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arxiv: 2411.12022 · v2 · submitted 2024-11-18 · 🌌 astro-ph.CO

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DESI 2024 VII: Cosmological Constraints from the Full-Shape Modeling of Clustering Measurements

DESI Collaboration: A. G. Adame , J. Aguilar , S. Ahlen , S. Alam , D. M. Alexander , C. Allende Prieto , M. Alvarez , O. Alves
show 204 more authors
A. Anand U. Andrade E. Armengaud S. Avila A. Aviles H. Awan B. Bahr-Kalus S. Bailey C. Baltay A. Bault J. Behera S. BenZvi F. Beutler D. Bianchi C. Blake R. Blum M. Bonici S. Brieden A. Brodzeller D. Brooks E. Buckley-Geer E. Burtin R. Calderon R. Canning A. Carnero Rosell R. Cereskaite J. L. Cervantes-Cota S. Chabanier E. Chaussidon J. Chaves-Montero D. Chebat S. Chen X. Chen T. Claybaugh S. Cole A. Cuceu T. M. Davis K. Dawson A. de la Macorra A. de Mattia N. Deiosso A. Dey B. Dey Z. Ding P. Doel J. Edelstein S. Eftekharzadeh D. J. Eisenstein W. Elbers A. Elliott P. Fagrelius K. Fanning S. Ferraro J. Ereza N. Findlay B. Flaugher A. Font-Ribera D. Forero-S\'anchez J. E. Forero-Romero C. S. Frenk C. Garcia-Quintero L. H. Garrison E. Gazta\~naga H. Gil-Mar\'in S. Gontcho A Gontcho A. X. Gonzalez-Morales V. Gonzalez-Perez C. Gordon D. Green D. Gruen R. Gsponer G. Gutierrez J. Guy B. Hadzhiyska C. Hahn M. M. S Hanif H. K. Herrera-Alcantar K. Honscheid C. Howlett D. Huterer V. Ir\v{s}i\v{c} M. Ishak R. Joyce S. Juneau N. G. Kara\c{c}ayl{\i} R. Kehoe S. Kent D. Kirkby H. Kong S. E. Koposov A. Kremin A. Krolewski O. Lahav Y. Lai T.-W. Lan M. Landriau D. Lang J. Lasker J.M. Le Goff L. Le Guillou A. Leauthaud M. E. Levi T. S. Li K. Lodha C. Magneville M. Manera D. Margala P. Martini W. Matthewson M. Maus P. McDonald L. Medina-Varela A. Meisner J. Mena-Fern\'andez R. Miquel J. Moon S. Moore J. Moustakas N. Mudur E. Mueller A. Mu\~noz-Guti\'errez A. D. Myers S. Nadathur L. Napolitano R. Neveux J. A. Newman N. M. Nguyen J. Nie G. Niz H. E. Noriega N. Padmanabhan E. Paillas N. Palanque-Delabrouille J. Pan S. Penmetsa W. J. Percival M. M. Pieri M. Pinon C. Poppett A. Porredon F. Prada A. P\'erez-Fern\'andez I. P\'erez-R\`afols D. Rabinowitz A. Raichoor C. Ram\'irez-P\'erez S. Ramirez-Solano M. Rashkovetskyi C. Ravoux M. Rezaie J. Rich A. Rocher C. Rockosi N.A. Roe A. Rosado-Marin A. J. Ross G. Rossi R. Ruggeri V. Ruhlmann-Kleider L. Samushia E. Sanchez C. Saulder E. F. Schlafly D. Schlegel M. Schubnell H. Seo A. Shafieloo R. Sharples J. Silber A. Slosar A. Smith D. Sprayberry T. Tan G. Tarl\'e P. Taylor S. Trusov R. Vaisakh D. Valcin F. Valdes G. Valogiannis M. Vargas-Maga\~na L. Verde M. Walther B. Wang M. S. Wang B. A. Weaver N. Weaverdyck R. H. Wechsler D. H. Weinberg M. White M. J. Wilson L. Yi J. Yu Y. Yu S. Yuan C. Y\`eche E. A. Zaborowski P. Zarrouk H. Zhang C. Zhao R. Zhao R. Zhou T. Zhuang H. Zou
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Pith reviewed 2026-05-15 21:32 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🌌 astro-ph.CO
keywords DESIgalaxy clusteringpower spectrumcosmological parametersLambda CDMdark energymodified gravityneutrino mass
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The pith

