A polynomial Plebański structural function H(P) enables the first realization of multicritical points in 4D GR, with the soliton sector exhibiting multiple first-order phase transitions whose number is set by the polynomial degree.
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Black hole chemistry: thermodynamics with Lambda
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abstract
We review recent developments on the thermodynamics of black holes in extended phase space, where the cosmological constant is interpreted as thermodynamic pressure and treated as a thermodynamic variable in its own right. In this approach, the mass of the black hole is no longer regarded as internal energy, rather it is identified with the chemical enthalpy. This leads to an extended dictionary for black hole thermodynamic quantities, in particular a notion of thermodynamic volume emerges for a given black hole spacetime. This volume is conjectured to satisfy the reverse isoperimetric inequality - an inequality imposing a bound on the amount of entropy black hole can carry for a fixed thermodynamic volume. New thermodynamic phase transitions naturally emerge from these identifications. Namely, we show that black holes can be understood from the viewpoint of chemistry, in terms of concepts such as Van der Waals fluids, reentrant phase transitions, and triple points. We also review the recent attempts at extending the AdS/CFT dictionary in this setting, discuss the connections with horizon thermodynamics, applications to Lifshitz spacetimes, and outline possible future directions in this field.
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background 15representative citing papers
Derives Smarr formula from generalized Komar charge in 4D Einstein-NLED theories by treating coupling constant as dynamical field, and analyzes thermodynamics of regular Bardeen black hole.
Quench dynamics in a holographic superfluid reveal a nonequilibrium crossover line in the supercritical region defined by a turning point in invasion velocity.
An explicit covariant formula for thermodynamic volume is derived that universally decomposes into explicit Lagrangian coupling dependence plus dynamical field response contributions.
In double holography, quantum backreaction from cutoff matter on a physical brane supplies a distinct color variable, resolving color-volume degeneracy for the quantum BTZ black hole.
Finite Carrollian black-hole thermodynamics arises as a double-scaled low-temperature large-N ensemble in AdS/CFT, with the boundary Brown-York stress tensor reproducing the contracted bulk Hamiltonian and first law.
Black hole phase transitions in AdS spacetime show critical slowing down with relaxation time scaling as τ = |ε|^{-2/3}, and this exponent is the same for RN-AdS, Kerr-AdS, and Bardeen black holes.
Lyapunov exponents act as order parameters for first-order phase transitions in Horava-Lifshitz black holes with mean-field critical exponent 1/2, while chaos bounds are violated below a horizon-radius threshold even in stable phases.
Scalarization in EMSGB gravity enables free-energy crossings between scalarized and Reissner-Nordström black holes, producing up to three phase transitions whose order changes with coupling strength.
A unified framework links the generating function for static black holes satisfying g_tt g_rr=-1 in extended quasi-topological gravity to thermodynamic mass and Wald entropy via an effective 2D dilaton theory.
Dynamical EoW branes in rotating BTZ black holes are mapped to JT gravity, yielding BCFT thermodynamics and indicating possible interior transitions between single and double-joint configurations.
Using two scalar-gauge pairs and the off-shell ADT formalism in a modified Einstein-Hilbert theory, the authors derive conserved charges for mass, cosmological constant, and G that yield a consistent extended thermodynamic first law and Smarr formula.
Euler-Heisenberg AdS black holes show a four-phase structure with two critical points and multiple Widom lines in the complex plane under Lee-Yang analysis.
Simpson-Visser regularization of Schwarzschild-AdS black holes yields a van der Waals-type temperature branch structure with three coexisting equilibria and topological charge W=+1 for regularization parameter below 1/sqrt(24), distinguishing it from the Schwarzschild-AdS case.
Bardeen-AdS black holes at fixed pressure show an intermediate Gibbs curve sequence between RN-AdS swallow-tails and single branches, with the three topology boundaries controlled by the combination 8πPg².
Black hole thermodynamic criticality exhibits universal relaxation scaling and critical slowing down determined by local bifurcation structures.
Analytic charged black holes in nonlinear electrodynamics with non-monotonic lapse functions support stable light rings and additional longer-lived quasinormal modes compared to Einstein gravity.
κ-deformation induces critical behavior and phase transitions in uncharged Schwarzschild-AdS black holes with Pc vc/Tc ≈ 0.37 independent of κ and a double-loop G-T structure.
In conformal Killing gravity, Schwarzschild AdS black holes obey the Bekenstein-Hawking area law, exhibit parameter-dependent Van der Waals-like phase transitions for positive values, and recover information via islands that restore the Page curve after a critical time.
Introduces a holographic pressure and volume for static spherically symmetric black holes via quasi-local thermodynamics, showing large black holes become extensive in the large-system limit while small ones do not.
Maxwell theory with auxiliary fields for the coupling constant breaks symmetries that BFT restores, making the original theory a gauge-fixed version of the extended symmetric theory.
QPO frequencies in RN AdS and Kerr geometries trace distinct thermodynamic phases and their stability when plotted against Hawking temperature.
