A polynomial Plebański structural function H(P) enables the first realization of multicritical points in 4D GR, with the soliton sector exhibiting multiple first-order phase transitions whose number is set by the polynomial degree.
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Black hole chemistry: thermodynamics with Lambda
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abstract
We review recent developments on the thermodynamics of black holes in extended phase space, where the cosmological constant is interpreted as thermodynamic pressure and treated as a thermodynamic variable in its own right. In this approach, the mass of the black hole is no longer regarded as internal energy, rather it is identified with the chemical enthalpy. This leads to an extended dictionary for black hole thermodynamic quantities, in particular a notion of thermodynamic volume emerges for a given black hole spacetime. This volume is conjectured to satisfy the reverse isoperimetric inequality - an inequality imposing a bound on the amount of entropy black hole can carry for a fixed thermodynamic volume. New thermodynamic phase transitions naturally emerge from these identifications. Namely, we show that black holes can be understood from the viewpoint of chemistry, in terms of concepts such as Van der Waals fluids, reentrant phase transitions, and triple points. We also review the recent attempts at extending the AdS/CFT dictionary in this setting, discuss the connections with horizon thermodynamics, applications to Lifshitz spacetimes, and outline possible future directions in this field.
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Derives Smarr formula from generalized Komar charge in 4D Einstein-NLED theories by treating coupling constant as dynamical field, and analyzes thermodynamics of regular Bardeen black hole.
Quench dynamics in a holographic superfluid reveal a nonequilibrium crossover line in the supercritical region defined by a turning point in invasion velocity.
An explicit covariant formula for thermodynamic volume is derived that universally decomposes into explicit Lagrangian coupling dependence plus dynamical field response contributions.
In double holography, quantum backreaction from cutoff matter on a physical brane supplies a distinct color variable, resolving color-volume degeneracy for the quantum BTZ black hole.
Finite Carrollian black-hole thermodynamics arises as a double-scaled low-temperature large-N ensemble in AdS/CFT, with the boundary Brown-York stress tensor reproducing the contracted bulk Hamiltonian and first law.
Black hole phase transitions in AdS spacetime show critical slowing down with relaxation time scaling as τ = |ε|^{-2/3}, and this exponent is the same for RN-AdS, Kerr-AdS, and Bardeen black holes.
Lyapunov exponents act as order parameters for first-order phase transitions in Horava-Lifshitz black holes with mean-field critical exponent 1/2, while chaos bounds are violated below a horizon-radius threshold even in stable phases.
Scalarization in EMSGB gravity enables free-energy crossings between scalarized and Reissner-Nordström black holes, producing up to three phase transitions whose order changes with coupling strength.
A unified framework links the generating function for static black holes satisfying g_tt g_rr=-1 in extended quasi-topological gravity to thermodynamic mass and Wald entropy via an effective 2D dilaton theory.
Dynamical EoW branes in rotating BTZ black holes are mapped to JT gravity, yielding BCFT thermodynamics and indicating possible interior transitions between single and double-joint configurations.
Using two scalar-gauge pairs and the off-shell ADT formalism in a modified Einstein-Hilbert theory, the authors derive conserved charges for mass, cosmological constant, and G that yield a consistent extended thermodynamic first law and Smarr formula.
Euler-Heisenberg AdS black holes show a four-phase structure with two critical points and multiple Widom lines in the complex plane under Lee-Yang analysis.
Simpson-Visser regularization of Schwarzschild-AdS black holes yields a van der Waals-type temperature branch structure with three coexisting equilibria and topological charge W=+1 for regularization parameter below 1/sqrt(24), distinguishing it from the Schwarzschild-AdS case.
Bardeen-AdS black holes at fixed pressure show an intermediate Gibbs curve sequence between RN-AdS swallow-tails and single branches, with the three topology boundaries controlled by the combination 8πPg².
Black hole thermodynamic criticality exhibits universal relaxation scaling and critical slowing down determined by local bifurcation structures.
Analytic charged black holes in nonlinear electrodynamics with non-monotonic lapse functions support stable light rings and additional longer-lived quasinormal modes compared to Einstein gravity.
κ-deformation induces critical behavior and phase transitions in uncharged Schwarzschild-AdS black holes with Pc vc/Tc ≈ 0.37 independent of κ and a double-loop G-T structure.
In conformal Killing gravity, Schwarzschild AdS black holes obey the Bekenstein-Hawking area law, exhibit parameter-dependent Van der Waals-like phase transitions for positive values, and recover information via islands that restore the Page curve after a critical time.
Introduces a holographic pressure and volume for static spherically symmetric black holes via quasi-local thermodynamics, showing large black holes become extensive in the large-system limit while small ones do not.
Maxwell theory with auxiliary fields for the coupling constant breaks symmetries that BFT restores, making the original theory a gauge-fixed version of the extended symmetric theory.
QPO frequencies in RN AdS and Kerr geometries trace distinct thermodynamic phases and their stability when plotted against Hawking temperature.
Adapting Barnich-Compère conserved charges, the first law requires unvarying components for both the Killing vector and AdS background (true for E's ξ but not F's β), while V_C enters the β-Smarr relation due to simplifications from the principal conformal Killing-Yano tensor.
The signed first moment of winding numbers in a thermodynamic vector field, normalized by Davies scales, produces universal ratios C_S=2 and C_T=2/√3-1 in 4D, checked for multiple AdS black-hole families, with barrier B=1/3.