A Z_N-symmetric multi-copy dark-QCD axion, broken by single-sector reheating, yields natural phantom-crossing dark energy with dark-pion DM in a viable parameter window.
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Quintessence: A Review
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abstract
Quintessence is a canonical scalar field introduced to explain the late-time cosmic acceleration. The cosmological dynamics of quintessence is reviewed, paying particular attention to the evolution of the dark energy equation of state w. For the field potentials having tracking and thawing properties, the evolution of w can be known analytically in terms of a few model parameters. Using the analytic expression of w, we constrain quintessence models from the observations of supernovae type Ia, cosmic microwave background, and baryon acoustic oscillations. The tracking freezing models are hardly distinguishable from the LCDM model, whereas in thawing models the today's field equation of state is constrained to be w_0<-0.7 (95 % CL). We also derive an analytic formula for the growth rate of matter density perturbations in dynamical dark energy models, which allows a possibility to put further bounds on w from the measurement of redshift-space distortions in the galaxy power spectrum. Finally we review particle physics models of quintessence- such as those motivated by supersymmetric theories. The field potentials of thawing models based on a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson or on extended supergravity theories have a nice property that a tiny mass of quintessence can be protected against radiative corrections.
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Derivative couplings of a k-essence dark-energy scalar to a 2HDM+a pseudoscalar make the mediator’s invisible width and kinematics depend on the dark-energy sound speed c_s².
A generalized Chaplygin-type solid unifies dark matter and dark energy via an early pressureless phase transitioning to a late solid phase that supports acceleration and produces distinct low-redshift perturbation signatures.
Quintessence black holes produce observer-dependent shadow angular sizes, with infalling observers seeing smaller shadows than static ones, yielding stronger equation-of-state constraints from M87* observations.
An analytic bound on axion parameters in thawing quintessence is derived independently of initial conditions and used with cosmological observations plus quantum gravity constraints to exclude large regions of axion dark energy parameter space.
Fermion-condensate vacuum energy plus Buchert backreaction from nonlinear structure formation yields a low-redshift phantom crossing consistent with DESI+CMB+SNIa data for a chosen backreaction density.
Introduces Fractional Holographic Dark Energy (FHDE) via fractionally corrected entropy from a modified Wheeler-DeWitt equation and studies its late-time cosmology, field reconstructions, and extensions to modified gravity theories.
Weakly dissipative quintessence explains DESI phantom crossing in dark energy without pathological dynamics.
α-attractor quintessence models approximate axion-like potentials and fit DESI dynamical dark energy data, preferring α of order 1 via a simple fa-α relation.
A Hubble-scale domain wall quintessence model produces anisotropic expansion but is tightly constrained by Planck CMB quadrupole limits and supernova data to a negligible contribution, favoring standard LambdaCDM.
Extends the equivalence of second-order EOM to first-order Bogomolnyi equations from single real/complex scalars to arbitrary real multi-component scalar fields without fixing the Lagrangian.
Quadratic f(Q) gravity adds an H^4 term to the Friedmann equation and introduces a time-dependent G_eff that suppresses linear growth and halo abundance, offering a modified-gravity route to easing the S8 tension.
Baby-universe absorption model accounts for late-time acceleration and yields w(z) < -1 without a cosmological constant.
Extended analysis of DESI DR2 data confirms robust evidence for dynamical dark energy with phantom crossing preference, stable under parametric and non-parametric modeling.
DESI data hint that dark energy evolves (w0>−1, wa<0, phantom crossing) at 2.5–4.2σ, but the same expansion history can also be produced by interacting dark sectors, modified gravity, or non-cold dark matter.
QFT in FLRW spacetime yields a running vacuum energy density ρ_vac(H) that unifies mild dynamical dark energy today with H^4 inflation without an inflaton field.
An extended model with decaying dark matter around equality and w0 dark energy yields H0 ≈ 70 km/s/Mpc from Planck+ACT+DESI data, reducing Hubble tension to ~2.2σ while producing Bayesian evidence comparable to ΛCDM.
String theory imposes constraints on dark energy but permits various construction attempts for de Sitter vacua and single-field exponential quintessence models despite obstructions.
citing papers explorer
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Natural Phantom Dark Energy from a $\mathbb{Z}_N$--Axion
A Z_N-symmetric multi-copy dark-QCD axion, broken by single-sector reheating, yields natural phantom-crossing dark energy with dark-pion DM in a viable parameter window.
