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Reflective Planning: Vision-Language Models for Multi-Stage Long-Horizon Robotic Manipulation
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Reflective Planning: Vision-Language Models for Multi-Stage Long-Horizon Robotic Manipulation
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Solving complex long-horizon robotic manipulation problems requires sophisticated high-level planning capabilities, the ability to reason about the physical world, and reactively choose appropriate motor skills. Vision-language models (VLMs) pretrained on Internet data could in principle offer a framework for tackling such problems. However, in their current form, VLMs lack both the nuanced understanding of intricate physics required for robotic manipulation and the ability to reason over long horizons to address error compounding issues. In this paper, we introduce a novel test-time computation framework that enhances VLMs' physical reasoning capabilities for multi-stage manipulation tasks. At its core, our approach iteratively improves a pretrained VLM with a "reflection" mechanism - it uses a generative model to imagine future world states, leverages these predictions to guide action selection, and critically reflects on potential suboptimalities to refine its reasoning. Experimental results demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms several state-of-the-art commercial VLMs as well as other post-training approaches such as Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS). Videos are available at https://reflect-vlm.github.io.
Forward citations
Cited by 11 Pith papers
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VoLo: A Physical Orchestrator for Open-Vocabulary Long-Horizon Manipulation
VoLoAgent uses a VLM to steer heterogeneous robot capabilities as interruptible tools for long-horizon manipulation and introduces the RoboVoLo benchmark, claiming substantial outperformance over single VLA/VLM or too...
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From Imagined Futures to Executable Actions: Mixture of Latent Actions for Robot Manipulation
MoLA infers a mixture of latent actions from generated future videos via modality-aware inverse dynamics models to improve robot manipulation policies.
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PhysMem: Scaling Test-Time Memory for Embodied Physical Reasoning
PhysMem enables VLM-based robot planners to learn and verify physical properties through test-time interaction and hypothesis testing, raising success on a brick insertion task from 23% to 76%.
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APIVOT: Adaptive Planning with Interleaved Vision-Language Thoughts
A VLM planner that adaptively inserts latent visual thoughts of future states into its reasoning trace beats language-only and prior VLM planners on long-horizon kitchen tasks, especially under tight free space.
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Task-Aware Scanning Parameter Configuration for Robotic Inspection Using Vision Language Embeddings and Hyperdimensional Computing
ScanHD achieves 92.7% exact accuracy and 98.1% Win@1 accuracy in recommending discrete scanning parameters from instructions and images on a new real-world dataset.
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Navigating the Clutter: Waypoint-Based Bi-Level Planning for Multi-Robot Systems
Waypoint-based bi-level planning with curriculum RLVR improves multi-robot task success rates in dense-obstacle benchmarks over motion-agnostic and VLA baselines.
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Chain Of Interaction Benchmark (COIN): When Reasoning meets Embodied Interaction
COIN provides 50 interactive robotic tasks, a 1000-demonstration dataset collected via AR teleoperation, and metrics showing that CodeAsPolicy, VLA, and H-VLA models fail at causally-dependent interactive reasoning du...
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AsyncVLA: Asynchronous Flow Matching for Vision-Language-Action Models
AsyncVLA adds asynchronous flow matching and a confidence rater to VLA models so they can generate actions on flexible schedules and selectively refine low-confidence tokens before execution.
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PhysReflect-VLA: Physical Feasibility and Self-Reflective Regulation for Reliable Vision-Language-Action Policies
PhysReflect-VLA augments VLA policies with a Feasibility Operator, Action Explanation Operator, and LLM Reflection Module to improve success rates by an average of 5.4% on contact-rich multi-stage robotic tasks.
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VLBiMan: Vision-Language Anchored One-Shot Demonstration Enables Generalizable Bimanual Robotic Manipulation
VLBiMan framework enables generalizable bimanual manipulation from single human demonstrations via vision-language anchored task decomposition and adaptation without retraining.
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A Survey on Vision-Language-Action Models: An Action Tokenization Perspective
The survey frames VLA models as pipelines that generate progressively grounded action tokens and classifies those tokens into eight types to guide future development.
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