Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-13T05:53:21.810346Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 4 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 100 of 214 outbound references and 85 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2211.09085.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-13T05:53:21.810346Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-03T16:56:19.712173Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: pith, observed 2026-07-10T06:15:00.866473Z
100 of 214 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation d3c09d9f-5d22-44b5-9c6d-c156f05037b2 · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Unresolved cited work
Reference 1
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Observation b91d8eaf-e50b-48eb-8f26-5403bc02b81d · outbound
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Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 906c002b-68e6-4776-911c-48ebe235030f · outbound
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Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 59790cd3-58ca-4d09-bb65-f7d5b2bdf64c · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Unresolved cited work
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science BERT : Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Liu , title =
Reference 6
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Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Unresolved cited work
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation a80f38ae-48ae-429d-8fba-e65e0926d47b · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale
Reference 9
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Observation 22db2550-9d1f-43c4-a8ae-b5ca5235315c · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Nature , title =
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 593a300f-ec38-4935-b497-14cdab929f80 · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Decision Transformer: Reinforcement Learning via Sequence Modeling
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation de0d3ea7-bcce-4e3f-84fa-e765473df9c3 · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Scaling Autoregressive Models for Content-Rich Text-to-Image Generation
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation f89287c7-824d-40a7-b916-58d09275a5f2 · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 558f711d-2ac9-44e6-ae45-049084f11080 · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Models
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 0947ee53-19d8-4448-b40a-2b3adefc358b · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 2019 , year=
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation fe5ee635-7a70-4ead-ae21-9b8ca413acdd · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathways
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation bbeefc63-e36f-48ea-b4c3-1006e4e32c07 · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasoners
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 054390a1-a335-4f6a-a111-fdab5b99c2c4 · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 088d001f-b535-4102-a070-ac335ce20e9c · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Fine-tuned Language Models are Continual Learners
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 290b4f31-4aa4-4c99-9be1-cc4a5ee9bfed · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Memory-Based Model Editing at Scale
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 9368b6ac-3933-443c-9da8-c65dd6459193 · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 11c6ec29-cb9c-4375-844c-d3995797c635 · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Improving language models by retrieving from trillions of tokens
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 1e139501-f06f-420d-a248-433114d8881c · outbound
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 8955eef9-56e8-49f0-96e3-008e2e507349 · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science 2019 , eprint=
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation fa9cfa80-cdca-47a5-b8a5-478875eb55de · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Chemformer: A Pre-Trained Transformer for Computational Chemistry , DOI=
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation dfda6413-2eb1-4b10-8733-005caced3de3 · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science ProGen2: Exploring the Boundaries of Protein Language Models
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation e8193820-53da-4a82-90e7-0a223aa92890 · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Masked Autoencoders Are Scalable Vision Learners
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 7050e425-542e-4092-b43c-f410db13d590 · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Nature , volume =
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 209c2c88-0a04-49fd-9d57-e6ebbc611280 · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science 2022 , doi =
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation c9d67503-cf1a-4df1-95c4-462192391825 · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Solving Quantitative Reasoning Problems with Language Models
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation f89f2df0-7eb4-4c6b-abc5-1087044e75b1 · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences , volume =
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation de47ee8e-ce51-4c32-ab1f-ed1cb36dde53 · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Scientific Reports , volume =
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation da4c1899-c2bd-4ebe-bd36-9f98209ba0cf · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Dimension Reduction
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 83e0a05e-0c9a-4701-8d6d-b3831dc0ef9c · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science MoleculeNet: A Benchmark for Molecular Machine Learning
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation c94d756c-2f6b-4b99-bae5-50df271b8c97 · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Unresolved cited work
Reference 50
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 14b2e081-cdc1-4ac9-bb87-b85ee5f855d0 · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Physical Review , author =
Reference 51
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation b13d2ca3-d9a0-4430-8c65-c86257d953cf · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science S.; Isayev, O.; Roitberg, A
Reference 52
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 71abbc9b-0c98-420f-9899-7d27a6098fb3 · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Kirkpatrick, B
Reference 53
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation dc891038-7212-4570-abbd-02701fe8baae · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Smith and Benjamin T
Reference 54
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation b67a2bfc-43ec-4b17-b4e4-c00c07a0b60f · outbound
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Reference 55
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation ad1d0d8e-3b19-4ea2-a31c-7af59bc82c83 · outbound
Reference 56
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation b83e4daa-f975-4dd2-9ef7-08207f99a101 · outbound
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Reference 57
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation f52fb16c-44d4-435a-a164-b71cc7ea902c · outbound
Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Unresolved cited work
Reference 58
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Unresolved cited work
Reference 59
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 6b16c302-04e1-4ed3-be98-c87bfa6328b4 · outbound
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Reference 60
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Reference 61
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Reference 63
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Reference 64
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Reference 65
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation a71b896e-5dd9-4d0b-b34b-ccd251fb1f66 · outbound
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Reference 66
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 6450e1d1-0763-48af-a09e-038cde800da4 · outbound
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Reference 67
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Reference 68
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Impact of Pretraining Term Frequencies on Few-Shot Reasoning
Reference 69
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Reference 70
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Gaussian Error Linear Units (GELUs)
Reference 71
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science Adaptive Computation Time for Recurrent Neural Networks
Reference 75
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Reference 78
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Reference 79
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Reference 81
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Reference 83
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Reference 84
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Reference 85
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation b96dfbe5-d12b-4f37-8859-23606bad108f · outbound
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Reference 87
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Reference 88
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Reference 89
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Reference 90
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Reference 91
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 700ce3e7-f4ef-4d6d-9088-e19b5893029a · outbound
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Reference 92
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Reference 95
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Reference 96
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Reference 97
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 81c0ff3f-125d-46a0-861a-946494458a01 · outbound
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Reference 98
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation cbc9ab04-ac1b-490f-acbf-09d1f19bbbe1 · outbound
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Reference 99
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 6f78eb3d-6005-40c9-a8b2-126f61a53346 · outbound
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Reference 102
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Reference 103
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Reference 104
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Reference 106
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Reference 107
Source-reported events for the cited work
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