Solar tachocline production of symmetrons yields a keV-scale flux at Earth whose absorption in xenon detectors provides new complementary bounds on symmetron parameter space.
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Quintessence, Cosmic Coincidence, and the Cosmological Constant
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Recent observations suggest that a large fraction of the energy density of the universe has negative pressure. One explanation is vacuum energy density; another is quintessence in the form of a scalar field slowly evolving down a potential. In either case, a key problem is to explain why the energy density nearly coincides with the matter density today. The densities decrease at different rates as the universe expands, so coincidence today appears to require that their ratio be set to a specific, infinitessimal value in the early universe. In this paper, we introduce the notion of a "tracker field", a form of quintessence, and show how it may explain the coincidence, adding new motivation for the quintessence scenario.
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Dynamical systems analysis of a Palatini k-essence model identifies fixed points for quasi-de-Sitter epochs, scaling solutions, and quintessence phases connected by heteroclinic orbits in flat FLRW cosmology.
Fisher-matrix forecasts for LSST- and CMB-S4-like surveys show kSZ tomography tightens constraints on dark energy parameters w0 and wa by 15% and 32% while assessing detectability of perturbations for different sound speeds.
Extended Proca-Nuevo gravity modifies the background expansion via a vector field algebraic constraint but leaves the matter growth equation identical to general relativity.
Nonlocal black holes remain consistent with general relativity at the 1.13-sigma level after joint lensing and quasinormal-mode constraints.
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Models of interacting bosonic dark energy and fermionic dark matter in Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity with exponential and power-law potentials are dynamically analyzed and constrained by observational data, showing consistency with LambdaCDM.
Interacting vacuum energy relaxes the pressure gradient inside stars, allowing finite central pressure and compactness beyond the Buchdahl bound for suitable coupling strengths.
Coupled quintessence-dark matter models can produce an apparent phantom-crossing effective equation of state matching DESI preferences if the scalar field begins frozen in the radiation era.
Effective phantom dark energy is a background-level reconstruction that does not imply fundamental pathologies such as ghost instabilities or null energy condition violation by the underlying stress tensor.
Modified gravity theories supply viable mathematical frameworks for inflation, bounces, and dark energy eras that match observational data.
MCMC constraints on two Lambda(t) models with DESI DR2, CC, and Pantheon+ data yield H0 ~72.5-73 km/s/Mpc, Omega_m0 near standard values in joint fits, and n~0.3 indicating mild deviation from LambdaCDM.
Review of DESI evidence for dynamical dark energy, its dependence on parametrization and datasets, and alternative beyond-LambdaCDM interpretations that may address cosmological tensions.
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Probing Solar Symmetrons with Direct Detection
Solar tachocline production of symmetrons yields a keV-scale flux at Earth whose absorption in xenon detectors provides new complementary bounds on symmetron parameter space.