First neural-network subgrid model for special relativistic MHD reproduces 4x-higher-resolution magnetic field amplification in 3D Kelvin-Helmholtz tests at 44x speedup.
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GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral
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abstract
On August 17, 2017 at 12:41:04 UTC the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo gravitational-wave detectors made their first observation of a binary neutron star inspiral. The signal, GW170817, was detected with a combined signal-to-noise ratio of 32.4 and a false-alarm-rate estimate of less than one per $8.0\times10^4$ years. We infer the component masses of the binary to be between 0.86 and 2.26 $M_\odot$, in agreement with masses of known neutron stars. Restricting the component spins to the range inferred in binary neutron stars, we find the component masses to be in the range 1.17 to 1.60 $M_\odot$, with the total mass of the system $2.74^{+0.04}_{-0.01}\,M_\odot$. The source was localized within a sky region of 28 deg$^2$ (90% probability) and had a luminosity distance of $40^{+8}_{-14}$ Mpc, the closest and most precisely localized gravitational-wave signal yet. The association with the gamma-ray burst GRB 170817A, detected by Fermi-GBM 1.7 s after the coalescence, corroborates the hypothesis of a neutron star merger and provides the first direct evidence of a link between these mergers and short gamma-ray bursts. Subsequent identification of transient counterparts across the electromagnetic spectrum in the same location further supports the interpretation of this event as a neutron star merger. This unprecedented joint gravitational and electromagnetic observation provides insight into astrophysics, dense matter, gravitation and cosmology.
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- abstract On August 17, 2017 at 12:41:04 UTC the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo gravitational-wave detectors made their first observation of a binary neutron star inspiral. The signal, GW170817, was detected with a combined signal-to-noise ratio of 32.4 and a false-alarm-rate estimate of less than one per $8.0\times10^4$ years. We infer the component masses of the binary to be between 0.86 and 2.26 $M_\odot$, in agreement with masses of known neutron stars. Restricting the component spins to the range inferred in binary neutron stars, we find the component masses to be in the range 1.17 to 1.60 $M_\od
- background arm-length, basically all of the observable signal is at f ≪ f∗ (and the Earth's rotation in this case does not help, since the degeneracy between the pattern functions of the two scalar modes at f ≪ f∗ is not affected by the Earth's rotation). 1.2.2.2 Current and future constraints Preliminary tests were carried out with GW events seen in both LIGO detectors and Virgo, e.g. GW170814 [86] and GW170817 [2]. For the first detected GW event, GW150914 [1], there was no conclusive constraint on the -
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representative citing papers
Complete leading-order dynamical tidal corrections to neutron-star binaries are derived in EFT, showing dynamical Love numbers enhanced relative to static ones and yielding measurable contributions to the GW phase at 8PN order.
Numerical relativity simulations of black hole scattering in Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity agree closely with effective-one-body analytic predictions.
BHaHAHA provides the first infrastructure-agnostic open-source apparent horizon finder using a hyperbolic flow method, with reported 64x speedups on difficult cases and 2.1x faster dynamic tracking than AHFinderDirect.
Subsolar strange star mergers produce a lower post-merger-to-cutoff GW frequency ratio than neutron star mergers, cleanly separating the two classes across equations of state and mass ratios.
Numerical simulations of plane gravitational waves through Gaussian, NFW and Burkert potentials show non-geodesic propagation for Gaussian profiles and wave convexity reversal for Burkert in strong gravity, with order-one deviations from scalar-wave predictions inside the lens.
Calculates energy fluxes with quadratic-in-spin and quadrupole effects for small-mass-ratio spinning binaries in self-force theory, providing numerical data and sixth-order PN expansions.
All gravitational-wave binaries analyzed through O4a are consistent with zero line-of-sight acceleration, measured with a new time-domain Doppler method applicable to any waveform model.
A general framework for incorporating arbitrary nonequilibrium corrections into linear non-radial relativistic stellar perturbations without specifying constitutive relations.
First search for high-frequency gravitational waves via inverse Gertsenshtein conversion in Earth's magnetic field with VLA and ALMA sets new upper limits h_c ≲ 10^{-18} from 1 GHz to 1 THz.
