Standard non-thermal leptogenesis works at arbitrarily low reheating temperatures above the BBN bound when the inflaton potential has a quartic minimum (k≥4), because the inflaton's evolving mass kinematically shuts off RHN production early.
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Big Bang Nucleosynthesis: 2015
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abstract
Big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) describes the production of the lightest nuclides via a dynamic interplay among the four fundamental forces during the first seconds of cosmic time. We briefly overview the essentials of this physics, and present new calculations of light element abundances through li6 and li7, with updated nuclear reactions and uncertainties including those in the neutron lifetime. We provide fits to these results as a function of baryon density and of the number of neutrino flavors, N_nu. We review recent developments in BBN, particularly new, precision Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements that now probe the baryon density, helium content, and the effective number of degrees of freedom, n_eff. These measurements allow for a tight test of BBN and of cosmology using CMB data alone. Our likelihood analysis convolves the 2015 Planck data chains with our BBN output and observational data. Adding astronomical measurements of light elements strengthens the power of BBN. We include a new determination of the primordial helium abundance in our likelihood analysis. New D/H observations are now more precise than the corresponding theoretical predictions, and are consistent with the Standard Model and the Planck baryon density. Moreover, D/H now provides a tight measurement of N_nu when combined with the CMB baryon density, and provides a 2sigma upper limit N_nu < 3.2. The new precision of the CMB and of D/H observations together leave D/H predictions as the largest source of uncertainties. Future improvement in BBN calculations will therefore rely on improved nuclear cross section data. In contrast with D/H and he4, li7 predictions continue to disagree with observations, perhaps pointing to new physics.
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NLEFT calculation of 5S2 dd scattering produces scattering length 12.96 fm and effective range 3.62 fm, indicating stronger repulsion than prior work.
First search for high-frequency gravitational waves via inverse Gertsenshtein conversion in Earth's magnetic field with VLA and ALMA sets new upper limits h_c ≲ 10^{-18} from 1 GHz to 1 THz.
Bubble collisions in a seesaw model produce right-handed neutrinos that source novel gravitational waves detectable by LISA, ET, and LVK while allowing the lightest RHN to explain dark matter or enable leptogenesis.
Empirical three-parameter fit to f_esc(M_h,z) yields steep redshift evolution with population-averaged escape fraction rising from ~2% at z=5 to ~9% at z=12.
Background-inert modified-gravity couplings create a σ80–λ degeneracy under compressed CMB priors, inflating σ80 and producing spurious model preference, which an implied-A_s diagnostic exposes.
A scalar-mediated inelastic dark matter model with 100 eV splitting, Z2 symmetry forbidding elastic scattering, and a dimension-5 dipole operator reconciles dwarf galaxy observations with cosmological bounds via resonant enhancement and provides a distinct direct detection signal.
A design study proposes a cyclotron-driven thermal neutron target integrated with ion storage rings to achieve areal densities of 3.4e6 n/cm2 (upgradable to 1e9) for inverse-kinematics neutron capture studies on radioactive beams.
Stiff-fluid reheating in Starobinsky inflation fits CMB+BAO at 1 sigma only if excluded by BBN radiation bounds, with remaining 2 sigma space testable by LISA, ET, DECIGO and BBO via blue-tilted GW spectrum.
Abundance analysis of 84 type-2 AGNs finds oversolar He and subsolar O at z>2.8, including one object at z=6.26 with record He abundance of 12+log(He/H)=11.64, plus marginal trends of declining He/H and rising O/H toward z=0.
Radiative barriers in SUSY flat directions enable supercooled PTs yielding Ω_GW h² up to ~3e-10 for M_λ̃/v_X in 0.05-0.23, with the hidden sector also reproducing Ω_CDM h²=0.12 for m_q ~30-800 keV.
A statistical reanalysis of 143 Y_p determinations from 1960s-2022 reveals long-term convergence with change points in the mid-2000s and early 2010s, plus significant non-independence among many extragalactic H II region measurements.