Adapting Barnich-Compère conserved charges, the first law requires unvarying components for both the Killing vector and AdS background (true for E's ξ but not F's β), while V_C enters the β-Smarr relation due to simplifications from the principal conformal Killing-Yano tensor.
Noncommutative corrections preserve the mean-field universality class of the supercritical crossover and Widom line in charged AdS black holes.
citing papers explorer
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Multicritical points of gravitational solitons and a black hole in four dimensions
A polynomial Plebański structural function H(P) enables the first realization of multicritical points in 4D GR, with the soliton sector exhibiting multiple first-order phase transitions whose number is set by the polynomial degree.
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Derivation of the Smarr formula from the Komar charge in Einstein-nonlinear electrodynamics theories and applications to regular black holes
Derives Smarr formula from generalized Komar charge in 4D Einstein-NLED theories by treating coupling constant as dynamical field, and analyzes thermodynamics of regular Bardeen black hole.
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Nonequilibrium crossover in the supercritical region from quench dynamics
Quench dynamics in a holographic superfluid reveal a nonequilibrium crossover line in the supercritical region defined by a turning point in invasion velocity.
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Explicit and covariant formula for thermodynamic volume in extended black hole thermodynamics
An explicit covariant formula for thermodynamic volume is derived that universally decomposes into explicit Lagrangian coupling dependence plus dynamical field response contributions.
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Quantum Black Hole Chemistry from Double Holography
In double holography, quantum backreaction from cutoff matter on a physical brane supplies a distinct color variable, resolving color-volume degeneracy for the quantum BTZ black hole.
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Large-$N$ Carrollian Thermodynamics from AdS Black-Hole Phase-Space Contractions
Finite Carrollian black-hole thermodynamics arises as a double-scaled low-temperature large-N ensemble in AdS/CFT, with the boundary Brown-York stress tensor reproducing the contracted bulk Hamiltonian and first law.
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Critical slowing down of black hole phase transition and universal dynamic scaling in AdS black holes
Black hole phase transitions in AdS spacetime show critical slowing down with relaxation time scaling as τ = |ε|^{-2/3}, and this exponent is the same for RN-AdS, Kerr-AdS, and Bardeen black holes.
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Phase Transitions and Chaos Bound in Horava Lifshitz Black Holes using Lyapunov Exponents
Lyapunov exponents act as order parameters for first-order phase transitions in Horava-Lifshitz black holes with mean-field critical exponent 1/2, while chaos bounds are violated below a horizon-radius threshold even in stable phases.
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Thermodynamic Phase Transitions in Einstein-Maxwell-Scalar-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
Scalarization in EMSGB gravity enables free-energy crossings between scalarized and Reissner-Nordström black holes, producing up to three phase transitions whose order changes with coupling strength.
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$g_{tt}g_{rr} =-1$ black hole thermodynamics in extended quasi-topological gravity
A unified framework links the generating function for static black holes satisfying g_tt g_rr=-1 in extended quasi-topological gravity to thermodynamic mass and Wald entropy via an effective 2D dilaton theory.
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Rotating End of the World
Dynamical EoW branes in rotating BTZ black holes are mapped to JT gravity, yielding BCFT thermodynamics and indicating possible interior transitions between single and double-joint configurations.
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Gravitational constant as a conserved charge in black hole thermodynamics
Using two scalar-gauge pairs and the off-shell ADT formalism in a modified Einstein-Hilbert theory, the authors derive conserved charges for mass, cosmological constant, and G that yield a consistent extended thermodynamic first law and Smarr formula.
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Complex Phase Structure and Widom line for Euler Heisenberg black holes
Euler-Heisenberg AdS black holes show a four-phase structure with two critical points and multiple Widom lines in the complex plane under Lee-Yang analysis.
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Holographic Thermodynamic Signatures of Simpson--Visser--AdS Black Holes
Simpson-Visser regularization of Schwarzschild-AdS black holes yields a van der Waals-type temperature branch structure with three coexisting equilibria and topological charge W=+1 for regularization parameter below 1/sqrt(24), distinguishing it from the Schwarzschild-AdS case.
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Equilibrium Gibbs Bifurcations of Bardeen-AdS Black Holes at Fixed Pressure
Bardeen-AdS black holes at fixed pressure show an intermediate Gibbs curve sequence between RN-AdS swallow-tails and single branches, with the three topology boundaries controlled by the combination 8πPg².
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Degenerate Bifurcations and Universal Relaxation Scaling in Black Hole Thermodynamics
Black hole thermodynamic criticality exhibits universal relaxation scaling and critical slowing down determined by local bifurcation structures.
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Properties of black holes in non-linear electrodynamics
Analytic charged black holes in nonlinear electrodynamics with non-monotonic lapse functions support stable light rings and additional longer-lived quasinormal modes compared to Einstein gravity.
