Direct waves in filtered Schwarzschild ringdown are the anti-causal filter-pole contribution sourced by near-horizon trajectory dynamics and do not vanish.
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Inspiral, merger and ring-down of equal-mass black-hole binaries
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abstract
We investigate the dynamics and gravitational-wave (GW) emission in the binary merger of equal-mass black holes as obtained from numerical relativity simulations. Results from the evolution of three sets of initial data are explored in detail, corresponding to different initial separations of the black holes. We find that to a good approximation the inspiral phase of the evolution is quasi-circular, followed by a "blurred, quasi-circular plunge", then merger and ring down. We present first-order comparisons between analytical models of the various stages of the merger and the numerical results. We provide comparisons between the numerical results and analytical predictions based on the adiabatic Newtonain, post-Newtonian (PN), and non-adiabatic resummed-PN models. From the ring-down portion of the GW we extract the fundamental quasi-normal mode and several of the overtones. Finally, we estimate the optimal signal-to-noise ratio for typical binaries detectable by GW experiments.
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gr-qc 24representative citing papers
Spectral properties of oscillatory sources suppress the branch-cut contribution to black hole ringdown tails, explaining their absence in quasi-circular mergers.
SEOBNRv6EHM is a multipolar EOB model for eccentric planar-orbit BBHs calibrated to NR simulations, showing low waveform mismatches up to eccentricity 0.9.
The gwNRHME framework constructs a multi-modal non-spinning eccentric gravitational waveform surrogate by modulating quasi-circular models with universal eccentric functions, achieving median mismatches of ~9e-5 against 156 NR waveforms.
Polynomial models for the (2,2) post-merger waveform amplitudes of eccentric non-spinning binary black holes are constructed from numerical-relativity data as functions of symmetric mass ratio and two merger-time dynamical parameters.
GreyRing model based on greybody factors reproduces numerical relativity ringdown signals with mismatches of order 10^{-6} and enables a new post-merger consistency test of general relativity applied to GW250114.
Head-on black-hole mergers next to a companion show Doppler- and redshift-shifted ringdown, lensing magnification behind the lens, and delayed echo images, with only tentative signs of resonant mode excitation.
Introduces Debye series and Debye-QNMs to decompose waveforms from Schwarzschild-star models, achieving early-time convergence and organizing ringdown plus echo packets into individual propagation channels.
A framework using scale separation in the Isaacson description defines observable gravitational memory rise for compact binary coalescences, providing a basis for hypothesis testing in LISA data.
Higher-curvature terms deform the near-horizon potential of spherically symmetric black holes, producing progressively larger shifts in overtone quasinormal frequencies that remain detectable in ringdown waveforms when the fundamental mode stays close to its GR value.
Higher-order WKB accurately computes quasinormal mode frequencies for rotating black holes beyond general relativity, with errors below current GW measurement precision for GW250114.
GW250114 data confirm the remnant is consistent with a Kerr black hole and bound the dominant quadrupolar mode frequency to within a few percent of the GR prediction, with constraints tighter than prior multi-event catalogs.
Ringdown analysis of GW150914 with overtones measures remnant mass and spin consistent with a Kerr black hole, supporting the no-hair theorem at the 10% level.
Hybrid SPA-plus-FFT frequency-domain version of SEOBNRv5THM for quasi-circular spin-aligned BNS systems matches time-domain baseline accuracy while cutting computational cost for long signals.
Axial perturbations of a gravitationally decoupled hairy black hole develop a double-peak potential that dynamically generates echo-like late-time waveforms in a suitable (α, β) region.
GW250114 data confirm the remnant black hole ringdown frequencies lie within 30% of Kerr predictions and that the final horizon area is larger than the sum of the progenitors' areas to high credibility.
No evidence for deviations from general relativity is found in LIGO-Virgo binary black hole events, with improved constraints on waveform parameters, graviton mass, and ringdown properties.
For a cubic-plus-quartic curvature EFT, photon-sphere and strong-lensing observables shift at first order in the couplings, but the impact-parameter formula is dimensionally wrong and the gravitational-wave QNM prediction is unproven.
The prompt response is ~1.2 times stronger than quasinormal mode excitation during inspiral and enables 99% accurate reconstruction of the full inspiral-merger-ringdown waveform when combined with other components.
Higher-curvature corrections induce polarization-dependent effective metrics for photons that shift photon spheres, alter eikonal quasinormal modes, and modify deflection angles in static spherically symmetric backgrounds.
Derives EFT corrections to deflection angle, photon sphere radius, critical impact parameter, and strong lensing coefficients for Reissner-Nordström black holes in weak and strong deflection regimes.
No evidence for physics beyond general relativity is found in the analysis of 15 GW events from GWTC-3, with consistency in residuals, PN parameters, and remnant properties.
Current and future observations can test whether dark compact objects are Kerr black holes or exotic alternatives, with null results strengthening the black hole paradigm.
A review of the MPM-PN approximation scheme that yields equations of motion to 4PN order and gravitational waveforms and fluxes to 4.5PN order for compact binary systems.
citing papers explorer
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Foundations of Direct Waves in Schwarzschild Ringdown
Direct waves in filtered Schwarzschild ringdown are the anti-causal filter-pole contribution sourced by near-horizon trajectory dynamics and do not vanish.
-
Spectral suppression of black hole ringdown tails
Spectral properties of oscillatory sources suppress the branch-cut contribution to black hole ringdown tails, explaining their absence in quasi-circular mergers.
