Tilted massive black hole disks develop persistent m=1 nonaxisymmetric modes, launch Blandford-Znajek jets whose collimation depends on spin orientation, and emit gravitational waves in the first self-consistent GRMHD simulations of such systems.
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First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole in the Center of the Milky Way
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abstract
We present the first Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A$^*$), the Galactic center source associated with a supermassive black hole. These observations were conducted in 2017 using a global interferometric array of eight telescopes operating at a wavelength of $\lambda=1.3\,{\rm mm}$. The EHT data resolve a compact emission region with intrahour variability. A variety of imaging and modeling analyses all support an image that is dominated by a bright, thick ring with a diameter of $51.8 \pm 2.3$\,\uas (68\% credible interval). The ring has modest azimuthal brightness asymmetry and a comparatively dim interior. Using a large suite of numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the EHT images of Sgr A$^*$ are consistent with the expected appearance of a Kerr black hole with mass ${\sim}4 \times 10^6\,{\rm M}_\odot$, which is inferred to exist at this location based on previous infrared observations of individual stellar orbits as well as maser proper motion studies. Our model comparisons disfavor scenarios where the black hole is viewed at high inclination ($i > 50^\circ$), as well as non-spinning black holes and those with retrograde accretion disks. Our results provide direct evidence for the presence of a supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy, and for the first time we connect the predictions from dynamical measurements of stellar orbits on scales of $10^3-10^5$ gravitational radii to event horizon-scale images and variability. Furthermore, a comparison with the EHT results for the supermassive black hole M87$^*$ shows consistency with the predictions of general relativity spanning over three orders of magnitude in central mass.
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Kerr black holes in an EsGB model without linear instability undergo nonlinear scalarization above spin 0.5, existing in a finite low-mass high-spin wedge rather than a narrow band.
Surface-gravity waves in shallow water can be configured with central and graded drainage to analogize regular black holes and mimickers, enabling lab study of their instabilities.
Derives a factorized leading term for the strong deflection angle near degenerate photon spheres using local expansion of the effective potential and Weyl tensor measures.
In the Gravity from Entropy framework, spherically symmetric black holes acquire r^{-4} corrections to Schwarzschild geometry, with large-mass evaporation at constant rate -β/24 and intermediate-mass loss following the classical Hawking M^{-2} scaling.
Self-force theory is extended to compute merger and ringdown waveforms in beyond-GR black hole binaries under the extreme mass-ratio approximation, with first calculations of self-force corrections to the merger waveform.
In dRGT massive gravity, static spherically symmetric black holes exhibit zero, one, or two photon spheres whose topological charges and stability patterns differ from Einstein gravity and from horizonless compact objects.
Spinning test particles around rotating hairy black holes show finite-time instability in localized regions of the (spin, hair-parameter) plane that reorganize the strong-field phase space compared to Kerr.
Three distinct non-minimal curvature-EM couplings produce different enlargements or reductions of black hole shadows and alter photon ring separations in characteristic ways.
Corotating point sources on accretion disks near black holes distort the relative magnification factor distribution, modulating caustics and encoding accretion flow kinematics via time-delayed images.
Cuspy black hole shadows correspond to swallowtail thermodynamic free energy, with boundary self-intersections marking geometric phase transitions whose critical exponents fall in the mean-field class.
Superradiant amplification of charged scalar fields around rotating charged de Sitter black holes is suppressed in conformal Weyl gravity relative to general relativity, with strong exponential suppression for massive fields in the cosmological region.
Derives an exact solution for a black hole in anisotropic dark sector FLRW background with mass co-evolving via radius-dependent coupling governed by the dark halo profile.
Rotating wormhole shadows develop cusps above a universal critical redshift value λ_c, yielding four morphologies: smooth, cuspy, ears touching, and throat drowning.
Upper bound r_γ ≤ [(n-1)M]^{1/(n-3)} and lower bound r_γ ≥ ((n-1)/2)^{1/(n-3)} r_H on the photon sphere for nD black holes with anisotropic matter obeying the weak energy condition and non-positive trace.
Derives an electrically charged generalization of the Kiselev black hole metric and studies charged particle orbits, finding prograde periapsis shifts for uncharged particles but possible retrograde shifts for charged ones.
Higher-curvature EFT terms modify the photon sphere radius, critical impact parameter, and strong deflection coefficients, providing sensitive probes for constraints on quantum gravity effects via lensing and QNM spectra.
In Kruglov nonlinear electrodynamics, small positive values of the parameter q produce stable photon orbits outside the event horizon and modify black hole shadows and relativistic images even when the spacetime metric stays close to Reissner-Nordström.
New regular black hole metrics in GR arise from a magnetic monopole NLED configuration with de Sitter cores, are fitted to Sgr A* shadow size, and remain stable under scalar perturbations.
Rotating black holes with a nonminimally coupled Lorentz-violating background act as optical diodes by producing direction-dependent shadows that morph from quasi-symmetric to teardrop upon path reversal.
Magnetic fields lower the scalarization threshold for electromagnetic and gravitational Chern-Simons couplings but produce opposite trends on the two Gauss-Bonnet branches, with nonlinear terms converting exponential growth into bounded oscillations.
Nonlocal black holes remain consistent with general relativity at the 1.13-sigma level after joint lensing and quasinormal-mode constraints.
Simulation-based inference reliably extracts physical parameters from noisy spectra of analogue black holes.