A covariant framework is developed for photon surfaces in dynamical spherical spacetimes, recovering static limits and applied to collapse and accretion/evaporation models.
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Geodesic stability, Lyapunov exponents and quasinormal modes
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abstract
Geodesic motion determines important features of spacetimes. Null unstable geodesics are closely related to the appearance of compact objects to external observers and have been associated with the characteristic modes of black holes. By computing the Lyapunov exponent, which is the inverse of the instability timescale associated with this geodesic motion, we show that, in the eikonal limit, quasinormal modes of black holes in any dimensions are determined by the parameters of the circular null geodesics. This result is independent of the field equations and only assumes a stationary, spherically symmetric and asymptotically flat line element, but it does not seem to be easily extendable to anti-de Sitter spacetimes. We further show that (i) in spacetime dimensions greater than four, equatorial circular timelike geodesics in a Myers-Perry black hole background are unstable, and (ii) the instability timescale of equatorial null geodesics in Myers-Perry spacetimes has a local minimum for spacetimes of dimension d > 5.
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representative citing papers
Derives a factorized leading term for the strong deflection angle near degenerate photon spheres using local expansion of the effective potential and Weyl tensor measures.
In dRGT massive gravity, static spherically symmetric black holes exhibit zero, one, or two photon spheres whose topological charges and stability patterns differ from Einstein gravity and from horizonless compact objects.
Gravitational electric-magnetic duality at the light ring organizes and preserves quasinormal mode isospectrality in GR and selects duality-invariant higher-derivative corrections in effective field theories.
An MST-type analytic solution for the reduced confluent Heun equation of 5d Schwarzschild-Tangherlini scalar perturbations is constructed and its angular-momentum parameter matches the Seiberg-Witten value.
Presents classical GR solutions for black holes enveloped by ultra-relativistic orbiting particle shells that extend the photon sphere to arbitrary depth while remaining optically indistinguishable from standard black holes.
Constructs charged distorted black hole metric via Harrison transformation and analyzes thermodynamics, geodesics, shadow, and quasinormal modes.
A perturbative framework for black holes in anisotropic matter shows quasinormal modes dominated by gravitational redshift while tidal Love numbers exhibit order-unity deviations including vanishing and negative values.
Photon rings around black holes saturate the quantum chaos bound via Lyapunov exponents of null geodesics and OTOCs in the near-ring region.
Head-on black-hole mergers next to a companion show Doppler- and redshift-shifted ringdown, lensing magnification behind the lens, and delayed echo images, with only tentative signs of resonant mode excitation.
Eikonal quasinormal modes for accelerating black holes are determined by the angular velocity and Lyapunov exponent of null geodesics, yielding universal greybody factors for any spin and explicit shadow radii that reduce to the Reissner-Nordström case when acceleration vanishes.
Ringdown frequency and damping shifts of Schwarzschild/Kerr black holes are expressed through the density and anisotropic pressures of the surrounding matter, giving a perturbative map from hairy-black-hole models to quasinormal-mode deviations.
Regular black holes with scalar hair exhibit anomalous decay rates for massive scalar perturbations, with longest-lived modes switching to lower angular momentum above a critical mass.
Quasinormal modes correspond well to grey-body factors for vector and tensor perturbations of Schwarzschild-Tangherlini black holes in all dimensions, but fail for scalar l=2 modes in D≥7 because of multiple potential barriers.
Time-reversed Shannon entropy distinguishes chaotic from regular orbits in Kerr and Schwarzschild-Melvin spacetimes by quantifying forward-backward asymmetry in probability distributions.
Upper bound r_γ ≤ [(n-1)M]^{1/(n-3)} and lower bound r_γ ≥ ((n-1)/2)^{1/(n-3)} r_H on the photon sphere for nD black holes with anisotropic matter obeying the weak energy condition and non-positive trace.
GR coupled to a constrained scalar triplet and auxiliary three-form admits an exact continuous family of asymptotically flat geometrically regular black holes with de Sitter cores and topological hair.