-
Accurate waveforms for generic planar-orbit binary black holes: The multipolar effective-one-body model SEOBNRv6EHM
SEOBNRv6EHM is a multipolar EOB model for eccentric planar-orbit BBHs calibrated to NR simulations, showing low waveform mismatches up to eccentricity 0.9.
-
Including higher-order modes in a quadrupolar eccentric numerical relativity surrogate using universal eccentric modulation functions
The gwNRHME framework constructs a multi-modal non-spinning eccentric gravitational waveform surrogate by modulating quasi-circular models with universal eccentric functions, achieving median mismatches of ~9e-5 against 156 NR waveforms.
-
Highly eccentric non-spinning binary black hole mergers: quadrupolar post-merger waveforms
Polynomial models for the (2,2) post-merger waveform amplitudes of eccentric non-spinning binary black holes are constructed from numerical-relativity data as functions of symmetric mass ratio and two merger-time dynamical parameters.
-
Novel ringdown tests of general relativity with black hole greybody factors
GreyRing model based on greybody factors reproduces numerical relativity ringdown signals with mismatches of order 10^{-6} and enables a new post-merger consistency test of general relativity applied to GW250114.
-
Ringdown and lensing of triple systems
Head-on black-hole mergers next to a companion show Doppler- and redshift-shifted ringdown, lensing magnification behind the lens, and delayed echo images, with only tentative signs of resonant mode excitation.
-
Ringdown and echoes from compact objects: Debye series and Debye quasinormal modes
Introduces Debye series and Debye-QNMs to decompose waveforms from Schwarzschild-star models, achieving early-time convergence and organizing ringdown plus echo packets into individual propagation channels.
-
Toward claiming a detection of gravitational memory
A framework using scale separation in the Isaacson description defines observable gravitational memory rise for compact binary coalescences, providing a basis for hypothesis testing in LISA data.
-
Probing higher curvature gravity via ringdown with overtones
Higher-curvature terms deform the near-horizon potential of spherically symmetric black holes, producing progressively larger shifts in overtone quasinormal frequencies that remain detectable in ringdown waveforms when the fundamental mode stays close to its GR value.
-
Quasinormal modes of rotating black holes beyond general relativity in the WKB approximation
Higher-order WKB accurately computes quasinormal mode frequencies for rotating black holes beyond general relativity, with errors below current GW measurement precision for GW250114.
-
Black Hole Spectroscopy and Tests of General Relativity with GW250114
GW250114 data confirm the remnant is consistent with a Kerr black hole and bound the dominant quadrupolar mode frequency to within a few percent of the GR prediction, with constraints tighter than prior multi-event catalogs.
-
Testing the no-hair theorem with GW150914
Ringdown analysis of GW150914 with overtones measures remnant mass and spin consistent with a Kerr black hole, supporting the no-hair theorem at the 10% level.
-
Speed and accuracy for long signals: Frequency-domain effective-one-body waveforms for compact binary coalescences
Hybrid SPA-plus-FFT frequency-domain version of SEOBNRv5THM for quasi-circular spin-aligned BNS systems matches time-domain baseline accuracy while cutting computational cost for long signals.
-
Echoes of a hairy black hole from gravitational decoupling
Axial perturbations of a gravitationally decoupled hairy black hole develop a double-peak potential that dynamically generates echo-like late-time waveforms in a suitable (α, β) region.
-
GW250114: testing Hawking's area law and the Kerr nature of black holes
GW250114 data confirm the remnant black hole ringdown frequencies lie within 30% of Kerr predictions and that the final horizon area is larger than the sum of the progenitors' areas to high credibility.
-
Tests of General Relativity with Binary Black Holes from the second LIGO-Virgo Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog
No evidence for deviations from general relativity is found in LIGO-Virgo binary black hole events, with improved constraints on waveform parameters, graviton mass, and ringdown properties.
-
Photon Surfaces in Higher-Curvature Gravity: Implications for Quasinormal Modes and Gravitational Lensing
For a cubic-plus-quartic curvature EFT, photon-sphere and strong-lensing observables shift at first order in the couplings, but the impact-parameter formula is dimensionally wrong and the gravitational-wave QNM prediction is unproven.
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Prompt Response from Plunging Sources in Schwarzschild Spacetime
The prompt response is ~1.2 times stronger than quasinormal mode excitation during inspiral and enables 99% accurate reconstruction of the full inspiral-merger-ringdown waveform when combined with other components.
-
Polarization-Dependent Photon Propagation, Quasinormal Modes, and Gravitational Lensing in Higher-Curvature Effective Theories
Higher-curvature corrections induce polarization-dependent effective metrics for photons that shift photon spheres, alter eikonal quasinormal modes, and modify deflection angles in static spherically symmetric backgrounds.
-
Probing Effective Field Theory Corrections with Quasinormal Modes and Gravitational Lensing in Reissner-Nordstr\"om Black Holes
Derives EFT corrections to deflection angle, photon sphere radius, critical impact parameter, and strong lensing coefficients for Reissner-Nordström black holes in weak and strong deflection regimes.
-
Tests of General Relativity with GWTC-3
No evidence for physics beyond general relativity is found in the analysis of 15 GW events from GWTC-3, with consistency in residuals, PN parameters, and remnant properties.
-
Testing the nature of dark compact objects: a status report
Current and future observations can test whether dark compact objects are Kerr black holes or exotic alternatives, with null results strengthening the black hole paradigm.
-
Post-Newtonian Theory for Gravitational Waves
A review of the MPM-PN approximation scheme that yields equations of motion to 4PN order and gravitational waveforms and fluxes to 4.5PN order for compact binary systems.