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Tensor Trust: Interpretable Prompt Injection Attacks from an Online Game

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arxiv 2311.01011 v1 pith:3ATN6BEH submitted 2023-11-02 cs.LG cs.CR

Tensor Trust: Interpretable Prompt Injection Attacks from an Online Game

classification cs.LG cs.CR
keywords promptdatasetinjectionattacksgamellmstensortrust
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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While Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in real-world applications, they remain vulnerable to prompt injection attacks: malicious third party prompts that subvert the intent of the system designer. To help researchers study this problem, we present a dataset of over 126,000 prompt injection attacks and 46,000 prompt-based "defenses" against prompt injection, all created by players of an online game called Tensor Trust. To the best of our knowledge, this is currently the largest dataset of human-generated adversarial examples for instruction-following LLMs. The attacks in our dataset have a lot of easily interpretable stucture, and shed light on the weaknesses of LLMs. We also use the dataset to create a benchmark for resistance to two types of prompt injection, which we refer to as prompt extraction and prompt hijacking. Our benchmark results show that many models are vulnerable to the attack strategies in the Tensor Trust dataset. Furthermore, we show that some attack strategies from the dataset generalize to deployed LLM-based applications, even though they have a very different set of constraints to the game. We release all data and source code at https://tensortrust.ai/paper

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Forward citations

Cited by 19 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

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    cs.CR 2024-06 unverdicted novelty 8.0

    AgentDojo introduces an extensible evaluation framework populated with realistic agent tasks and security test cases to measure prompt injection robustness in tool-using LLM agents.

  2. IPI-proxy: An Intercepting Proxy for Red-Teaming Web-Browsing AI Agents Against Indirect Prompt Injection

    cs.CR 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    IPI-proxy is a toolkit using an intercepting proxy to inject indirect prompt injection attacks into live web pages for testing AI browsing agents against hidden instructions.

  3. Jailbreaking the Matrix: Nullspace Steering for Controlled Model Subversion

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    HMNS is a new jailbreak method that uses causal head identification and nullspace-constrained injection to achieve higher attack success rates than prior techniques on aligned language models.

  4. Agent Security Bench (ASB): Formalizing and Benchmarking Attacks and Defenses in LLM-based Agents

    cs.CR 2024-10 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    ASB is a new benchmark that tests 10 prompt injection attacks, memory poisoning, a novel Plan-of-Thought backdoor attack, and 11 defenses on LLM agents across 13 models, finding attack success rates up to 84.3% and li...

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  11. Representation-Guided Parameter-Efficient LLM Unlearning

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    REGLU guides LoRA-based unlearning via representation subspaces and orthogonal regularization to outperform prior methods on forget-retain trade-off in LLM benchmarks.

  12. Reasoning Up the Instruction Ladder for Controllable Language Models

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    RLVR on ~7K verifiable system/user conflict examples teaches LLMs to prioritize higher-priority instructions, improving instruction-hierarchy and safety benchmarks.

  13. MetaBreak: Jailbreaking Online LLM Services via Special Token Manipulation

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    Special tokens that structure LLM conversations can be injected and swapped for lookalike words to bypass both built-in safety and external content filters.

  14. Efficient LLM Adversarial Training via Low-Rank Defense and Circuit-Guided Surrogates

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    Combining suffix-window representation finetuning with an ActGrad-pruned surrogate cuts latent-adversarial-training FLOPs per step by 48.1% with only 0.0118% trainable parameters, while accepting higher attack success rates.

  15. Evaluating using Mock Tool Calls to Quarantine Untrusted Prompt Inputs

    cs.CL 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Mock tool call wrapping does not broadly improve and sometimes reduces robustness to attacks on untrusted inputs across seven models and three LLM-as-a-judge tasks.

  16. Evaluation of Prompt Injection Defenses in Large Language Models

    cs.CR 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Only output filtering with hardcoded rules in application code prevented prompt injection leaks in LLMs, as all model-based defenses were defeated by an adaptive attacker.

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    SALLIE detects jailbreaks in text and vision-language models by extracting residual stream activations, scoring maliciousness per layer with k-NN, and ensembling predictions, outperforming baselines on multiple datasets.

  18. A Comparative Evaluation of AI Agent Security Guardrails

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  19. Generative Models and Connected and Automated Vehicles: A Survey in Exploring the Intersection of Transportation and AI

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