A necessary and sufficient condition for thermodynamic mimicry of Schwarzschild black holes is satisfied by a one-parameter family of self-similar systems including hillingar black holes, stiffest stars, and frozen stars, derived from photon-sphere control of junction conditions and the TOV equation
For n-dimensional Einstein-gravity black holes with matter satisfying the weak and strong energy conditions, the shadow radius is bounded below by a function of the horizon radius and above by a function of the ADM mass, both saturated by the vacuum solution.
Computes quasinormal modes via 13th-order WKB with Padé, greybody factors by numerical integration, and Hawking/neutrino spectra for Euler-Heisenberg plus perfect fluid dark matter black holes, finding PFDM increases damping and suppresses transmission while EH effects are weaker.
Derives circularity and marginal stability conditions for charged particles in weakly magnetized Taub-NUT spacetime and finds that magnetic field strength monotonically decreases the ISCO radius with charge-dependent branch ordering.
Numerical simulations benchmark the eikonal and post-Kerr approximations for quasinormal modes in deformed Kerr spacetimes, quantifying their errors relative to expected observational precision.
Regular black holes with phantom scalar hair are constrained by Solar System and EHT observations, with exact relations linking photon sphere Lyapunov exponent to shadow size and impact parameter.
Nonlocal black holes remain consistent with general relativity at the 1.13-sigma level after joint lensing and quasinormal-mode constraints.
citing papers explorer
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Photon spheres in dynamical space-times
A covariant framework is developed for photon surfaces in dynamical spherical spacetimes, recovering static limits and applied to collapse and accretion/evaporation models.
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Strong-deflection expansion of the deflection angle near a degenerate photon sphere
Derives a factorized leading term for the strong deflection angle near degenerate photon spheres using local expansion of the effective potential and Weyl tensor measures.
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Topological charge and black hole photon spheres in massive gravity
In dRGT massive gravity, static spherically symmetric black holes exhibit zero, one, or two photon spheres whose topological charges and stability patterns differ from Einstein gravity and from horizonless compact objects.
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Gravitational electric-magnetic duality at the light ring and quasinormal mode isospectrality in effective field theories
Gravitational electric-magnetic duality at the light ring organizes and preserves quasinormal mode isospectrality in GR and selects duality-invariant higher-derivative corrections in effective field theories.
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5d Schwarzschild-Tangherlini spacetime: MST-like formalism for a Reduced Confluent Heun Equation
An MST-type analytic solution for the reduced confluent Heun equation of 5d Schwarzschild-Tangherlini scalar perturbations is constructed and its angular-momentum parameter matches the Seiberg-Witten value.
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On Black Holes Surrounded by Radiation: I. Classical Considerations
Presents classical GR solutions for black holes enveloped by ultra-relativistic orbiting particle shells that extend the photon sphere to arbitrary depth while remaining optically indistinguishable from standard black holes.
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Electrically Charged Distorted Black Holes: Thermodynamics, Particle Dynamics, and Quasinormal Signatures
Constructs charged distorted black hole metric via Harrison transformation and analyzes thermodynamics, geodesics, shadow, and quasinormal modes.
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Quasinormal modes and tidal responses of black holes in generic anisotropic matter environments
A perturbative framework for black holes in anisotropic matter shows quasinormal modes dominated by gravitational redshift while tidal Love numbers exhibit order-unity deviations including vanishing and negative values.
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Black Hole Photon Rings Saturate the Quantum Chaos Bound
Photon rings around black holes saturate the quantum chaos bound via Lyapunov exponents of null geodesics and OTOCs in the near-ring region.
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Ringdown and lensing of triple systems
Head-on black-hole mergers next to a companion show Doppler- and redshift-shifted ringdown, lensing magnification behind the lens, and delayed echo images, with only tentative signs of resonant mode excitation.
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Eikonal quasinormal modes, greybody factors and shadow of charged accelerating black holes
Eikonal quasinormal modes for accelerating black holes are determined by the angular velocity and Lyapunov exponent of null geodesics, yielding universal greybody factors for any spin and explicit shadow radii that reduce to the Reissner-Nordström case when acceleration vanishes.
