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The NANOGrav 15-year Data Set: Observations and Timing of 68 Millisecond Pulsars

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arxiv 2306.16217 v1 pith:XE3GHV7D submitted 2023-06-28 astro-ph.HE astro-ph.IM

The NANOGrav 15-year Data Set: Observations and Timing of 68 Millisecond Pulsars

Gabriella Agazie , Md Faisal Alam , Akash Anumarlapudi , Anne M. Archibald , Zaven Arzoumanian , Paul T. Baker , Laura Blecha , Victoria Bonidie
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Adam Brazier Paul R. Brook Sarah Burke-Spolaor Bence B\'ecsy Christopher Chapman Maria Charisi Shami Chatterjee Tyler Cohen James M. Cordes Neil J. Cornish Fronefield Crawford H. Thankful Cromartie Kathryn Crowter Megan E. DeCesar Paul B. Demorest Timothy Dolch Brendan Drachler Elizabeth C. Ferrara William Fiore Emmanuel Fonseca Gabriel E. Freedman Nate Garver-Daniels Peter A. Gentile Joseph Glaser Deborah C. Good Kayhan G\"ultekin Jeffrey S. Hazboun Ross J. Jennings Cody Jessup Aaron D. Johnson Megan L. Jones Andrew R. Kaiser David L. Kaplan Luke Zoltan Kelley Matthew Kerr Joey S. Key Anastasia Kuske Nima Laal Michael T. Lam William G. Lamb T. Joseph W. Lazio Natalia Lewandowska Ye Lin Tingting Liu Duncan R. Lorimer Jing Luo Ryan S. Lynch Chung-Pei Ma Dustin R. Madison Kaleb Maraccini Alexander McEwen James W. McKee Maura A. McLaughlin Natasha McMann Bradley W. Meyers Chiara M. F. Mingarelli Andrea Mitridate Cherry Ng David J. Nice Stella Koch Ocker Ken D. Olum Elisa Panciu Timothy T. Pennucci Benetge B. P. Perera Nihan S. Pol Henri A. Radovan Scott M. Ransom Paul S. Ray Joseph D. Romano Laura Salo Shashwat C. Sardesai Carl Schmiedekamp Ann Schmiedekamp Kai Schmitz Brent J. Shapiro-Albert Xavier Siemens Joseph Simon Magdalena S. Siwek Ingrid H. Stairs Daniel R. Stinebring Kevin Stovall Abhimanyu Susobhanan Joseph K. Swiggum Stephen R. Taylor Jacob E. Turner Caner Unal Michele Vallisneri Sarah J. Vigeland Haley M. Wahl Qiaohong Wang Caitlin A. Witt Olivia Young (for the NANOGrav Collaboration)
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We present observations and timing analyses of 68 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) comprising the 15-year data set of the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav). NANOGrav is a pulsar timing array (PTA) experiment that is sensitive to low-frequency gravitational waves. This is NANOGrav's fifth public data release, including both "narrowband" and "wideband" time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements and corresponding pulsar timing models. We have added 21 MSPs and extended our timing baselines by three years, now spanning nearly 16 years for some of our sources. The data were collected using the Arecibo Observatory, the Green Bank Telescope, and the Very Large Array between frequencies of 327 MHz and 3 GHz, with most sources observed approximately monthly. A number of notable methodological and procedural changes were made compared to our previous data sets. These improve the overall quality of the TOA data set and are part of the transition to new pulsar timing and PTA analysis software packages. For the first time, our data products are accompanied by a full suite of software to reproduce data reduction, analysis, and results. Our timing models include a variety of newly detected astrometric and binary pulsar parameters, including several significant improvements to pulsar mass constraints. We find that the time series of 23 pulsars contain detectable levels of red noise, 10 of which are new measurements. In this data set, we find evidence for a stochastic gravitational-wave background.

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