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Thermodynamics and phase transitions of $\kappa$-deformed Schwarzschild-AdS black holes
κ-deformation induces critical behavior and phase transitions in uncharged Schwarzschild-AdS black holes with Pc vc/Tc ≈ 0.37 independent of κ and a double-loop G-T structure.
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Thermodynamics and information recovery of Schwarzschild AdS black holes in conformal Killing gravity
In conformal Killing gravity, Schwarzschild AdS black holes obey the Bekenstein-Hawking area law, exhibit parameter-dependent Van der Waals-like phase transitions for positive values, and recover information via islands that restore the Page curve after a critical time.
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Holographic pressure and volume for black holes
Introduces a holographic pressure and volume for static spherically symmetric black holes via quasi-local thermodynamics, showing large black holes become extensive in the large-system limit while small ones do not.
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Extended symmetry of the Maxwell theory with a gauge coupling constant as a conserved charge
Maxwell theory with auxiliary fields for the coupling constant breaks symmetries that BFT restores, making the original theory a gauge-fixed version of the extended symmetric theory.
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Probing Black Hole Phase Transitions through Quasi-Periodic Oscillations
QPO frequencies in RN AdS and Kerr geometries trace distinct thermodynamic phases and their stability when plotted against Hawking temperature.
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The Role of the Volume in Black Hole Thermodynamics
Adapting Barnich-Compère conserved charges, the first law requires unvarying components for both the Killing vector and AdS background (true for E's ξ but not F's β), while V_C enters the β-Smarr relation due to simplifications from the principal conformal Killing-Yano tensor.
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Perturbative study of Supercritical Crossover in Noncommutative-corrected Spacetime
Noncommutative corrections preserve the mean-field universality class of the supercritical crossover and Widom line in charged AdS black holes.
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Quantum-statistical constraints on Kerr-anti-de Sitter thermodynamics
Quantum-statistical constraints restrict the infinite family of KadS thermodynamic descriptions to a subclass that reduces to Schwarzschild-AdS and Kerr cases in appropriate limits, with uniqueness for co-rotating and volume-coincident descriptions.
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Thermodynamics and orbital structure of anti-de Sitter black holes in Palatini-inspired nonlinear electrodynamics
An exact AdS extension of the PINLED black hole is derived from the Einstein-Hilbert action plus nonlinear EM sector, preserving the original parametric form while adding the standard AdS lapse term, followed by full thermodynamic and geodesic analysis.
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Probabilistic Evolution of Black Hole Thermodynamic States via Fokker-Planck Equation
Solving the Fokker-Planck equation shows RN-AdS black hole phase transitions synchronize with a peak in entropy production rate, driven by maximum thermodynamic dissipation.
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Thermodynamics and phase transitions of charged-AdS black holes in dRGT massive gravity with nonlinear electrodynamics
Charged AdS black holes in dRGT massive gravity with exponential NED exhibit van der Waals-like first-order, second-order critical, and reentrant phase transitions between small and large black holes at fixed Lambda.
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Holographic Extended Thermodynamics of deformed AdS-Schwarzschild black hole
Analyzes bulk and boundary phase transitions in deformed AdS-Schwarzschild black holes using gravitational decoupling and holographic extended thermodynamics.
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A Note on Chaos in Hayward Black Holes with String Fluids
Melnikov analysis shows charge is essential for chaos under temporal perturbations in Hayward black holes with string fluids while spatial perturbations always produce chaos, with Lyapunov exponents modulated by string density and regularization.
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A new rotating axionic AdS$_4$ black hole dressed with a scalar field
A new axionically charged rotating AdS4 black hole solution with scalar field is presented, defined by a structural function and parameters, with thermodynamics derived via Euclidean method satisfying the first law.
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Energy Extraction via Magnetic Reconnection from a Rotating Dyonic Black Hole in $N = 2, \ U(1)^2$ Gauged Supergravity
Energy extraction via Comisso-Asenjo magnetic reconnection from rotating dyonic black holes in N=2 U(1)^2 gauged supergravity is possible but tightly limited by gauge coupling g and dyonic charges, peaking at intermediate spins rather than near-extremal.
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Criticality and Phase Structures of Excited Holographic Superconductors in Nonlinear Electrodynamics
In holographic superconductors with Born-Infeld electrodynamics, excited states become gapless below a critical pressure while the ground state remains gapped, arising from nonlinear screening competing with spatial curvature.
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Thermal and Optical Signatures of Einstein-Dyonic ModMax Black Holes with GUP and Plasma Modifications
The paper derives GUP-modified Hawking radiation spectra and Gauss-Bonnet light deflection angles for Einstein-Dyonic-ModMax black holes in vacuum and plasma, along with quantum-corrected thermodynamics showing phase transitions.
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Topology of black hole thermodynamics: A brief review
Topological numbers categorize black hole systems into universality classes based on thermodynamic behavior, with calculations for critical points and phase transitions.
- Lifshitz-like black branes in arbitrary dimensions and the third law of thermodynamics