Self-consistent spherical accretion simulations show cooling-enhanced growth of PBHs with radiative efficiency ~10^{-2} in the bremsstrahlung regime, yielding a critical seed mass of ~10^{-16} M_sun to consume a solar-mass star in a Hubble time.
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Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter: Recent Developments
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Although the dark matter is usually assumed to be some form of elementary particle, primordial black holes (PBHs) could also provide some of it. However, various constraints restrict the possible mass windows to $10^{16}$ - $10^{17}\,$g, $10^{20}$ - $10^{24}\,$g and $10$ - $10^{3}\,M_{\odot}$. The last possibility is contentious but of special interest in view of the recent detection of black-hole mergers by LIGO/Virgo. PBHs might have important consequences and resolve various cosmological conundra even if they have only a small fraction of the dark-matter density. In particular, those larger than $10^{3}\,M_{\odot}$ could generate cosmological structures through the seed or Poisson effect, thereby alleviating some problems associated with the standard cold dark-matter scenario, and sufficiently large PBHs might provide seeds for the supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei. More exotically, the Planck-mass relics of PBH evaporations or stupendously large black holes bigger than $10^{12}\,M_{\odot}$ could provide an interesting dark component.
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Non-singular gravity with regulator ℓ induces a PBH mass gap ~c²ℓ/G and a stronger Carr criterion δ_H > 2GM_gap/R_H - 1 when R_H ~ ℓ.
Accounting for the minimal mass spread of primordial black holes from gravitational collapse suppresses the Poltergeist GW background to the level of generic scalar-induced signals and reopens ultra-light PBH parameter space.
A semiclassical tunneling model shows that two-field ultralight DM halos have stability bounds that can be relaxed for some density-mass ratios but become more stringent across much of the parameter space compared to single-field cases.
No three-body encounter signatures detected in GW170817, GW190814, and GW230627_015337, constraining intermediate-mass black holes above 100 solar masses within roughly 0.1 AU of these binaries.
In the ADD extra-dimension model, microscopic primordial black holes undergo runaway accretion and grow to macroscopic scales, allowing them to comprise all dark matter with initial abundances as low as 10^{-44}.
Stupendously large black holes cast shadows on the CMB that rule out masses above 10^17 solar masses within the last scattering surface and limit their density parameter to below 10^-5 for masses 10^15 to 10^18 solar masses.
Exact non-singular black holes from the phantom DBI field evaporate to gram-mass relics, opening a new mass window for primordial black holes as dark matter.
Periodic warm inflation imprints one log-periodic feature on the curvature spectrum that saturates asteroid-mass PBHs, generates dual-band GW backgrounds, and offsets the bispectrum phase by a quarter cycle fixed by spectral running.
A new eigenvalue method is introduced to compute the PDF of stochastic e-folds in inflation, recovering a known flat-potential result and analyzing constant-drift cases in narrow and broad well limits.
Derives stochastic equations from Schwinger-Keldysh formalism that include quantum diffusion and classical metric perturbations for non-perturbative ultra-slow-roll inflation, validated on Starobinsky and critical Higgs models.
Primordial black holes generate up to 30% amplitude VAO wiggles in 21 cm signals from the Dark Ages at redshifts 20-40 even at dark matter fractions as low as 10^-13.
Five-dimensional rotating primordial black holes with initial masses above 10^10 grams survive to today and can account for all dark matter due to suppressed Hawking radiation and memory burden effects in the micron-scale dark dimension.
Derives gamma-ray upper limits on memory-burdened PBH dark matter abundance using graviton-photon conversion during recombination and merger-induced semiclassical evaporation, excluding mass windows 7.5e5-4.4e7 g and below 2.2e11 g under stated assumptions.
Future high-frequency-sensitive GW detectors can distinguish binary neutron star from low-mass black hole mergers in late phases, enabling separation of merger rates and constraints on heavy non-annihilating dark matter via transmuted black holes.
Extends diagrammatic approach for scalar-induced gravitational waves to arbitrary-order local PNG, deriving semi-analytic spectra for energy density, anisotropies, bispectrum and trispectrum up to quartic terms.
A non-minimally coupled vector field reproduces Einstein cluster dynamics that account for flat galactic rotation curves.
PBH masses near 10^3 kg allow Hawking evaporation to reheat the universe while Planckian remnants comprise all present-day DM without fine-tuning initial abundance, yielding testable GW signals.
Calculations indicate AMEGO-X could detect PBH transits within 0.1 AU while HAWC and LHAASO could observe explosions out to 0.1-0.5 pc, with future events at ~1000 AU potentially producing measurable electromagnetic signals unlike the 2023 KM3NeT neutrino candidate.
In excursion set theory with colored noises, the low-mass tail of the PBH mass function differs from Carr's formula because correlated noises end the degeneracy of formation probabilities, though Carr's formula remains practical near the characteristic mass for smooth Fourier-space window functions.
Inflaton accretion during reheating drives non-linear PBH mass growth that extends lifetimes and amplifies emitted SGWB by multiple orders of magnitude.
Combining regular black hole metrics with memory burden suppresses evaporation and opens a 10^6-10^8 g PBH mass window that can comprise all dark matter.
Ward identities from large gauge symmetry impose model-independent constraints on renormalizing inflationary loops and non-perturbatively govern the infrared power spectrum evolution.
Slow reheating after a supercooled first-order phase transition allows an early matter-dominated era in which small curvature perturbations grow sufficiently to form primordial black holes.
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Gravitational Waves from Black Hole Reheating: The Scalar-Induced Component
Accounting for the minimal mass spread of primordial black holes from gravitational collapse suppresses the Poltergeist GW background to the level of generic scalar-induced signals and reopens ultra-light PBH parameter space.
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Tunneling and tidal stripping in multifield ultralight dark matter halos
A semiclassical tunneling model shows that two-field ultralight DM halos have stability bounds that can be relaxed for some density-mass ratios but become more stringent across much of the parameter space compared to single-field cases.
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Constraining memory-burdened primordial black holes with graviton-photon conversion and binary mergers
Derives gamma-ray upper limits on memory-burdened PBH dark matter abundance using graviton-photon conversion during recombination and merger-induced semiclassical evaporation, excluding mass windows 7.5e5-4.4e7 g and below 2.2e11 g under stated assumptions.
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Distinguishing Neutron Star vs. Low-Mass Black Hole Binaries with Late Inspiral & Postmerger Gravitational Waves $-$ Sensitivity to Transmuted Black Holes and Non-Annihilating Dark Matter
Future high-frequency-sensitive GW detectors can distinguish binary neutron star from low-mass black hole mergers in late phases, enabling separation of merger rates and constraints on heavy non-annihilating dark matter via transmuted black holes.
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Electromagnetic Signatures From Primordial Black Holes in the Solar System
Calculations indicate AMEGO-X could detect PBH transits within 0.1 AU while HAWC and LHAASO could observe explosions out to 0.1-0.5 pc, with future events at ~1000 AU potentially producing measurable electromagnetic signals unlike the 2023 KM3NeT neutrino candidate.
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Reviving primordial black hole formation in slow first-order phase transitions
Slow reheating after a supercooled first-order phase transition allows an early matter-dominated era in which small curvature perturbations grow sufficiently to form primordial black holes.
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The Intrinsic and Extrinsic Hierarchy Problems
The Hierarchy Problem splits into Intrinsic (RG-induced cutoff sensitivity) and Extrinsic (UV augmentation making IR theory appear finetuned) versions, with the latter formalized as a paradox whose solutions are classified by premise violations.