplies an end-to-end pipeline from scalar potential to gravitational wave spectra with improved handling of transition dynamics and bubble separation.
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Model Parameter Reconstruction of Electroweak Phase Transition with TianQin and LISA: Insights from the Dimension-Six Model
Simulations show TianQin and LISA can reconstruct the dimension-six model parameter Λ to sub-percent statistical precision for strong signals using Fisher, Bayesian sampling, and machine learning on data with noise and foregrounds.
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Gauge-independent Gravitational Waves from Cogenesis in a $B-L$ Conserving Universe
In a B-L conserving SM extension with U(1)_x dark sector, CP-violating Yukawas generate opposite lepton asymmetries in visible and hidden sectors that sphalerons convert to baryon asymmetry, with gauge-independent bubble nucleation yielding stochastic GW spectra valid in supercooled regimes and a参数s
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Detecting gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions with LISA: an update
Updated LISA detection prospects for gravitational waves from phase transitions are derived from state-of-the-art sound-wave simulations, with a new web tool PTPlot provided for parameter scans.
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Precision Analysis for $\boldsymbol{H_0}$ Using Upcoming Multi-band Gravitational Wave Observations
Multi-band GW observations of PBHs can reduce H0 uncertainty to ≲2 km/s/Mpc (conservative) or O(0.1) km/s/Mpc (optimistic) via Fisher forecasts on M_PBH and f_PBH.
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Probing the scalar-induced gravitational waves with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope and the Square Kilometer Array
Forecasts show that adding FAST/SKA upper or lower limits on scalar-induced GWs to CMB+BAO data shifts the scalar spectral index ns by several sigma in LambdaCDM+r and extended models, offering a potential detection indicator.
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Particle Cosmology
Particle cosmology integrates particle physics with cosmology to interpret the early universe as a natural high-energy laboratory and explain phenomena via theories like inflation, baryogenesis, and dark matter.
- Gravitational Waves from Post-Inflationary Magnetism: Direct and Scalar-Induced Contributions
- Exploring Leptogenesis in the Era of First Order Electroweak Phase Transition