Subsolar strange star mergers produce a lower post-merger-to-cutoff GW frequency ratio than neutron star mergers, cleanly separating the two classes across equations of state and mass ratios.
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Abbottet al.(LIGO Scientific, KAGRA, VIRGO), As- trophys
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We report the observation of gravitational waves from two compact binary coalescences in LIGO's and Virgo's third observing run with properties consistent with neutron star-black hole (NSBH) binaries. The two events are named GW200105_162426 and GW200115_042309, abbreviated as GW200105 and GW200115; the first was observed by LIGO Livingston and Virgo, and the second by all three LIGO-Virgo detectors. The source of GW200105 has component masses $8.9^{+1.2}_{-1.5}\,M_\odot$ and $1.9^{+0.3}_{-0.2}\,M_\odot$, whereas the source of GW200115 has component masses $5.7^{+1.8}_{-2.1}\,M_\odot$ and $1.5^{+0.7}_{-0.3}\,M_\odot$ (all measurements quoted at the 90% credible level). The probability that the secondary's mass is below the maximal mass of a neutron star is 89%-96% and 87%-98%, respectively, for GW200105 and GW200115, with the ranges arising from different astrophysical assumptions. The source luminosity distances are $280^{+110}_{-110}$ Mpc and $300^{+150}_{-100}$ Mpc, respectively. The magnitude of the primary spin of GW200105 is less than 0.23 at the 90% credible level, and its orientation is unconstrained. For GW200115, the primary spin has a negative spin projection onto the orbital angular momentum at 88% probability. We are unable to constrain spin or tidal deformation of the secondary component for either event. We infer a NSBH merger rate density of $45^{+75}_{-33}\,\mathrm{Gpc}^{-3} \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ when assuming GW200105 and GW200115 are representative of the NSBH population, or $130^{+112}_{-69}\,\mathrm{Gpc}^{-3} \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ under the assumption of a broader distribution of component masses.
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All five NSBH events are consistent with zero line-of-sight acceleration; the joint posterior for GW200105_162426 disfavors both zero LOSA and zero eccentricity at 90% credibility.
All gravitational-wave binaries analyzed through O4a are consistent with zero line-of-sight acceleration, measured with a new time-domain Doppler method applicable to any waveform model.
New frequency-domain models IMRPhenomXHM_NSBH, SEOBNRv5HM_ROM_NRTidalv3_NSBH, and IMRPhenomXPHM_NSBH bring higher-order modes and tidal effects to fast NSBH waveform templates.
In Einstein-scalar-Maxwell theories, charged compact binaries produce gravitational waveforms containing a leading -1 post-Newtonian dipole correction controlled by one deviation parameter b.
Ratio-Filter Dechirping converts gravitational-wave matched filtering from a memory-bound FFT into a cache-efficient FIR convolution, delivering a measured 8x speedup in the core loop.
Derives closed 5D partial-wave Raman scattering amplitude via NS functions and computes non-vanishing dynamical ℓ=0 and static ℓ=1 scalar tidal Love numbers with RG running up to O(G²) for STBH.
Convolutional and graph neural networks outperform the Wiener filter by factors of 15-80 in predicting Newtonian noise from single seismic events on synthetic seismometer array data.
Mode-by-mode filtering of higher-order modes enables low-latency marginalization over mode information in NSBH gravitational-wave signals, tightening constraints on distance, inclination, and secondary mass.
Strong lensing of MBHBs produces identifiable beat patterns in about 7% of detectable two-image LISA events, with Bayesian inference recovering time delay and magnification parameters.
SEOBNRv6EHM reduces parameter biases for eccentric binaries versus prior models and shows mild support for eccentricity in five catalog events plus comparable unbound fits for three high-mass events.
Targeted eccentric search detects GW200105 with SNR 13.4 and FAR <1/1000 yr, consistent with dynamical formation of the NSBH binary.
EP250905a is best explained as a mildly off-axis structured-jet afterglow at z=2.714, possibly weakly magnified by a foreground galaxy at z=0.374.
Implements consistent line-of-sight acceleration corrections in quasi-circular and eccentric GW waveform models, applies them to GWTC-3 events, and reports no substantial evidence for acceleration while warning of bias from inconsistent harmonic treatment.
Equivalent geometric transformations in optical lattice clock networks preserve the modulus of the overlap reduction function, enabling a four-spacecraft orbital configuration whose strain sensitivity is evaluated against LISA, Taiji, and TianQin.
Bayesian parameter estimation with targeted eccentric numerical-relativity waveforms yields eccentricity estimates of e20 ≈ 0.2 for GW200208_22 and e10 ≈ 0.19 for GW190620, reinforcing the eccentric hypothesis.
