In a curvature-coupled propagation framework for modified gravity, gravitational-wave lensing in wave optics shows persistent infrared interactions that prevent the amplification factor from approaching unity at zero frequency, requiring an interacting Green function and partial-wave treatment.
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The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment
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The status of experimental tests of general relativity and of theoretical frameworks for analyzing them are reviewed and updated. Einstein's equivalence principle (EEP) is well supported by experiments such as the Eotvos experiment, tests of local Lorentz invariance and clock experiments. Ongoing tests of EEP and of the inverse square law are searching for new interactions arising from unification or quantum gravity. Tests of general relativity at the post-Newtonian level have reached high precision, including the light deflection, the Shapiro time delay, the perihelion advance of Mercury, the Nordtvedt effect in lunar motion, and frame-dragging. Gravitational-wave damping has been detected in an amount that agrees with general relativity to better than half a percent using the Hulse-Taylor binary pulsar, and a growing family of other binary pulsar systems is yielding new tests, especially of strong-field effects. Current and future tests of relativity will center on strong gravity and gravitational waves.
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representative citing papers
Exact quasi-bound scalar field states in dyonic Kerr-Sen black holes are expressed as confluent Heun functions with quantized frequencies showing exponential growth for positive real parts inside the horizons, supporting chronology protection.
An external dynamical environment forms a resonant cavity with a black hole in dCS gravity that triggers Mathieu instability in the scalar sector, producing cascading amplification of gravitational waves via a delayed secondary burst.
Field equation analysis near infinity in massive Hellings-Nordtvedt theory restricts the model to two single-coupling sectors; the A²R sector yields asymptotically flat Schwarzschild black holes with radial vector fields and neutron stars with measurable deviations from GR while satisfying weak-fiel
In Ricci-coupled scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, the change in scalar charge during binary black hole mergers generates a scalar memory contribution that modifies the total memory signal on observable timescales.
A master screening equation is derived for luminal Horndeski gravity that recovers Vainshtein and Chameleon mechanisms and introduces Phaedrus screening with screening radius scaling linearly with source mass.
A full-covariance formalism for PTA-astrometry ORF estimators forecasts graviton-mass upper limits of 4.41e-24 eV/c2 for current-like setups and 0.48e-24 eV/c2 for SKA/Theia-like future setups, with astrometry adding significant power in the latter case.
A reduction scheme transforms arbitrary N-term scalar and matrix recurrence relations from black hole perturbations in modified gravity into three-term relations solvable by continued fractions.
Multi-scalar-tensor gravity admits an exact covariant thermodynamic interpretation as an imperfect fluid whose heat flux involves a coupling-derived factor χ and a residual gradient sector, yielding multi-field thermal diagnostics and a GR-attractor criterion that is stricter than simple freezing of
Treating the baryogenesis operator as part of the action yields modified Friedmann and Raychaudhuri equations with an effective Planck mass M_eff² = M_Pl² - 2λ ∇_μ J^μ for the vector-density realization of the current.
RG-improved black hole spacetimes with scale-dependent gravitational coupling are derived as vacuum solutions to 2D Horndeski master field equations, embedding prior works and exposing implementation discrepancies.
Self-force theory is extended to compute merger and ringdown waveforms in beyond-GR black hole binaries under the extreme mass-ratio approximation, with first calculations of self-force corrections to the merger waveform.
Stable neutron-star configurations denser than black holes exist in quasi-topological gravity and may produce detectable gravitational-wave echoes.
Hydrodynamical simulations in f(R) gravity using Illustris-TNG find observable 20% effects on high-z HI and stellar power spectra exceeding SKA errors, plus changes in disc galaxy formation.
Numerical relativity in the decoupling limit reveals dynamical scalarization and spin-induced (de)scalarization during hyperbolic black hole encounters for both signs of the coupling.
Quantum matter sources an operator-valued Shapiro delay that promotes causal boundaries to noncommuting observables and allows superpositions of causal relations between spacetime points.
Numerical simulations of collapsing scalarized neutron stars show scalar radiation energy of order 10^{-3} solar masses, orders of magnitude above the tensor quadrupolar emission, potentially observable to test modified gravity.
UV completeness in scalar-tensor gravity restricts Yukawa fifth-force parameters α and λ to a finite wedge whose complement is ruled out, with part of the excluded domain below current experimental bounds.
Kinetic screening non-monotonically suppresses or enhances scalar quadrupolar emission from equal-mass neutron star binaries depending on screening radius versus wavelength, with a dipole re-emerging linearly with mass asymmetry.