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Ringdown waves from hairy black holes
Ringdown frequency and damping shifts of Schwarzschild/Kerr black holes are expressed through the density and anisotropic pressures of the surrounding matter, giving a perturbative map from hairy-black-hole models to quasinormal-mode deviations.
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Anomalous Decay Rate and Greybody Factors for Regular Black Holes with Scalar Hair
Regular black holes with scalar hair exhibit anomalous decay rates for massive scalar perturbations, with longest-lived modes switching to lower angular momentum above a critical mass.
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Correspondence between quasinormal modes and grey-body factors of Schwarzschild--Tangherlini black holes
Quasinormal modes correspond well to grey-body factors for vector and tensor perturbations of Schwarzschild-Tangherlini black holes in all dimensions, but fail for scalar l=2 modes in D≥7 because of multiple potential barriers.
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Time-reversed Shannon entropy as a chaos indicator for non-integrable systems
Time-reversed Shannon entropy distinguishes chaotic from regular orbits in Kerr and Schwarzschild-Melvin spacetimes by quantifying forward-backward asymmetry in probability distributions.
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Bounds on the photon sphere radius for spherically symmetric black holes in n-dimensional Einstein gravity
Upper bound r_γ ≤ [(n-1)M]^{1/(n-3)} and lower bound r_γ ≥ ((n-1)/2)^{1/(n-3)} r_H on the photon sphere for nD black holes with anisotropic matter obeying the weak energy condition and non-positive trace.
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Geometrically Regular Black Holes with Hedgehog Scalar Hair
GR coupled to a constrained scalar triplet and auxiliary three-form admits an exact continuous family of asymptotically flat geometrically regular black holes with de Sitter cores and topological hair.
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As Cold as a Black Hole: Extended Photon Spheres
A necessary and sufficient condition for thermodynamic mimicry of Schwarzschild black holes is satisfied by a one-parameter family of self-similar systems including hillingar black holes, stiffest stars, and frozen stars, derived from photon-sphere control of junction conditions and the TOV equation
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Bounds on the radius of outermost photon sphere and black hole shadow in $n$-dimensional Einstein gravity
For n-dimensional Einstein-gravity black holes with matter satisfying the weak and strong energy conditions, the shadow radius is bounded below by a function of the horizon radius and above by a function of the ADM mass, both saturated by the vacuum solution.
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Scattering, Hawking Radiation and Neutrino Energy Deposition in Euler-Heisenberg Black Holes Surrounded by Perfect Fluid Dark Matter
Computes quasinormal modes via 13th-order WKB with Padé, greybody factors by numerical integration, and Hawking/neutrino spectra for Euler-Heisenberg plus perfect fluid dark matter black holes, finding PFDM increases damping and suppresses transmission while EH effects are weaker.
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Equatorial Circular Motion of Charged Test Particles in a Weakly Magnetized Taub--NUT Background
Derives circularity and marginal stability conditions for charged particles in weakly magnetized Taub-NUT spacetime and finds that magnetic field strength monotonically decreases the ISCO radius with charge-dependent branch ordering.
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Confronting eikonal and post-Kerr methods with numerical evolution of scalar field perturbations in spacetimes beyond Kerr
Numerical simulations benchmark the eikonal and post-Kerr approximations for quasinormal modes in deformed Kerr spacetimes, quantifying their errors relative to expected observational precision.
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Observational Tests of Regular Black Holes with Scalar Hair and their Stability
Regular black holes with phantom scalar hair are constrained by Solar System and EHT observations, with exact relations linking photon sphere Lyapunov exponent to shadow size and impact parameter.
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Observational constraints on nonlocal black holes via gravitational lensing
Nonlocal black holes remain consistent with general relativity at the 1.13-sigma level after joint lensing and quasinormal-mode constraints.
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Black Hole-Boson Star Binaries: Gravitational Wave Signals and Tidal Disruption
Numerical simulations of black hole-boson star binaries show that scalar self-interactions can suppress tidal disruption while radiative efficiency depends on the chosen potential.