New GstLAL offline methods reuse online matched-filtering products, merge with a heavy black hole search, revise the likelihood ratio and background estimation, and deliver a 50-100% sensitivity gain for high-mass events on a tested O3 data segment while improving reusability and reducing compute.
Reanalysis finds GW190521 prefers hyperbolic waveforms over quasi-circular precessing ones with ln Bayes factor 3.71, while other high-mass events and GW231123 favor the latter; mock signals indicate distinguishability challenges for high-mass precessing cases.
Moderate positive pressure anisotropy raises neutron star maximum mass to about 2.4 solar masses and compactness by up to 20 percent, with curvature scalars tied to matter showing strong sensitivity while the Weyl scalar stays largely insensitive.
Simulations of unlensed binary black hole mergers show that ~0.01% of event pairs are falsely classified as lensed by GLANCE at SNR threshold 1.5 with time delays of ~1000 days or more.
MESA binary evolution simulations with revised Bondi-Hoyle accretion efficiency and observational constraints yield lower BH mass upper limits for IC 10 X-1 and NGC 300 X-1 and predict Hubble-time BBH mergers for all three systems.
GWTC-2.1 adds eight new high-significance compact binary coalescence events to the prior catalog, extending the observed black hole mass range and including candidates inside the pair-instability mass gap.
No evidence for physics beyond general relativity is found in the analysis of 15 GW events from GWTC-3, with consistency in residuals, PN parameters, and remnant properties.
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Convolutional and graph neural networks outperform the Wiener filter by factors of 15-80 in predicting Newtonian noise from single seismic events on synthetic seismometer array data.
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Identification of Lensed Gravitational-Wave Beat Patterns by LISA
Strong lensing of MBHBs produces identifiable beat patterns in about 7% of detectable two-image LISA events, with Bayesian inference recovering time delay and magnification parameters.
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Eccentric and unbound compact binaries in the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA catalog: parameter estimation and waveform systematics with SEOBNRv6EHM
SEOBNRv6EHM reduces parameter biases for eccentric binaries versus prior models and shows mild support for eccentricity in five catalog events plus comparable unbound fits for three high-mass events.
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Detection of GW200105 with a targeted eccentric search
Targeted eccentric search detects GW200105 with SNR 13.4 and FAR <1/1000 yr, consistent with dynamical formation of the NSBH binary.
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Multi-wavelength Constraints on the Transient EP250905a
EP250905a is best explained as a mildly off-axis structured-jet afterglow at z=2.714, possibly weakly magnified by a foreground galaxy at z=0.374.
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Line-of-sight acceleration in compact binaries with higher harmonics and eccentricity
Implements consistent line-of-sight acceleration corrections in quasi-circular and eccentric GW waveform models, applies them to GWTC-3 events, and reports no substantial evidence for acceleration while warning of bias from inconsistent harmonic treatment.
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Detecting gravitational wave background with equivalent configurations in the network of space based optical lattice clocks
Equivalent geometric transformations in optical lattice clock networks preserve the modulus of the overlap reduction function, enabling a four-spacecraft orbital configuration whose strain sensitivity is evaluated against LISA, Taiji, and TianQin.
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Parameter Estimation with Targeted Eccentric Numerical-Relativity Simulations for GW200208_22 and GW190620
Bayesian parameter estimation with targeted eccentric numerical-relativity waveforms yields eccentricity estimates of e20 ≈ 0.2 for GW200208_22 and e10 ≈ 0.19 for GW190620, reinforcing the eccentric hypothesis.
-
New Methods for Offline GstLAL Analyses
New GstLAL offline methods reuse online matched-filtering products, merge with a heavy black hole search, revise the likelihood ratio and background estimation, and deliver a 50-100% sensitivity gain for high-mass events on a tested O3 data segment while improving reusability and reducing compute.
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Gravitational Wave Hyperbolic Catalog: Reanalyzing High-Mass Gravitational Wave Signals Using Hyperbolic Waveforms
Reanalysis finds GW190521 prefers hyperbolic waveforms over quasi-circular precessing ones with ln Bayes factor 3.71, while other high-mass events and GW231123 favor the latter; mock signals indicate distinguishability challenges for high-mass precessing cases.
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Impact of Anisotropy on Neutron Star Structure and Curvature
Moderate positive pressure anisotropy raises neutron star maximum mass to about 2.4 solar masses and compactness by up to 20 percent, with curvature scalars tied to matter showing strong sensitivity while the Weyl scalar stays largely insensitive.
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False Alarm Rates in Detecting Gravitational Wave Lensing from Astrophysical Coincidences: Insights with Model-Independent Technique GLANCE
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GWTC-2.1: Deep Extended Catalog of Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the First Half of the Third Observing Run
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