Unified post-Newtonian analysis reveals that Palatini scalar-tensor theories often face weaker Solar System bounds than metric versions due to stronger Yukawa suppression, with Palatini f(R) reproducing GR limits for point sources unlike metric f(R).
Leading-order cubic-curvature corrections to scalar quasinormal modes of black holes with spins up to 0.99M are computed numerically for modes up to l=5 with relative errors below 10^{-4}.
KiDS-Legacy weak lensing plus CMB data yields a 3 sigma deviation in light deflection from GR in a Lambda CDM background, with the signal driven by large-scale CMB lensing amplitudes.
Quadratic gravity with Weyl-squared and Ricci-squared terms produces PPN parameters that equal their GR values except for exponentially decaying corrections, with gamma identically 1 when the two mode masses are equal, yielding solar-system lower bounds m_R, m_W greater than or equal to 23 per AU.
Born-Infeld electrogravity yields a fundamental extremal dyonic black hole in the small-charge limit whose mass and horizon area depend only on the Born-Infeld constant, Newton’s constant, and the speed of light.
citing papers explorer
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Black hole mergers beyond general relativity: a self-force approach
Self-force theory is extended to compute merger and ringdown waveforms in beyond-GR black hole binaries under the extreme mass-ratio approximation, with first calculations of self-force corrections to the merger waveform.
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Born-Infeld Electrogravity and Dyonic Black Holes
Born-Infeld electrogravity yields a fundamental extremal dyonic black hole in the small-charge limit whose mass and horizon area depend only on the Born-Infeld constant, Newton’s constant, and the speed of light.
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Black Hole Spectroscopy and Tests of General Relativity with GW250114
GW250114 data confirm the remnant is consistent with a Kerr black hole and bound the dominant quadrupolar mode frequency to within a few percent of the GR prediction, with constraints tighter than prior multi-event catalogs.
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Revisiting black holes and their thermodynamics in Einstein-Kalb-Ramond gravity
Exact black hole solutions with topological horizons are found in EKR gravity and their thermodynamics are analyzed using the Wald formalism for mass and entropy.
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Imaging and Polarimetric Signatures of Konoplya-Zhidenko Black Holes with Various Thick Disk
Horizon-scale synchrotron images and polarization maps of Konoplya-Zhidenko black holes with thick disks show expanded photon rings, darker centers, and viewing-angle-dependent asymmetries that vary with the deformation parameter.
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Neural Post-Einsteinian Test of General Relativity with the Third Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog
Neural post-Einsteinian analysis of GWTC-3 finds no GR violation and sets constraints covering both post-Newtonian and beyond-post-Newtonian deviations in a single theory-agnostic setup.
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GW250114: testing Hawking's area law and the Kerr nature of black holes
GW250114 data confirm the remnant black hole ringdown frequencies lie within 30% of Kerr predictions and that the final horizon area is larger than the sum of the progenitors' areas to high credibility.
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Probing modified gravitational-wave dispersion with bursts from eccentric black-hole binaries
Applies parameterized dispersion to eccentric BBH burst waveforms, deriving a 2.5PN time-delay correction and Bessel amplitude modulation, then uses Fisher matrix to project LIGO constraints that are stronger than current bounds for Hořava-Lifschitz and extra-dimension models.
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Echoes and quasinormal modes of asymmetric black bounces
Computes quasinormal modes and echoes for black bounce solutions, finding echoes only in certain symmetric horizonless cases and none in asymmetric models that recover Reissner-Nordström externally.
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Investigating the interplay of the braneworld gravity and the plasma environment on the black hole shadow
Negative tidal charge enlarges the shadow of rotating braneworld black holes while inhomogeneous plasma shrinks it and homogeneous plasma enlarges it; EHT data limits q to roughly -1.15 to 0.45 for M87* in the low-density limit.
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Redshifted civilizations, galactic empires, and the Fermi paradox
Civilizations can achieve galaxy-spanning reach within biological lifetimes via time-dilated orbits near black hole photon spheres using classical general relativity, with a Type II civilization enabling 10^4 dilation factors.
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Lectures on the Bondi--Metzner--Sachs group and related topics in infrared physics
Lecture notes that build the BMS group from prerequisites to applications in soft theorems, memory effects, and new material on asymptotic conformal Killing horizons.
- Gravitational radiations from periodic orbits around a black hole in the effective field theory extension of general relativity