Exact quasi-bound scalar field states in dyonic Kerr-Sen black holes are expressed as confluent Heun functions with quantized frequencies showing exponential growth for positive real parts inside the horizons, supporting chronology protection.
Implements full-Stokes SGWB map-making for ground-based networks, applies to LVK O3 data, and constrains polarized angular spectra while showing intensity-only models can be biased.
An analytic Chebyshev-expansion method computes gravitational-wave fluxes from arbitrary-eccentricity Schwarzschild geodesics by reducing them to sums of prior Keplerian Fourier coefficients, with numerical tests showing 10^{-5} total flux accuracy and sub-10^{-6} mode errors for selected cases.
In Einstein-scalar-Maxwell theories, charged compact binaries produce gravitational waveforms containing a leading -1 post-Newtonian dipole correction controlled by one deviation parameter b.
GW-Eyes is a new LLM-powered agent framework that autonomously associates gravitational-wave events with electromagnetic counterparts by integrating specialized tools and supporting natural-language interaction.
Axial tidal Love numbers for black holes in anisotropic fluid environments are derived analytically and numerically, with non-compact support density profiles producing logarithmic terms that obstruct standard tidal matching due to the lack of a strictly vacuum exterior.
A gauge-theoretic framework enables zero-latency causal whitening in GW pipelines, preserving SNR and reducing latency by 1 s (33%) in production tests on O3 data.
Establishes chi^2-dissipation identities, spectral decomposition of Lyapunov functions, and explicit KL convergence factors for Blahut-Arimoto dynamics.
An exact Debye-series decomposition of the scattering matrix for waves on compact stars reveals distinct Regge-Debye pole families that dominate amplitudes differently in neutron-star-like and ultracompact regimes.
The linearized 3+1 TEGR system has imaginary eigenvalues in its principal symbol but becomes strongly hyperbolic after gauge fixing isolated problematic sectors.
Bubble collisions in a seesaw model produce right-handed neutrinos that source novel gravitational waves detectable by LISA, ET, and LVK while allowing the lightest RHN to explain dark matter or enable leptogenesis.
Analytic construction of a 5D rotating braneworld black hole using Janis-Newman algorithm in Hopf coordinates that induces Kerr on the brane and connects to AdS5 boundary through bulk anisotropic fluid.
Derives closed 5D partial-wave Raman scattering amplitude via NS functions and computes non-vanishing dynamical ℓ=0 and static ℓ=1 scalar tidal Love numbers with RG running up to O(G²) for STBH.
Requiring stealth Schwarzschild and de Sitter solutions in quadratic/cubic scalar-tensor theories eliminates odd-parity deviations from GR when all solutions are required, while allowing some deviations and non-trivial GW speeds in less restrictive cases.
citing papers explorer
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Subgrid Modelling for Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics with Machine Learning
First neural-network subgrid model for special relativistic MHD reproduces 4x-higher-resolution magnetic field amplification in 3D Kelvin-Helmholtz tests at 44x speedup.
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Dynamical Tidal Response of Neutron Stars: from Effective Field Theory to Gravitational Waveforms
Complete leading-order dynamical tidal corrections to neutron-star binaries are derived in EFT, showing dynamical Love numbers enhanced relative to static ones and yielding measurable contributions to the GW phase at 8PN order.
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Black-Hole Scattering in Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet: Numerical Relativity Meets Analytics
Numerical relativity simulations of black hole scattering in Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity agree closely with effective-one-body analytic predictions.
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BHaHAHA: A Fast, Robust Apparent Horizon Finder Library for Numerical Relativity
BHaHAHA provides the first infrastructure-agnostic open-source apparent horizon finder using a hyperbolic flow method, with reported 64x speedups on difficult cases and 2.1x faster dynamic tracking than AHFinderDirect.
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Subsolar-mass binary mergers of strange stars and neutron stars: gravitational waves and ejecta
Subsolar strange star mergers produce a lower post-merger-to-cutoff GW frequency ratio than neutron star mergers, cleanly separating the two classes across equations of state and mass ratios.
