GraphNPE recovers a significantly lower central density for Boötes I consistent with a core while Draco remains marginally cuspy, and demonstrates that higher-order velocity moments reduce bias in dynamical modeling.
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Particle Dark Matter: Evidence, Candidates and Constraints
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abstract
In this review article, we discuss the current status of particle dark matter, including experimental evidence and theoretical motivations. We discuss a wide array of candidates for particle dark matter, but focus on neutralinos in models of supersymmetry and Kaluza-Klein dark matter in models of universal extra dimensions. We devote much of our attention to direct and indirect detection techniques, the constraints placed by these experiments and the reach of future experimental efforts.
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An exact analytic metric is constructed for rotating black holes embedded in generic dark matter halos with a central density spike that vanishes beyond a truncation radius near the horizon, generalizing prior spherical solutions.
A semiclassical tunneling model shows that two-field ultralight DM halos have stability bounds that can be relaxed for some density-mass ratios but become more stringent across much of the parameter space compared to single-field cases.
Tachyonic instabilities from post-inflation curvature reorganization via quadratic Gauss-Bonnet coupling produce the observed dark matter relic density across wide mass and scale ranges, backed by lattice simulations and a fitting function.
Axion-like fields coupled to the Nieh-Yan term generate a chiral GW background during radiation domination, with parameter space explored for detectability in PTA and space-based observatories.
No three-body encounter signatures detected in GW170817, GW190814, and GW230627_015337, constraining intermediate-mass black holes above 100 solar masses within roughly 0.1 AU of these binaries.
A leptogenesis framework generates both baryon asymmetry and asymmetric dark matter via heavy Majorana neutrino decays, enabling a TeV-scale seesaw with hierarchical couplings and testable spin-independent DM cross sections above 10 GeV.
A Z4 × Z3 discrete gauge symmetry in the SM requires three new Majorana fermions whose lightest member is stable DM with mass from a singlet scalar VEV near the electroweak scale, enabling WIMP freeze-out via scalar-mediated annihilation.
Higher-derivative extension of dark matter yields an imperfect fluid that matches pressureless dust on homogeneous backgrounds but generates acceleration and vorticity to avoid caustic singularities in inhomogeneous cosmologies.
Temperature-dependent DM couplings mediated by a scalar field's VEV that drops after a first-order phase transition allow sufficient early-universe annihilations for the observed relic density while evading current direct detection bounds.
A non-minimally coupled vector field reproduces Einstein cluster dynamics that account for flat galactic rotation curves.
Theoretical proposal for a spacecraft-Earth experiment to constrain spin- and velocity-dependent fifth forces mediated by ultralight vector bosons, claiming up to three orders of magnitude improvement over current bounds.
Increasing the bosonic dark matter fraction in admixed neutron stars shifts axial quasi-normal mode frequencies and damping times, can reorder mode hierarchy, and drives a transition from neutron-star-like to boson-star-like ringdown behavior.
DAMSA proposes an ultra-short baseline accelerator experiment to detect short-lived dark sector messengers by overcoming the sensitivity ceiling of longer-baseline beam dump experiments through a compact detector design.
At fixed host-halo mass, filament halos show mass-dependent boost modulation from 15% suppression to 12% enhancement, walls are intermediate, and void halos are suppressed by 30-33% relative to the cosmic-mean prediction.
Supersymmetry with heavy particles above ~10^5 GeV enhances asteroid-mass PBH production via transient equation-of-state softening, allowing them to comprise all dark matter unlike in the Standard Model.
Radiative barriers in SUSY flat directions enable supercooled PTs yielding Ω_GW h² up to ~3e-10 for M_λ̃/v_X in 0.05-0.23, with the hidden sector also reproducing Ω_CDM h²=0.12 for m_q ~30-800 keV.
Dynamical Tsallis q during WIMP freeze-out leaves residual nonextensivity that alters neutrino energy density and N_eff through a phenomenological memory channel while staying within observational limits.
Dark matter halo profiles admit effective nonlinear electrodynamics completions that source regular black holes exhibiting de Sitter cores for finite central density and Schwarzschild asymptotics.
Derives perihelion shift equations for S2 star in generalized Schwarzschild-Dehnen BH-DM spacetime and constrains gamma, rho_s, rs via MCMC on Do et al. and Gillessen et al. datasets.
Multi-field tunneling analysis in a CP-violating NJL model yields a slow transition (β/H ~ 100) whose stochastic gravitational-wave signal is detectable by μAres and insensitive to the CP angle.
Classically conformal SU(2)_X model with triplet dark scalar yields viable WIMP and supercooled DM parameter spaces whose production histories are set by the model's first-order phase transition, with gravitational waves as a common probe.
Gravitational scalar production yields reheating-dependent constraints on dark matter scalars, with dilution preserving viability for k<4 low-temperature reheating and factorization in multi-stage cases.
Galactic synchrotron emissions above 20 MHz can set tighter upper limits on the abundance of primordial black holes with masses above 10^16 grams than previous cosmic-ray electron data.
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Dark Matter in Draco and Bo\"otes I: Hints of a Core in an Ultra-Faint Dwarf from Simulation-Based Inference
GraphNPE recovers a significantly lower central density for Boötes I consistent with a core while Draco remains marginally cuspy, and demonstrates that higher-order velocity moments reduce bias in dynamical modeling.