DESI full-shape clustering data gives matter density 0.296 and fluctuation amplitude 0.842 in flat Lambda CDM with BBN and spectral index priors.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper extracts cosmological parameters by modeling the full power spectrum shape from galaxy, quasar, and Lyman-alpha forest tracers observed in the first year of DESI data. In the standard flat model with a cosmological constant, the measurements combined with a baryon density prior from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and a mild prior on the scalar spectral index fix the matter density fraction at 0.2962 plus or minus 0.0095 and the amplitude of mass fluctuations at 0.842 plus or minus 0.034. Adding cosmic microwave background observations tightens those numbers to 0.3056 plus or minus 0.0049 and 0.8121 plus or minus 0.0053, while further inclusion of Dark Energy Survey Year-3 clustering and lensing data produces a 0.4 percent measurement of the Hubble constant at 68.40 plus or minus 0.27 kilometers per second per megaparsec. The same dataset continues to favor a dark energy equation of state that evolves away from a cosmological constant and places an upper limit of 0.071 electronvolts on the sum of neutrino masses when paired with the microwave background. Modified-gravity parameters remain consistent with general relativity once lensing information is added.

Core claim

In the flat Lambda CDM model, DESI full-shape plus baryon acoustic oscillation measurements combined with a Big Bang Nucleosynthesis baryon density prior and a weak scalar spectral index prior determine the matter density to Omega_m equals 0.2962 plus or minus 0.0095 and the fluctuation amplitude to sigma_8 equals 0.842 plus or minus 0.034. Adding cosmic microwave background data tightens the constraints to Omega_m equals 0.3056 plus or minus 0.0049 and sigma_8 equals 0.8121 plus or minus 0.0053. Further addition of Dark Energy Survey Year-3 clustering and lensing data yields a Hubble constant of 68.40 plus or minus 0.27 kilometers per second per megaparsec. In models with time-varying dark

What carries the argument

Full-shape modeling of the power spectrum that includes redshift-space distortions and has been validated in supporting papers.

If this is right

  • The reported Omega_m and sigma_8 values are somewhat higher than the corresponding cosmic microwave background inferences, providing an independent cross-check on the standard model.
  • DESI plus cosmic microwave background data set an upper bound of 0.071 electronvolts on the neutrino mass sum at 95 percent .
  • Modified gravity parameters mu_0 and Sigma_0 remain consistent with general relativity when lensing data are included.
  • The mild preference for an evolving dark energy equation of state with w_0 greater than minus 1 and w_a less than 0 seen in baryon acoustic oscillation data persists at similar significance when full-shape information is added.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Future releases of DESI data could shrink the error bars enough to test whether the current mild offset in Omega_m from cosmic microwave background results grows or disappears.
  • The ability of large-scale structure measurements to constrain both expansion history and growth of structure separately may help isolate the source of any remaining tensions between early- and late-universe probes.
  • If the modeling pipeline remains robust, repeated full-shape analyses on larger volumes could become a primary route for measuring the growth rate independent of distance-ladder methods.

Load-bearing premise

The full-shape power spectrum modeling, including redshift-space distortion treatment and systematic corrections, accurately represents the data without introducing unaccounted bias.

What would settle it

An independent re-analysis of the identical DESI first-year clustering catalogs that returns a matter density value lying outside the reported 0.2962 plus or minus 0.0095 interval would falsify the central parameter constraints.

