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arxiv 2106.05285 v3 pith:3IWTEGJG submitted 2021-06-09 physics.ins-det cs.LGhep-exhep-phphysics.data-an

CaloFlow: Fast and Accurate Generation of Calorimeter Showers with Normalizing Flows

classification physics.ins-det cs.LGhep-exhep-phphysics.data-an
keywords flowsnormalizingimagescaloflowcalorimeterclassifierfastother
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We introduce CaloFlow, a fast detector simulation framework based on normalizing flows. For the first time, we demonstrate that normalizing flows can reproduce many-channel calorimeter showers with extremely high fidelity, providing a fresh alternative to computationally expensive GEANT4 simulations, as well as other state-of-the-art fast simulation frameworks based on GANs and VAEs. Besides the usual histograms of physical features and images of calorimeter showers, we introduce a new metric for judging the quality of generative modeling: the performance of a classifier trained to differentiate real from generated images. We show that GAN-generated images can be identified by the classifier with nearly 100% accuracy, while images generated from CaloFlow are better able to fool the classifier. More broadly, normalizing flows offer several advantages compared to other state-of-the-art approaches (GANs and VAEs), including: tractable likelihoods; stable and convergent training; and principled model selection. Normalizing flows also provide a bijective mapping between data and the latent space, which could have other applications beyond simulation, for example, to detector unfolding.

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Forward citations

Cited by 8 Pith papers

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