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Collider Probes of Dark Energy Microphysics
Derivative couplings of a k-essence dark-energy scalar to a 2HDM+a pseudoscalar make the mediator’s invisible width and kinematics depend on the dark-energy sound speed c_s².
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A solid unification of the dark sector
A generalized Chaplygin-type solid unifies dark matter and dark energy via an early pressureless phase transitioning to a late solid phase that supports acceleration and produces distinct low-redshift perturbation signatures.
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Shadows of quintessence black holes: spherical accretion, photon trajectories, and geodesic observers
Quintessence black holes produce observer-dependent shadow angular sizes, with infalling observers seeing smaller shadows than static ones, yielding stronger equation-of-state constraints from M87* observations.
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Bounding axion dark energy
An analytic bound on axion parameters in thawing quintessence is derived independently of initial conditions and used with cosmological observations plus quantum gravity constraints to exclude large regions of axion dark energy parameter space.
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Phantom crossing from the Standard Model and General Relativity
Fermion-condensate vacuum energy plus Buchert backreaction from nonlinear structure formation yields a low-redshift phantom crossing consistent with DESI+CMB+SNIa data for a chosen backreaction density.
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An Interplay Between Fractional Calculus and Holographic Dark Energy
Introduces Fractional Holographic Dark Energy (FHDE) via fractionally corrected entropy from a modified Wheeler-DeWitt equation and studies its late-time cosmology, field reconstructions, and extensions to modified gravity theories.
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Dissipative Dark Energy can explain the DESI phantom crossing
Weakly dissipative quintessence explains DESI phantom crossing in dark energy without pathological dynamics.
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Quintessential $\alpha$-attractors fit DESI
α-attractor quintessence models approximate axion-like potentials and fit DESI dynamical dark energy data, preferring α of order 1 via a simple fa-α relation.
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Domain-wall Quintessence
A Hubble-scale domain wall quintessence model produces anisotropic expansion but is tightly constrained by Planck CMB quadrupole limits and supernova data to a negligible contribution, favoring standard LambdaCDM.
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Multi-component scalar fields and the complete factorization of its equations of motion
Extends the equivalence of second-order EOM to first-order Bogomolnyi equations from single real/complex scalars to arbitrary real multi-component scalar fields without fixing the Lagrangian.
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Late-Time Cosmology and Structure Formation in Quadratic $f(Q)$ Gravity
Quadratic f(Q) gravity adds an H^4 term to the Friedmann equation and introduces a time-dependent G_eff that suppresses linear growth and halo abundance, offering a modified-gravity route to easing the S8 tension.
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Can a late-time cosmological model based on baby universe absorption explain the z-variation of w?
Baby-universe absorption model accounts for late-time acceleration and yields w(z) < -1 without a cosmological constant.
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Extended Dark Energy analysis using DESI DR2 BAO measurements
Extended analysis of DESI DR2 data confirms robust evidence for dynamical dark energy with phantom crossing preference, stable under parametric and non-parametric modeling.
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Dark Energy in the DESI Era: A Brief Review of Evidence, Beyond-$\Lambda$CDM Interpretations, and Tensions
DESI data hint that dark energy evolves (w0>−1, wa<0, phantom crossing) at 2.5–4.2σ, but the same expansion history can also be produced by interacting dark sectors, modified gravity, or non-cold dark matter.
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Running Vacuum in the expanding Universe: a unified QFT paradigm for Inflation and Dark Energy
QFT in FLRW spacetime yields a running vacuum energy density ρ_vac(H) that unifies mild dynamical dark energy today with H^4 inflation without an inflaton field.
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Early- and Late-Time Modifications to $\Lambda$CDM: Implications for the Hubble Tension
An extended model with decaying dark matter around equality and w0 dark energy yields H0 ≈ 70 km/s/Mpc from Planck+ACT+DESI data, reducing Hubble tension to ~2.2σ while producing Bayesian evidence comparable to ΛCDM.
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Dark energy from string theory: an introductory review
String theory imposes constraints on dark energy but permits various construction attempts for de Sitter vacua and single-field exponential quintessence models despite obstructions.