read the original abstract

We present cosmological results from the measurement of clustering of galaxy, quasar and Lyman-$\alpha$ forest tracers from the first year of observations with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI Data Release 1). We adopt the full-shape (FS) modeling of the power spectrum, including the effects of redshift-space distortions, in an analysis which has been validated in a series of supporting papers. In the flat $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model, DESI (FS+BAO), combined with a baryon density prior from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and a weak prior on the scalar spectral index, determines matter density to $\Omega_\mathrm{m}=0.2962\pm 0.0095$, and the amplitude of mass fluctuations to $\sigma_8=0.842\pm 0.034$. The addition of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) data tightens these constraints to $\Omega_\mathrm{m}=0.3056\pm 0.0049$ and $\sigma_8=0.8121\pm 0.0053$, while further addition of the the joint clustering and lensing analysis from the Dark Energy Survey Year-3 (DESY3) data leads to a 0.4% determination of the Hubble constant, $H_0 = (68.40\pm 0.27)\,{\rm km\,s^{-1}\,Mpc^{-1}}$. In models with a time-varying dark energy equation of state, combinations of DESI (FS+BAO) with CMB and type Ia supernovae continue to show the preference, previously found in the DESI DR1 BAO analysis, for $w_0>-1$ and $w_a<0$ with similar levels of significance. DESI data, in combination with the CMB, impose the upper limits on the sum of the neutrino masses of $\sum m_\nu < 0.071\,{\rm eV}$ at 95% confidence. DESI data alone measure the modified-gravity parameter that controls the clustering of massive particles, $\mu_0=0.11^{+0.45}_{-0.54}$, while the combination of DESI with the CMB and the clustering and lensing analysis from DESY3 constrains both modified-gravity parameters, giving $\mu_0 = 0.04\pm 0.22$ and $\Sigma_0 = 0.044\pm 0.047$, in agreement with general relativity. [Abridged.]

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

0 major / 2 minor

Summary. The paper presents cosmological constraints from full-shape modeling of the galaxy, quasar, and Lyman-α forest power spectra measured in DESI Data Release 1. In flat ΛCDM, DESI (FS+BAO) with a BBN baryon-density prior and weak n_s prior yields Ω_m = 0.2962 ± 0.0095 and σ_8 = 0.842 ± 0.034; combinations with CMB tighten these values, and further inclusion of DES Y3 clustering+lensing data produces H_0 = 68.40 ± 0.27 km s^{-1} Mpc^{-1}. The analysis also reports constraints on w_0–w_a, ∑m_ν, and modified-gravity parameters μ_0, Σ_0, finding consistency with ΛCDM and general relativity.

Significance. If the modeling pipeline holds, the results supply the first full-shape cosmological constraints from DESI DR1 and demonstrate internal consistency across multiple tracer combinations and external datasets. The work strengthens the case for DESI as a precision probe by delivering competitive standalone and joint limits on dark-energy and gravity extensions while referencing validation in supporting papers.

minor comments (2)
  1. The abstract packs multiple model extensions into a single paragraph; separating the ΛCDM, w_0–w_a, neutrino, and modified-gravity results into distinct sentences would improve readability without lengthening the text.
  2. The manuscript references the full-shape validation pipeline in supporting papers; a concise one-paragraph summary of the key validation tests (e.g., mock recovery of input cosmology and nuisance-parameter marginalization) placed in §2 or §3 would make the present paper more self-contained for readers.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

0 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their positive assessment and recommendation to accept the manuscript. We appreciate the recognition that the DESI DR1 full-shape analysis provides competitive standalone and joint constraints while demonstrating internal consistency.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

Minor self-citation of validation papers; constraints from external DESI data fit

full rationale

The manuscript reports parameter constraints (Ω_m = 0.2962 ± 0.0095, σ_8 = 0.842 ± 0.034) obtained by fitting the observed DESI DR1 power spectra in flat ΛCDM. The central values and uncertainties are produced by the likelihood analysis of the external clustering measurements, not by any internal algebraic identity or redefinition of fitted quantities as predictions. The text cites supporting papers for pipeline validation and modeling choices, but these citations are not load-bearing for the quoted numbers; the data and model comparison supply independent content. No self-definitional equations, fitted-input-as-prediction steps, or uniqueness theorems imported from the same authors appear in the derivation chain.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

3 free parameters · 2 axioms · 0 invented entities

The reported constraints rest on the standard flat ΛCDM framework plus extensions, BBN baryon density prior, weak n_s prior, and the assumption that the full-shape modeling accurately captures all relevant physics and systematics. No new particles or forces are postulated.

free parameters (3)
  • Ω_m
    Fitted parameter whose value and uncertainty are the primary output of the analysis.
  • σ_8
    Fitted parameter whose value and uncertainty are the primary output of the analysis.
  • w_0, w_a
    Fitted parameters in the time-varying dark energy extension.
axioms (2)
  • domain assumption Flat geometry (Ω_k = 0) in the baseline ΛCDM model
    Stated in the abstract as the flat ΛCDM cosmological model.
  • domain assumption BBN prior on baryon density and weak prior on scalar spectral index
    Explicitly combined with DESI data to obtain the quoted constraints.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 6967 in / 1563 out tokens · 18927 ms · 2026-05-15T21:32:56.120973+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

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