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Quantum Computing for High-Energy Physics: State of the Art and Challenges. Summary of the QC4HEP Working Group
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Quantum Computing for High-Energy Physics: State of the Art and Challenges. Summary of the QC4HEP Working Group
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Quantum computers offer an intriguing path for a paradigmatic change of computing in the natural sciences and beyond, with the potential for achieving a so-called quantum advantage, namely a significant (in some cases exponential) speed-up of numerical simulations. The rapid development of hardware devices with various realizations of qubits enables the execution of small scale but representative applications on quantum computers. In particular, the high-energy physics community plays a pivotal role in accessing the power of quantum computing, since the field is a driving source for challenging computational problems. This concerns, on the theoretical side, the exploration of models which are very hard or even impossible to address with classical techniques and, on the experimental side, the enormous data challenge of newly emerging experiments, such as the upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider. In this roadmap paper, led by CERN, DESY and IBM, we provide the status of high-energy physics quantum computations and give examples for theoretical and experimental target benchmark applications, which can be addressed in the near future. Having the IBM 100 x 100 challenge in mind, where possible, we also provide resource estimates for the examples given using error mitigated quantum computing.
Forward citations
Cited by 19 Pith papers
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Non-Abelian String-Breaking Dynamics on a Qudit Quantum Computer
First experimental quantum simulation of genuine non-Abelian string breaking in an SU(2) pure gauge theory on a qudit trapped-ion computer, resolving oscillations and coherent breaking driven by plaquette interactions.
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Gauss law codes and vacuum codes from lattice gauge theories
Gauss law codes identify the full gauge-invariant sector as the code space while vacuum codes restrict to the matter vacuum, with the two shown to be unitarily equivalent for finite gauge groups.
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Binary Gauss Stabilizers for Abelian Lattice Gauge Theories
Binary Gauss stabilizers provide a non-Pauli stabilizer description of the physical subspace of Z_{2^η} lattice gauge theories, enabling bit-flip error correction and gauge fixing from gauge constraints alone.
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Thermalization of SU(2) Lattice Gauge Fields on Quantum Computers
Quantum hardware simulation of SU(2) lattice gauge thermalization matches classical extrapolations up to 101 plaquettes after error mitigation, establishing feasibility for chaotic quantum field systems.
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Quantum dynamics of cosmological particle production: interacting quantum field theories with matrix product states
Self-interactions in scalar and gauge theories suppress gravitational particle production in a quench modeling cosmic expansion, as computed with tensor networks.
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Infinite matrix product states for $(1+1)$-dimensional gauge theories
A matrix product operator construction using link-enhanced MPOs enables infinite-lattice simulations of (1+1)D gauge theories with manifest translation invariance and symmetry.
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Realizing Error Suppression in Partially Fault-Tolerant Quantum Simulations with IBM Quantum Computers
Partially fault-tolerant [[4,2,2]] Iceberg-code simulations on ibm_boston improve local Ising observables over unencoded baselines by a few percent in 1D and over 200% in 2D at late times via Observable-Ranked Postselection.
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Hardware-efficient quantum simulation of intense-field QED
Hybrid trapped-ion circuits simulate nonlinear Breit-Wheeler pair production in intense-field QED with polynomial gate scaling; zero-noise extrapolation recovers photon-survival and pair signals under experimental noise.
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Toward Hamiltonian simulations of Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory: constant modes and gauge field truncation
A lattice discretization of constant modes in 2+1D Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory on a torus maps to a generalized Harper-Hofstadter model, reproducing continuum topological degeneracy under specific commensurability con...
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A Finite-Volume Scheme for the Continuum Extrapolation of Lattice Step-Scaling in (2+1)D Hamiltonian U(1) Gauge Theory
Introduces and tests a finite-volume scheme enabling stable continuum extrapolation of the step-scaling function in (2+1)D Hamiltonian U(1) gauge theory via matrix product states.
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String dynamics of a (2+1)D U(1) quantum link model on a digital quantum computer
Digital quantum simulations of string dynamics in a (2+1)D U(1) quantum link model on IBM hardware with up to 112 qubits agree with tensor networks at short times and thermal averages at long times.
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Exponentially improved quantum simulation of scalar QFT
Diagonalizing field operators before Pauli-string decomposition exponentially cuts circuit depth and Trotter errors in 2+1D scalar QFT simulations, with faster local-truncation convergence for Lorentzian energy-energy...
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Ground state preparation in $(2+1)$-dimensional pure $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory via deterministic quantum imaginary time evolution
Deterministic QITE made gauge-invariant via commuting Pauli operators achieves relative error below 0.1 percent for ground-state preparation in 2+1D Z2 LGT on systems up to twelve plaquettes, as shown by tensor-networ...
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Ground state preparation in $(2+1)$-dimensional pure $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory via deterministic quantum imaginary time evolution
Deterministic QITE with a Gauss-law-reduced Pauli pool reproduces DMRG ground-state energies of (2+1)-D pure Z2 lattice gauge theory to within 0.1% for ladders of up to 32 qubits and coupling λ ∈ [0.5, 5].
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Quantum Information Dynamics of QED$_2$ in Expanding de Sitter Universe
In de Sitter QED2, a moving narrow-gap region creates a pseudo-critical line that governs loss of adiabaticity, excitation growth, and a detectable irreversibility front in relative entropy.
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Scaling and Luescher Term in a non-Abelian (2+1)d SU$(2)$ Quantum Link Model
In an SU(2) quantum link model on a hexagonal lattice, the static quark potential shows a coupling-dependent Lüscher term and logarithmically growing string width, indicating a rough confining string with no continuum limit.
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A Framework for Quantum Simulations of Energy-Loss and Hadronization in Non-Abelian Gauge Theories: SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theory in 1+1D
A quantum simulation framework is developed and demonstrated for energy loss and hadronization of a heavy quark in 1+1D SU(2) lattice gauge theory on 18 qubits of IBM hardware, with results matching classical simulations.
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Quantum Information Dynamics of QED$_2$ in Expanding de Sitter Universe
In expanding de Sitter QED₂, a moving pseudo-critical line drives loss of adiabaticity, a late-time dip near τ_*≈3.1, and an LOCC-detectable irreversibility front in relative entropy.
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Quantum Simulation of Nucleon-Antinucleon Interaction in Large-$N$ QCD$_2$ on an IBM Quantum Nighthawk Processor
Quantum simulation on IBM Nighthawk extracts attractive kink-antikink potential in large-N QCD2 mapped to XXZ chain, agreeing with exact diagonalization benchmarks.
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