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LLaRA: Supercharging Robot Learning Data for Vision-Language Policy

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arxiv 2406.20095 v3 pith:XVJN3TB2 submitted 2024-06-28 cs.RO cs.AIcs.CLcs.CVcs.LG

LLaRA: Supercharging Robot Learning Data for Vision-Language Policy

classification cs.RO cs.AIcs.CLcs.CVcs.LG
keywords llaramodelsroboticactiondatasetslanguagepretrainedrobot
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Vision Language Models (VLMs) have recently been leveraged to generate robotic actions, forming Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models. However, directly adapting a pretrained VLM for robotic control remains challenging, particularly when constrained by a limited number of robot demonstrations. In this work, we introduce LLaRA: Large Language and Robotics Assistant, a framework that formulates robot action policy as visuo-textual conversations and enables an efficient transfer of a pretrained VLM into a powerful VLA, motivated by the success of visual instruction tuning in Computer Vision. First, we present an automated pipeline to generate conversation-style instruction tuning data for robots from existing behavior cloning datasets, aligning robotic actions with image pixel coordinates. Further, we enhance this dataset in a self-supervised manner by defining six auxiliary tasks, without requiring any additional action annotations. We show that a VLM finetuned with a limited amount of such datasets can produce meaningful action decisions for robotic control. Through experiments across multiple simulated and real-world tasks, we demonstrate that LLaRA achieves state-of-the-art performance while preserving the generalization capabilities of large language models. The code, datasets, and pretrained models are available at https://github.com/LostXine/LLaRA.

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Forward citations

Cited by 12 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. UniLACT: Depth-Aware RGB Latent Action Learning for Vision-Language-Action Models

    cs.RO 2026-02 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    UniLACT improves VLA models by adding depth-aware unified latent action pretraining that outperforms RGB-only baselines on seen and unseen manipulation tasks.

  2. Weights or Skills? A Survey of Robot-Learning Techniques: from Action-Predicting Weights to Robots that Write their Own Skills

    cs.RO 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0

    A taxonomy of robot learning on a weights-versus-skills axis, with a five-rung self-improvement ladder whose top cell (feedback plus memory plus search) holds only a few recent systems.

  3. Notes-to-Self: Scratchpad Augmented VLAs for Memory Dependent Manipulation Tasks

    cs.RO 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0

    A language scratchpad that records object positions, the plan, and completed subgoals lets vision-language-action policies succeed on memory-dependent manipulation tasks that stateless baselines fail.

  4. PALM: Progress-Aware Policy Learning via Affordance Reasoning for Long-Horizon Robotic Manipulation

    cs.RO 2026-01 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    PALM improves long-horizon robotic manipulation success by distilling affordance representations for object interaction and predicting within-subtask progress in a VLA model.

  5. Capturing Gaze Shifts for Guidance: Cross-Modal Fusion Enhancement for VLM Hallucination Mitigation

    cs.CV 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0

    Tracking positive shifts in visual attention over information-rich query words yields a saliency map that, when used to boost visual and query attention during decoding, reduces object hallucination on CHAIR, POPE, an...

  6. GraspVLA: a Grasping Foundation Model Pre-trained on Billion-scale Synthetic Action Data

    cs.RO 2025-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    GraspVLA shows that pretraining a grasping model on a billion synthetic action frames enables zero-shot open-vocabulary performance and sim-to-real transfer.

  7. $\pi_{0.5}$: a Vision-Language-Action Model with Open-World Generalization

    cs.LG 2025-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    π_{0.5} is a VLA model that achieves long-horizon dexterous manipulation in entirely new homes through co-training on heterogeneous tasks and multi-source data including web and semantic predictions.

  8. TraceVLA: Visual Trace Prompting Enhances Spatial-Temporal Awareness for Generalist Robotic Policies

    cs.RO 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0

    Visual trace prompting improves spatial-temporal awareness in VLA models, delivering 10% gains on SimplerEnv and 3.5x on real-robot tasks.

  9. Position: Vision-Language-Action Models Cannot Be Verified to Perform Physical Reasoning

    cs.RO 2026-06 conditional novelty 5.0

    VLA benchmark success rates cannot distinguish semantic generalization from physical reasoning due to an identifiability gap in current evaluation protocols.

  10. Source Component Shift Adaptation via Offline Decomposition and Online Mixing Approach

    cs.LG 2025-08 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    The claimed result is that source-component-shift adaptation splits cleanly into offline component learning via EM and online mixing-weight updates, cutting cumulative test loss by up to 67.4%.

  11. ThinkAct: Vision-Language-Action Reasoning via Reinforced Visual Latent Planning

    cs.CV 2025-07 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    ThinkAct introduces reinforced visual latent planning in a dual VLA system to enable better long-horizon reasoning and adaptation for embodied tasks.

  12. Leveraging OS-Level Primitives for Robotic Action Management

    cs.OS 2025-08 conditional novelty 4.0

    Applying OS-style exception handling, context caching, and replay to robotic action slices raises success rates 7x to 24x and cuts execution steps up to 74% for repetitive manipulation tasks, without retraining the VLA model.