A twist-6 light-cone QCD sum-rule calculation of B_d → Λ + dark antibaryon excludes dark masses around 2.8–3.6 GeV and leaves a surviving window at 4.108–4.164 GeV near the kinematic endpoint.
K-inflation with non-canonical kinetic term G(φ) shifts α-attractor T-models and natural inflation into the Planck-ACT-LB-BK18 allowed region while satisfying Swampland conjectures and producing testable GW spectra.
Hybrid f(Q) cosmology with a 1/Q term is forced into background degeneracy with LambdaCDM but breaks it in the growth sector, yielding moderate preference over LambdaCDM when RSD data are included while leaving the background unchanged.
A spectator scalar field with strong portal coupling to the inflaton sources a stochastic gravitational wave background reaching Ω_GW h² ∼ 10^{-11} at frequencies 10^7-10^8 Hz for benchmark parameters σ/λ ≃ 10^4 and T_reh = 2×10^{14} GeV.
Synthetic spectra and MCMC analysis establish deuterium detection limits in early-type stars as a function of SNR, Teff, and v sin i, with upper limits D/H < -5.5 dex for HD 32115 and < -4.9 dex for 21 Peg.
Dark matter is composed of composite quark-antiquark objects stabilized by axion domain walls, offering a unified account of dark matter and baryon asymmetry.
An extended model with decaying dark matter around equality and w0 dark energy yields H0 ≈ 70 km/s/Mpc from Planck+ACT+DESI data, reducing Hubble tension to ~2.2σ while producing Bayesian evidence comparable to ΛCDM.
A review thesis covering Mukhanov parametrization, general scalar-tensor theories, and new slow-roll techniques for canonical and noncanonical inflation observables.
citing papers explorer
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Leptogenesis and Low Reheating Temperatures
Standard non-thermal leptogenesis works at arbitrarily low reheating temperatures above the BBN bound when the inflaton potential has a quartic minimum (k≥4), because the inflaton's evolving mass kinematically shuts off RHN production early.
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Elastic deuteron-deuteron scattering within Nuclear Lattice Effective Field Theory
NLEFT calculation of 5S2 dd scattering produces scattering length 12.96 fm and effective range 3.62 fm, indicating stronger repulsion than prior work.
-
Search for High-Frequency Gravitational Waves via Geomagnetic Conversion with Radio Telescopes
First search for high-frequency gravitational waves via inverse Gertsenshtein conversion in Earth's magnetic field with VLA and ALMA sets new upper limits h_c ≲ 10^{-18} from 1 GHz to 1 THz.
-
Cosmic Collider Gravitational Waves sourced by Right-handed Neutrino production from Bubbles: Testing Seesaw, Leptogenesis and Dark Matter
Bubble collisions in a seesaw model produce right-handed neutrinos that source novel gravitational waves detectable by LISA, ET, and LVK while allowing the lightest RHN to explain dark matter or enable leptogenesis.
-
Steep Redshift Evolution of the Ionizing Escape Fraction at $z = 5$--$12$: Empirical Constraints and Comparison with Simulations
Empirical three-parameter fit to f_esc(M_h,z) yields steep redshift evolution with population-averaged escape fraction rising from ~2% at z=5 to ~9% at z=12.
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The Amplitude-Growth Degeneracy and Implied $A_s$ Diagnostic for Background-Inert Modified Gravity
Background-inert modified-gravity couplings create a σ80–λ degeneracy under compressed CMB priors, inflating σ80 and producing spurious model preference, which an implied-A_s diagnostic exposes.
-
Scalar-Mediated Inelastic Dark Matter as a Solution to Small-Scale Structure Anomalies
A scalar-mediated inelastic dark matter model with 100 eV splitting, Z2 symmetry forbidding elastic scattering, and a dimension-5 dipole operator reconciles dwarf galaxy observations with cosmological bounds via resonant enhancement and provides a distinct direct detection signal.
-
Direct Neutron Reactions in Storage Rings Utilizing a Supercompact Cyclotron Neutron Target
A design study proposes a cyclotron-driven thermal neutron target integrated with ion storage rings to achieve areal densities of 3.4e6 n/cm2 (upgradable to 1e9) for inverse-kinematics neutron capture studies on radioactive beams.