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Wave Optics Effects from Gravitational Wave Propagation Through Dark Matter Halos
Numerical simulations of plane gravitational waves through Gaussian, NFW and Burkert potentials show non-geodesic propagation for Gaussian profiles and wave convexity reversal for Burkert in strong gravity, with order-one deviations from scalar-wave predictions inside the lens.
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Quadrupole and quadratic-in-spin effects in quasicircular, spinning, asymmetric binaries
Calculates energy fluxes with quadratic-in-spin and quadrupole effects for small-mass-ratio spinning binaries in self-force theory, providing numerical data and sixth-order PN expansions.
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Constraints on Line-of-Sight Acceleration from O1-O4
All gravitational-wave binaries analyzed through O4a are consistent with zero line-of-sight acceleration, measured with a new time-domain Doppler method applicable to any waveform model.
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Out-of-Equilibrium Effects in Non-Radial Relativistic Stellar Perturbations: A Model-Agnostic Formulation and Mode Analysis
A general framework for incorporating arbitrary nonequilibrium corrections into linear non-radial relativistic stellar perturbations without specifying constitutive relations.
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Search for High-Frequency Gravitational Waves via Geomagnetic Conversion with Radio Telescopes
First search for high-frequency gravitational waves via inverse Gertsenshtein conversion in Earth's magnetic field with VLA and ALMA sets new upper limits h_c ≲ 10^{-18} from 1 GHz to 1 THz.
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Quasi-bound States of Scalar field inside the Dyonic Kerr-Sen Black Hole
Exact quasi-bound scalar field states in dyonic Kerr-Sen black holes are expressed as confluent Heun functions with quantized frequencies showing exponential growth for positive real parts inside the horizons, supporting chronology protection.
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Polarized Anisotropic Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background Search with Ground-Based Detector Networks
Implements full-Stokes SGWB map-making for ground-based networks, applies to LVK O3 data, and constrains polarized angular spectra while showing intensity-only models can be biased.
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Analytical Fluxes from Generic Schwarzschild Geodesics
An analytic Chebyshev-expansion method computes gravitational-wave fluxes from arbitrary-eccentricity Schwarzschild geodesics by reducing them to sums of prior Keplerian Fourier coefficients, with numerical tests showing 10^{-5} total flux accuracy and sub-10^{-6} mode errors for selected cases.
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Inspiral gravitational waveforms from charged compact binaries with scalar hair
In Einstein-scalar-Maxwell theories, charged compact binaries produce gravitational waveforms containing a leading -1 post-Newtonian dipole correction controlled by one deviation parameter b.
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An agentic framework for gravitational-wave counterpart association in the multi-messenger era
GW-Eyes is a new LLM-powered agent framework that autonomously associates gravitational-wave events with electromagnetic counterparts by integrating specialized tools and supporting natural-language interaction.
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Axial tidal Love numbers of black holes in matter environments
Axial tidal Love numbers for black holes in anisotropic fluid environments are derived analytically and numerically, with non-compact support density profiles producing logarithmic terms that obstruct standard tidal matching due to the lack of a strictly vacuum exterior.
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Gauge Theoretic Signal Processing II: Zero-Latency Whitening for Early Warning Pipelines
A gauge-theoretic framework enables zero-latency causal whitening in GW pipelines, preserving SNR and reducing latency by 1 s (33%) in production tests on O3 data.
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Relaxation Kernel, Spectral Dissipation, and Global Convergence of Blahut--Arimoto Dynamics
Establishes chi^2-dissipation identities, spectral decomposition of Lyapunov functions, and explicit KL convergence factors for Blahut-Arimoto dynamics.
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Scattering from compact objects: Debye series and Regge-Debye poles
An exact Debye-series decomposition of the scattering matrix for waves on compact stars reveals distinct Regge-Debye pole families that dominate amplitudes differently in neutron-star-like and ultracompact regimes.
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Hyperbolicity analysis of the linearised 3+1 formulation in the Teleparallel Equivalent of General Relativity
The linearized 3+1 TEGR system has imaginary eigenvalues in its principal symbol but becomes strongly hyperbolic after gauge fixing isolated problematic sectors.