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Scalar and Electromagnetic Perturbations around a Black Hole with a Topological Defect: Quasinormal Modes and Quasi-bound States in a Plasma Medium
Plasma and topological defect k suppress scalar QNM frequencies and allow axial EM quasi-bound states only for homogeneous plasma below a k- and l-dependent critical frequency.
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Wave and particle probes of a regular T-duality-inspired black hole with gravitational self-energy
Increasing zero-point length makes photon and ISCO orbits more compact in ADM units while heavier scalars raise oscillation frequency and suppress damping on this regular self-energy black hole.
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Chaotic behaviors of particles around the black hole with an anisotropic matter immersed in a magnetic field
Exact black hole solution with anisotropic matter and magnetic field shows the matter parameter reduces local chaos (Lyapunov exponent) while the magnetic field drives qualitative shifts in global chaos (Poincaré sections).
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Photon Sphere and Shadow of a Perturbative Black Hole in $f(R,\mathcal{G})$ Gravity
Perturbative f(R,G) corrections shift the photon-sphere radius and shadow size, with the Gauss-Bonnet term dominating over mixed curvature contributions.
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Redshifted civilizations, galactic empires, and the Fermi paradox
Civilizations can achieve galaxy-spanning reach within biological lifetimes via time-dilated orbits near black hole photon spheres using classical general relativity, with a Type II civilization enabling 10^4 dilation factors.
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Search for growing angular modes in ultracompact boson star evolutions
The paper decomposes simulation data of ultracompact boson stars into spherical harmonics as a first step toward characterizing non-spherical modes.
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A Note on Chaos in Hayward Black Holes with String Fluids
Melnikov analysis shows charge is essential for chaos under temporal perturbations in Hayward black holes with string fluids while spatial perturbations always produce chaos, with Lyapunov exponents modulated by string density and regularization.
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Black Hole Thermodynamics via Tsallis Statistical Mechanics and Phase Transitions Probed by Optical Characteristics
Tsallis statistics applied to Reissner-Nordström black holes yields a generalized entropy leading to Van der Waals-like phase transitions whose critical behavior is reflected in photon-sphere observables.
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Scalar-Electromagnetic Couplings as Source of Deformed Black Hole: From Shadows to Thermodynamic Topology
A scalar-NED coupled black hole metric is reconstructed from an effective geometry, yielding EHT bounds on magnetic charge, Hawking-Page transition, and topological equivalence to the Reissner-Nordström solution.
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Photon Propagation and Black Hole Imaging in Kruglov Nonlinear Electrodynamics
In Kruglov NED, small positive q can create stable photon orbits and reshape black-hole shadows and accretion images even when the metric stays close to Reissner–Nordström.
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A First-Order Eikonal Framework for Quasinormal Modes, Shadows, Strong Lensing, and Grey-Body Factors in a Scalarized Black-Hole Metric
First-order eikonal formulas connect a scalarized black-hole metric to quasinormal modes, shadows, strong lensing, and grey-body factors via photon-sphere invariants in the weak-hair limit.
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Thermodynamics and orbital structure of anti-de Sitter black holes in Palatini-inspired nonlinear electrodynamics
An exact AdS extension of the PINLED black hole is derived from the Einstein-Hilbert action plus nonlinear EM sector, preserving the original parametric form while adding the standard AdS lapse term, followed by full thermodynamic and geodesic analysis.
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Testing the nature of dark compact objects: a status report
Current and future observations can test whether dark compact objects are Kerr black holes or exotic alternatives, with null results strengthening the black hole paradigm.
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Quasinormal modes of black holes and black branes
Quasinormal modes are eigenmodes of dissipative gravitational systems whose spectra encode near-equilibrium transport coefficients in dual quantum field theories and enable tests of general relativity through gravitational wave observations.
- Perturbations in the parametrized wormhole spacetime and their related quasinormal modes
- Black hole spectroscopy: from theory to experiment