-
Reheating matters: Starobinsky inflation in light of joint CMB+BAO results and gravitational-wave forecasts
Stiff-fluid reheating in Starobinsky inflation fits CMB+BAO at 1 sigma only if excluded by BBN radiation bounds, with remaining 2 sigma space testable by LISA, ET, DECIGO and BBO via blue-tilted GW spectrum.
-
Cosmic evolution of the helium and oxygen abundances in type 2 Active Galactic Nuclei: Helium-loud AGNs
Abundance analysis of 84 type-2 AGNs finds oversolar He and subsolar O at z>2.8, including one object at z=6.26 with record He abundance of 12+log(He/H)=11.64, plus marginal trends of declining He/H and rising O/H toward z=0.
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Natural Supercooling and Reheating along Supersymmetric Flat Directions and Observable Gravitational Waves at the Einstein Telescope and the Cosmic Explorer
Radiative barriers in SUSY flat directions enable supercooled PTs yielding Ω_GW h² up to ~3e-10 for M_λ̃/v_X in 0.05-0.23, with the hidden sector also reproducing Ω_CDM h²=0.12 for m_q ~30-800 keV.
-
Fifty years of primordial helium abundances: A statistical reanalysis
A statistical reanalysis of 143 Y_p determinations from 1960s-2022 reveals long-term convergence with change points in the mid-2000s and early 2010s, plus significant non-independence among many extragalactic H II region measurements.
-
Constraints on the mass of the dark antibaryon using $B_d\rightarrow \Lambda \psi_{DS}$ channel in light cone QCD
A twist-6 light-cone QCD sum-rule calculation of B_d → Λ + dark antibaryon excludes dark masses around 2.8–3.6 GeV and leaves a surviving window at 4.108–4.164 GeV near the kinematic endpoint.
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Reviving Motivated Inflationary Potentials with $K$-inflation in the light of ACT
K-inflation with non-canonical kinetic term G(φ) shifts α-attractor T-models and natural inflation into the Planck-ACT-LB-BK18 allowed region while satisfying Swampland conjectures and producing testable GW spectra.
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Beyond the Cosmological Constant: Breaking the Geometric Degeneracy of $ f(Q) $ cosmology via Redshift-Space Distortions
Hybrid f(Q) cosmology with a 1/Q term is forced into background degeneracy with LambdaCDM but breaks it in the growth sector, yielding moderate preference over LambdaCDM when RSD data are included while leaving the background unchanged.
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Gravitational Waves from Matter Perturbations of Spectator Scalar Fields
A spectator scalar field with strong portal coupling to the inflaton sources a stochastic gravitational wave background reaching Ω_GW h² ∼ 10^{-11} at frequencies 10^7-10^8 Hz for benchmark parameters σ/λ ≃ 10^4 and T_reh = 2×10^{14} GeV.
-
Detectability of deuterium in spectra of early-type stars
Synthetic spectra and MCMC analysis establish deuterium detection limits in early-type stars as a function of SNR, Teff, and v sin i, with upper limits D/H < -5.5 dex for HD 32115 and < -4.9 dex for 21 Peg.
-
QCD-driven dark matter: AQNs formation and observational tests
Dark matter is composed of composite quark-antiquark objects stabilized by axion domain walls, offering a unified account of dark matter and baryon asymmetry.
-
Early- and Late-Time Modifications to $\Lambda$CDM: Implications for the Hubble Tension
An extended model with decaying dark matter around equality and w0 dark energy yields H0 ≈ 70 km/s/Mpc from Planck+ACT+DESI data, reducing Hubble tension to ~2.2σ while producing Bayesian evidence comparable to ΛCDM.
-
Noncanonical Approaches To Inflation
A review thesis covering Mukhanov parametrization, general scalar-tensor theories, and new slow-roll techniques for canonical and noncanonical inflation observables.
- Intertwined Constraints in Extended Cosmologies: Dark Energy, Curvature, Neutrinos, and Inflation