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Cosmic Collider Gravitational Waves sourced by Right-handed Neutrino production from Bubbles: Testing Seesaw, Leptogenesis and Dark Matter
Bubble collisions in a seesaw model produce right-handed neutrinos that source novel gravitational waves detectable by LISA, ET, and LVK while allowing the lightest RHN to explain dark matter or enable leptogenesis.
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Localized five-dimensional rotating brane-world black hole Analytically Connected to an to an AdS$_5$ boundary
Analytic construction of a 5D rotating braneworld black hole using Janis-Newman algorithm in Hopf coordinates that induces Kerr on the brane and connects to AdS5 boundary through bulk anisotropic fluid.
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5-Dimensional Gravitational Raman Scattering: Scalar Wave Perturbations in Schwarzschild-Tangherlini Spacetime
Derives closed 5D partial-wave Raman scattering amplitude via NS functions and computes non-vanishing dynamical ℓ=0 and static ℓ=1 scalar tidal Love numbers with RG running up to O(G²) for STBH.
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Inverting no-hair theorems: How requiring General Relativity solutions restricts scalar-tensor theories
Requiring stealth Schwarzschild and de Sitter solutions in quadratic/cubic scalar-tensor theories eliminates odd-parity deviations from GR when all solutions are required, while allowing some deviations and non-trivial GW speeds in less restrictive cases.
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GWTC-2: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the First Half of the Third Observing Run
LIGO and Virgo detected 39 compact binary coalescence events in O3a, including 13 new ones, with black hole binaries up to 150 solar masses and the first significantly asymmetric mass ratios.
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New Sensitivity Curves for Gravitational-Wave Signals from Cosmological Phase Transitions
Defines peak-integrated sensitivity curves (PISCs) that fold in the expected spectral shape of gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions and supplies semianalytical fits plus public data for major detectors.
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Revisit Static Aether: Exact Vacuum Solution in Einstein-Aether Theory and Its Analytic Extension
Exact static vacuum solution in Einstein-Aether theory parameterized by c14, with analytic extension showing naked singularities or wormhole geometries rather than black holes when c14 is nonzero.
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Amortized Simulation-Based Inference of Relativistic Mean-Field Couplings for Neutron-Star Equations of State
Amortized neural posterior estimation reproduces nested sampling constraints on RMF couplings for neutron-star EOS with no bias and generates 30,000 samples in 2.5 seconds.
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Scalar diquarks in the QCD vacuum
A first-principles FRG approach to two-flavor QCD derives low-energy constants for the pion, sigma-meson and scalar diquark without parameters beyond QCD itself, including new diquark properties for color-superconducting models.
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Baryonic mass budgets in the central regions of the Bullet Cluster and their consistency with strong lensing in MOND
MOND strong-lensing masses in the Bullet Cluster’s three BCG cores lie between lower and upper IGIMF baryonic mass estimates from JWST photometry.
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Scalar-scalar-tensor interaction in DHOST theories
Derives the cubic scalar-scalar-tensor interaction action for perturbations in quadratic DHOST theories on cosmological backgrounds.
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Improving low-latency multi-messenger follow-up of neutron star-black hole mergers with mode-by-mode filtering
Mode-by-mode filtering of higher-order modes enables low-latency marginalization over mode information in NSBH gravitational-wave signals, tightening constraints on distance, inclination, and secondary mass.
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The cosmic tetrarchy: four estimators breaking the assumption degeneracy in cosmological distance tensions
Four BAO-based estimators of the sound-horizon ratio r_d/r_d^fid, each built on a different subset of assumptions (distance duality, flatness, standard ruler), all agree on a single redshift-independent value with current DESI DR2 + Pantheon+ + CC data.
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A magnetar formation in binary neutron star merger
High-resolution GR neutrino-radiation MHD simulation of 1.35-1.35 Msun BNS merger shows KHI-driven B-field amplification to magnetar levels (~10^50 erg, factor >=316) in 3 ms post-merger.
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Method to get Better Sky Maps in a GstLAL Low-Latency Analysis
A targeted hierarchical search refines GstLAL low-latency gravitational wave candidates to improve sky localization by 16.75% on average using O3 data and has been adopted for O4.
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Curvature-induced scalarization of charged AdS black holes
The Breitenlohner-Freedman bound restricts Gauss-Bonnet scalarization of RN-AdS black holes to a single fundamental branch for 0<η<2.25, with a separate single branch for η<0.
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Eccentric and unbound compact binaries in the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA catalog: parameter estimation and waveform systematics with SEOBNRv6EHM
SEOBNRv6EHM reduces parameter biases for eccentric binaries versus prior models and shows mild support for eccentricity in five catalog events plus comparable unbound fits for three high-mass events.
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Ces\`aro convergence of the high-order WKB method and its applications to black-hole overtones and long-lived modes
High-order WKB with Padé approximants and Cesàro means enables computation of black-hole overtones and long-lived quasinormal modes, with a noted limitation that apparent convergence can be incorrect for some metrics.
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Massquerade: Impacts of Mass Ratio Reversals on Binary Black Hole Merger Rates and Mass Distributions
Mass ratio reversals produce qualitatively different contributions to BBH merger rates and masses in COMPAS versus SEVN simulations, with core-growth dominating and most systems arising from massive low-metallicity progenitors.
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Spin-Hair Induced Chaos of Spinning Test Particles in Rotating Hairy Black Holes
Spinning test particles around rotating hairy black holes show finite-time instability in localized regions of the (spin, hair-parameter) plane that reorganize the strong-field phase space compared to Kerr.
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The Very Late Time Afterglow of GW170817 Favors a Wobbling Jet
A ring-shaped wobbling jet explains the shallow late-time afterglow decay of GW170817 better than a collimated jet at 4.8 sigma significance, implying a ~27 degree wobble angle.
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Neutron stars in a conservative $f(R,T)$ gravity
A conservative f(R,T) gravity reformulation decouples the gravitational sector from the microphysical equation of state, enabling computation of neutron star mass-radius relations and tidal deformabilities that satisfy current astrophysical constraints.
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Effects of magnetically driven shocks on nucleosynthesis and kilonovae from neutron star mergers
Magnetically driven shocks from neutron star merger remnants can reheat ejecta to nuclear statistical equilibrium, alter r-process yields, and produce observable changes in kilonova color and light curves.
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Scalar emission from binary neutron stars in scalar-tensor theories with kinetic screening
Kinetic screening non-monotonically suppresses or enhances scalar quadrupolar emission from equal-mass neutron star binaries depending on screening radius versus wavelength, with a dipole re-emerging linearly with mass asymmetry.
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Large amplification of the isospin-dependence of proton emitting source size in radioactive heavy-ion collisions: a signal of n-p correlation
Proton emitting source size is amplified by 24% in neutron-rich versus neutron-deficient tin collisions, revealing a beyond-mean-field short-range n-p correlation effect.
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A Physics Informed Bayesian Neural Network for the Neutron Star Equation of State
A physics-informed Bayesian neural network learns neutron-star equations of state from theoretical priors and constraints, then generates posterior mass-radius and mass-tidal-deformability distributions consistent with NICER radii and 2-solar-mass limits.
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Tests of scalar polarizations with multi-messenger events
Adding the electromagnetic polarization-angle prior to a PPE test of GW170817 tightens the scalar-breathing amplitude bound by ~60% and yields a non-significant ~2–3σ preference for a scalar mode.
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Alfven-winged pulsar
A neutron star in a compact binary generates relativistic Alfven wings that carry most of the intersected electromagnetic power and may produce periodic pulsar-like emission.
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Irreducible Gravitational Wave Background as a Particle Detector
Spectral features of primordial gravitational-wave backgrounds can directly reconstruct the mass and decay rate of long-lived BSM particles via the frequencies imprinted by an early matter-dominated epoch.
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Mechanical Long Baseline Differential Gradiometers as Low Frequency Gravitational Wave Detectors
A vertical long-wire suspended gradiometer configuration amplifies gravitational wave signals from order h to order h L/D by separating gravitational force from moment of inertia.